【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题三习题讲评课一

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题三习题讲评课一

专题三 完形填空 ‎ 因淡化首句信息而导致耗时费力 ‎　‎ 完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，这是为了给考生提供 利用首句信息 进行推断 一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时 间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过 文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取 许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。‎ ‎1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。‎ ‎[典例1]　 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.‎ 直接信息 首句点明了故事发生的时间、人物以及事件(免费课程)，由此可以基本判定本文为记叙文 预测信息 下文很可能介绍作者大学期间学习象棋课程及它对作者生活的影响 ‎[典例2]　 (2017·全国卷Ⅲ) A Toronto man is offering a free roundtheworld air ticket to the right woman.‎ 直接信息 首句介绍了一个来自多伦多的男人赠送环球航空票的故事，由此可以基本判定本文应是记叙文 预测信息 后文中很可能讲述为什么免费赠送机票以及能得到免费机票女士的条件(the right woman)‎ ‎2.利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。‎ ‎[典例1]　 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.‎ 直接信息 首句“高中和大学教育的区别：前者不鼓励探索，而后者鼓励探索。”直接点明文章的中心话题 预测信息 下文很可能是作者在大学学习的经历和感受 ‎[典例2]　 (2018·江苏高考)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.‎ 直接信息 首句点明了“Raynor Winn和她丈夫Moth因为投资失误变得无家可归”‎ 预测信息 下文很可能讲述夫妇俩面临绝境后的生活状况 ‎(铺阴影的题目为“可利用首句信息解题”)‎ A 体裁 话题 词数 限时 记叙文 孤寡老人建游泳池 ‎289‎ ‎15分钟 Keith Davison, 94, is struggling since losing his beloved wife of 66 years, Evy.To take his attention away from his 1 ， the retired judge built a pool into his backyard, and 2 all those in his neighborhood to play anytime they’d like.He hoped that the 3 of water splashing (飞溅) and children playing would 4 the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home in the days after Evy’s passing.“I had a 5 life, and after my wife 6 ， that ended，” says Davison.“You get used to having a person there to enjoy life with, and now this place is so 7 .”‎ The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.Davison’s only 8 is that a child’s parent must be 9 to take care of them.Jessica Huebner, a neighbor of Davison, says that Davison and Evy were always 10 to the kids in the neighborhood.“It’s about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children 12 he sees them as the face of the future，” says Huebner.“He is just a very kind man.”‎ Huebner 13 brings cookies and homecooked meals to Davison to show her 14 for what he has done.“He built the pool for us and our children, 15 we can do more to visit with him，” she says.“That’s what he wants; he wants to 16 with the kids.”‎ Still, Davison is 17 the absence of his wife.The walls of the house still remind him of her, because she 18 them to her taste, something he very much 19 .But Davison thinks Evy would be happy to see the neighborhood having so much ‎20 in their backyard.He just wishes she was there to see it.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。美国一位94岁的老人在自家后院建了一座免费游泳池，既给附近的孩子们提供了一个解暑、玩耍的地方，同时也缓解了自己失去妻子的痛苦与寂寞。‎ ‎1．A.fear　　　　　　　　　 B．sadness C．sickness D．worry 解析：选B　根据首句中的“losing his beloved wife of 66 years”可知，Davison想从失去妻子的“悲伤(sadness)”中解脱出来。‎ ‎2．A.invited　　　　　　　　 B．advised C．inspired D．expected 解析：选A　游泳池建好后，Davison“邀请(invited)”附近的孩子们来玩耍。‎ ‎3．A.colors B．sounds C．effects D．problems 解析：选B　根据下文中的“the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home”可知，Davison希望孩子们玩闹泼水的“声音(sounds)”能“掩盖(mask)”家里的静寂。mask此处用作动词。‎ ‎4．A.remember B．keep C．bring D．mask 解析：选D　参见上题解析。‎ ‎5．A.secret 　　　　　　　　 B．difficult C．happy D．traditional 解析：选C　根据首句中的“his beloved wife of 66 years, Evy”和下文中的“having a person there to enjoy life with”可知，妻子过世前，他们过着“幸福的(happy)”生活。‎ ‎6．A.died 　　　　　　　 　 B．retired C．escaped D．returned 解析：选A　根据首句中的“losing his beloved wife”和“after Evy’s passing”可知，Davison的妻子“去世(died)”后，幸福生活也结束了。‎ ‎7．A.cold B．dirty C．quiet D．crowded 解析：选C　根据上文中的“the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home”可知，现在的家里很“安静(quiet)”。‎ ‎8．A.movement B．development C．requirement D．achievement 解析：选C　根据下文中的“a child’s parent must be 9 to take care of them”可知，Davison的唯一“要求(requirement)”是孩子的父亲或母亲必须照看着。‎ ‎9．A.ahead B．upstairs C．indoors D．nearby 解析：选D　根据下文中的“take care of them”可知，孩子的父亲或母亲必须在“附近(nearby)”。‎ ‎10．A.nice B．strange C．terrible D．fair 解析：选A　根据第二段最后一句“He is just a very kind man.”可知，Davison夫妇对附近的孩子很“友好(nice)”。‎ ‎11．A.desire B．success C．wealth D．joy 解析：选D　根据第二段第一句中的“children have been lining up to play”和下文中的“happiness”可知，Davison建免费游泳池给孩子们带来了“快乐(joy)”。‎ ‎12．A.while B．unless C．because D．although 解析：选C　“he sees them as the face of the future”是“It’s about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children”的原因，故because符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.normally B．regularly C．instantly D．carefully 解析：选B　根据下文中的“we can do more to visit with him”可知，Huebner会“经常(regularly)”带一些饼干或家里烹制的饭菜给Davison。‎ ‎14．A.doubt B．surprise C．excitement D．appreciation 解析：选D　给Davison送饼干或饭菜等是为了表示“感激(appreciation)”。‎ ‎15．A.in turn B．in contrast C．in return D．in advance 解析：选C　Davison建了游泳池供邻居们娱乐，“作为回报(in return)”，大家也应该为他多做些事情。‎ ‎16．A.go B．trade C．play D．connect 解析：选D　Davison建游泳池的目的是想和孩子们“建立良好的关系(connect)”。‎ ‎17.A.dealing with　　　　　 B．looking into C．preparing for D．learning about 解析：选A　根据第一段首句中的“Keith Davison, 94, is struggling since losing his beloved wife”和下文中的“The walls of the house still remind him of her”可知，Davison正在努力“应对(dealing with)”失去妻子的痛苦。‎ ‎18．A.rented B．decorated C．bought D．recommended 解析：选B　根据上文中的“The walls of the house still remind him of her”可知，墙是按照妻子的品味“装饰(decorated)”的，Davison非常“喜欢(enjoyed)”。‎ ‎19．A.hated B．enjoyed C．regretted D．missed 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎20．A.fun B．luck C．money D．time 解析：选A　根据第二段第一句“The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.”可知，邻居们在后院玩得很“开心(fun)。”‎ B 体裁 话题 词数 限时 记叙文 人物故事 ‎306‎ ‎17分钟 A man has given up his wellpaid job in sales to become a barber for dementia patients, inspired by his teenage job in a nursing home.Lenny White, 36, worked in 1 with the Yellow Pages for 17 years, 2 felt unsatisfied and decided to do something a little more 3 and meaningful.‎ As a 4 ， he had worked as a kitchen server in nursing homes.When he began to 5 his passion (热情) for his career, he decided to find a way to help the kind of people he’d 6 worked with.“I had just got to the stage where I knew that I wasn’t 7 ，” Lenny said.“I never 8 the care home job, I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民)． 9 never left me.” He decided to work as a barber 10 he remembered the men in the care home where he’d worked having haircuts in women’s salons (发廊), which stressed them out as they weren’t used to the 11 .‎ To help his 12 relax, he uses oldfashioned products and plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon, so they feel like they are in a salon they 13 .‎ ‎“The residents were 14 .They sang along to the 15 ， tapped (打节拍) their feet, and it created a real 16 atmosphere.” Lenny said.‎ Lenny also works as a care assistant in order to learn how to 17 elderly people while cutting their hair.He 18 ， “You have to take your time with them and be 19 .Even the small things like sitting them down and keeping your hand on their shoulder, let them know you’re there.”‎ He even won the Northern Ireland Alzheimer’s Society Award for Outstanding Contribution 2017 for his efforts, and is 20 to popularize (推广) his “worthwhile” job nationwide.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。36岁的Lenny White放弃高薪的销售工作，选择为痴呆病人理发。‎ ‎1．A.tourism　　　　　　　　 B．sales C．insurance D．banking 解析：选B　根据首句“A man has given up his wellpaid job in sales to become a barber for dementia patients”可知，36岁的Lenny White放弃他高薪的销售工作，成为一名为痴呆病人理发的理发师。‎ ‎2．A.since　　　　　　　　　 B．so C．and D．but 解析：选 D　根据首句“A man has given up his wellpaid job in sales”及下文“felt unsatisfied and decided to do something a little more 3 and meaningful”可知，36岁的Lenny White虽然有一份高薪的销售工作，但是他感到不满足，他决定做一些有意义的事情。‎ ‎3．A.worthwhile B．hard C．pleasing D．impressive 解析：选A　根据下文“and meaningful”及最后一段“popularize (推广) his ‘worthwhile’ job nationwide”可知，Lenny White决定做一些值得做并且有意义的事情。‎ ‎4．A.server B．manager C．teenager D．volunteer 解析：选C　根据第一段首句“inspired by his teenage job in a nursing home”可知，Lenny White放弃高薪工作是受他青少年时在疗养院工作的启发。‎ ‎5．A.follow B．share C．lose D．feel 解析：选C　根据第一段中的“felt unsatisfied”及下文“he decided to find a way to help the kind of people”可知，当Lenny White对工作失去热情的时候，他决定找到一种方式来帮助那些人。‎ ‎6．A.unwillingly B．publicly C．casually D．previously 解析：选D　根据下文“I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民)”可知，Lenny White想帮助他曾经在一起工作的那些人。previously“先前的，以往的”符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.puzzled B．satisfied C．thrilled D．familiar 解析：选B　根据第一段第二句中的“felt unsatisfied”可知，Lenny White对他销售工作状况不满意。‎ ‎8．A.forgot B．complained C．missed D．understood 解析：选A　根据下文“I never forgot how it made me feel and the communication that I had with the residents (居民)”可知，此处与下文“I never forgot”并列，故forgot符合语境。‎ ‎9．A.Each B．What C．That D．Something 解析：选C　根据上文“I never 8 the care home job ...had with the residents (居民)．”可知，Lenny White从未忘记疗养院的工作，从未忘记带给他的感觉及他与疗养院住民的沟通。这(That)从未离开他。‎ ‎10．A.unless B．once C．until D．as 解析：选D　根据下文“he remembered the men ...which stressed them out”可知，当Lenny White记得他曾经工作的那个疗养院里的男人们在女人的沙龙里理发，这让他们很紧张，所以他决定当一名理发师。‎ ‎11．A.food B．surroundings C．rules D．weather 解析：选B　根据上文“he remembered the men ...which stressed them out”可知，疗养院的男人们在女士发廊里理发，这使得他们很紧张，因为他们不习惯那样的环境。‎ ‎12．A.customers B．students C．relatives D．leaders 解析：选A　根据下文“he uses oldfashioned products and plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon，”可知，Lenny White使用老式的产品，在他的发廊里播放埃尔维斯·普雷斯利的歌曲，这样会让他的顾客们感觉他们处于记忆中的发廊。‎ ‎13．A.set up B．take charge of C．remember D．decorate 解析：选C　参见上题解析。‎ ‎14．A.anxious B．disappointed C．crazy D．relaxed 解析：选D　根据上文“To help his 12 relax”可知，在Lenny White发廊理发的人们很放松。‎ ‎15．A.music B．guitar C．radio D．microphone 解析：选A　根据第三段中的“plays Elvis Presley songs in his salon”及下文“They sang ...tapped (打节拍) their feet”可知，Lenny White在发廊里播放埃尔维斯·普雷斯利的歌曲，人们跟着音乐一起唱，用脚拍打节拍。‎ ‎16．A.same B．different C．embarrassing D．ordinary 解析：选B　根据上文“The residents were 14 .They sang along to the 15 ， tapped ‎ (打节拍) their feet”可知，人们在Lenny White的发廊中很放松，与男人们在女士发廊中理发感觉很紧张相比，这创造了一个真正不一样的环境。‎ ‎17．A.thank for B．call on C．look after D．think about 解析：选C　根据上文“Lenny also works as a care assistant”可知，Lenny White为了学习在理发过程中如何照顾年老的人，也作为一名护理助理。‎ ‎18．A.argued B．explained C．begged D．joked 解析：选B　根据下文内容可知，这是Lenny White的解释说明。‎ ‎19．A.patient B．honest C．confident D．grateful 解析：选A　根据上文“You have to take your time with them”和下文“Even the small things like sitting them down and keeping your hand on their shoulder, let them know you’re there.”可知，你必须对年老的人慢慢来，要有耐心，要让他们知道你在那里。‎ ‎20．A.challenging B．encouraging C．refusing D．hoping 解析：选D　根据上文“He even won ...for his efforts”和下文“to popularize (推广) his ‘worthwhile’ job nationwide”可知，Lenny White希望能在全国范围内推广他这份“值得做的”工作。‎