2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：非谓语动词

2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：非谓语动词

www.ks5u.com Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s，and are expensive to_perform (perform) consistently over a large area.‎ 解析：考查动词不定式。本句为主系表结构，后常跟不定式作状语。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的介词by可知，此处应用动名词形式，故填noting。‎ ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90yearold has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for being (be) Britain's oldest fulltime employee—still working 40 hours a week.‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。 for为介词，故其后的动词应用v.ing形式。‎ ‎4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene declared she had no plans to_retire (retire) from her 36yearold business.‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意“她没有退休的计划”可知需要用不定式做后置定语修饰plan。‎ ‎5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When we got a call saying (say) she was shortlisted，we thought it was a joke. ‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。结合句意分析句子结构可知 ________ (say)‎ ‎ she was shortlisted作定语修饰前面的名词a call，且与a call之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故使用v.ing形式。‎ ‎6．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to_get (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知how long it would take...为宾语从句，其中包含着it would take sb.＋时间＋to do结构，表示做某事花费多少时间，故填to get。‎ ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running.‎ 解析：介词后用动词的ing形式。‎ ‎8．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.‎ 解析：动词avoid后用动词的ing形式。‎ ‎9．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered，he allowed me to_stay (stay) and watch.‎ 解析：allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。‎ ‎10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years longer than nonrunners.You don't have to run fast or for long to_see (see) the benefit.‎ 解析：由句意可知此处使用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎11．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 解析：feed与其逻辑主语构成主动关系，故使用ing形式。‎ ‎12．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required to_process (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ 解析：require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。‎ ‎13．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating (eat)‎ ‎ more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ 解析：by在此处表示“通过”，是介词，后接动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎14．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends,16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm resting (rest)．Instead, she is earning ￡‎6,500 a day as a model in New York.‎ 解析：spend time (in) doing花费时间做某事，为固定句型。‎ ‎15．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to_prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ 解析：根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式作动词want的宾语。‎ ‎16．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ 解析：动名词introducing作include的宾语。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.manage→managing 解析：考查非谓语动词。succeed in doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“在做某事上成功”，故将succeed改为succeeding。‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.say→saying 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，say在这里为非谓语动词且与其逻辑主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.wear→wearing 解析：介词后应使用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎4．(全国卷Ⅱ)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.looks→looking 解析：介词后应使用动名词作宾语。‎ ‎5．(四川卷)We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. sing→singing 解析：spend time (in) doing...为固定句型。‎ ‎6．(浙江卷)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.sit→sitting 解析：enjoy后常常接动名词作宾语。‎ ‎7．(陕西卷)One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.have→having 解析：句中谓语动词为sat，且句中无连词，故have应该改为现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎8．(全国卷Ⅱ)Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o'clock at night.Have→Having 解析：谓语动词为provides，根据句子结构可知，其前应该为主语，故用动名词having作主语。‎ ‎1．分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。‎ ‎(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主谓关系。‎ Hearing the news, they got excited.‎ 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。‎ ‎(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是动宾关系。‎ Seriously injured, she had to be sent to hospital at once.‎ 由于受伤严重，需要将她立刻送往医院。‎ ‎2．不定式作状语 ‎(1)不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。‎ She was surprised to see George walk in.‎ 看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。‎ ‎(2)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。‎ In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.‎ 为了通过考试，他努力学习。‎ ‎(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。‎ To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)‎ ‎1．不定式作定语 不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。‎ She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)‎ 她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。‎ Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)‎ 你有一封信要写吗？‎ Do you have the ability to read and write in English？(同位关系)‎ 你有用英语读写的能力吗？‎ ‎2．分词作定语 ‎(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用过去分词。‎ I have never seen a more moving film.‎ 我没看过比这个更令人感动的电影。‎ The houses being built are for the teachers.‎ 正在建的房子是给老师的。‎ The broken glass is Tom's.‎ 这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。‎ ‎(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done，doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。‎ boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 开水 ‎3．动名词作定语 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。‎ a walking stick＝a stick for walking 手杖 a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping 卧铺车 ‎1．不定式作宾语补足语 ‎(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。‎ Father will not allow us to play in the street.‎ 父亲不允许我们在街上玩耍。‎ ‎(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：‎ 一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。‎ Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)‎ 没人看见他进来。‎ The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)‎ 有人看见小偷进了银行。‎ ‎2．分词作宾语补足语 ‎(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, listen to, notice及keep和find等词可跟分词作宾语补足语，现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系；过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是动宾关系。‎ I saw him entering the bank.(him与enter之间为逻辑上的主谓关系)‎ 我看见他正向银行里走。‎ I saw him operated on.(him与operate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系)‎ 我看见(有人)给他做了手术。‎ ‎(2)have, get后可接现在分词或过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ They had the fire burning all night.(burn动作一直在进行)‎ 他们让火整夜烧着。‎ I will have my bike repaired tomorrow.(让别人去修)‎ 明天我要请人帮我修一下我的自行车。‎ ‎1．动词不定式作宾语 ‎(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide, determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, afford, happen, wait, threaten等。‎ We agreed to meet at the school gate.‎ 我们一致同意在校门口见面。‎ ‎(2)动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语。‎ Please tell me when to start the project.‎ 请告诉我何时开始这个项目。‎ ‎(3)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。‎ We think it our duty to protect the environment.‎ 我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。‎ ‎2．动名词作宾语 ‎(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词：consider (考虑), suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, fancy (想象，设想), avoid, miss, keep, practice, deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, can't help, mind, allow, permit, escape等。‎ He tried to avoid answering my questions.‎ 他试图对我的问题避而不答。‎ ‎(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于), look forward to (期盼), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote...to...(致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。‎ It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.‎ 我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。‎ ‎(3)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：‎ mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)‎ forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)‎ regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾(未做)‎ regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔(已做)‎ try to do sth.尽力去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事 go on to do sth.继续做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事 remember to do sth.记着去做某事(未做)‎ remember doing sth.记着做了某事(已做)‎ ‎1．动词不定式作主语 不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。‎ It's a great pleasure to talk with you.‎ 和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。‎ ‎[名师指津] 在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”‎ 结构中：若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。‎ It is generous of him to contribute so much.‎ 他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。‎ It was important for us to live a lowcarbon life.‎ 过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。‎ ‎2．动名词作主语 下列句型中常用动名词作主语：‎ ‎①It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good doing sth.‎ ‎②There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.‎ It is no good coming before that.‎ 在那之前来没有用。‎ There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.‎ 现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。‎ ‎3．不定式与动名词作表语 不定式表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词表示通常的情况。‎ My dream is to enter Beijing‎ ‎University.‎ 我的梦想是考入北京大学。‎ My job is teaching you English.‎ 我的工作是教你们英语。‎ ‎4．分词作表语 表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。‎ Please describe a dog that is frightening.‎ 请描述一只令人害怕的狗。‎ Please describe a dog that is frightened.‎ 请描述一只惊恐的狗。‎ 独立主格结构的几种形式：‎ ‎1．名词/代词(主格)＋非谓语动词 Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的逻辑主语是weather而非we)‎ 明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。‎ He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(fix的逻辑主语是his eyes而非he)‎ 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。‎ Many trees to be planted, our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful. (plant的逻辑主语是many trees而非our newlybuilt school)‎ 种上许多的树后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。‎ ‎2．名词/代词(主格)＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.‎ 学生们正在讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。‎ The boy came in, sword in hand.‎ 男孩走进来，手里握着剑。‎ ‎[名师指津] 在“名词(或代词)＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词和形容词性物主代词也常省略。‎ ‎3．with/without＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词)‎ 几乎所有的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上with/without，构成with/without复合结构。‎ Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.‎ 没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。‎ ‎1．动词不定式的时态和语态 形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生 to do to be done 进行式 在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行 to be ‎ doing 完成式 在谓语动词的动作之前发生 to have done to have been done 完成 进行式 发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行 to have been doing ‎　The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.‎ 当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在学习。‎ The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.‎ 明天要举行的会议很重要。‎ ‎2．动名词和现在分词的时态和语态 形式 意义 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生 doing being done 完成式 先于谓语动词的动作完成 having ‎ done having ‎ been done Do you like playing chess?‎ 你喜欢下棋吗？‎ She was pleased that the teacher wasn't angry with her for her having been so rude.‎ 她很高兴老师没有因为她的无礼而生气。‎ Having finished his homework, he went to bed.‎ 完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。‎ ‎3．非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义 ‎(1)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ This book is difficult to understand.‎ 这本书很难理解。‎ ‎(2)动词need, want, require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。‎ Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.‎ 你的试卷需要再检查一遍。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As with many young men, Mike joins his friends in playing (play) football on the school playground until dinner time.‎ ‎2．About a century years ago, a kind and imaginative minister came up with an idea to have a buoy (浮标) fastened (fasten) to the rock.‎ ‎3．With their eyes closed (close)，you will be surprised how it changed some people.‎ ‎4．Above all, I have come to understand that bringing (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.‎ ‎5．One day, the girl received a phone call, saying (say) the man was ill.‎ ‎6．“Hey, donkey，” the goat said one day. “I think you do too much work on this farm. You carry such heavy things from morning to night. Why don't you pretend to_get (get) sick so you can take a day off？”‎ ‎7．The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking (walk) around.‎ ‎8．I was in an elevator yesterday and saw Robin Drexel, the famous movie star! I just stood there, frozen (freeze). I couldn't say a word.‎ ‎9．Besides, the Wall Street Journal has also borrowed “dama” from the Chinese pinyin to_describe (describe) bargainhunting middleaged ‎ Chinese women, calling them “a force in the global gold market”．‎ ‎10．Doctors advise washing your hands often with soap and avoiding (avoid) eating bats, and bush meat or wild meat.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．One day I was on the phone to a female patient , go over the details of an appointment.go→going ‎2．We decided to stay for a week; left home for the first time made me so happy. I was like a bird, flying in the sky, breathing the free air.left→leaving ‎3．Besides, lack parking lots is another big problem.lack→lacking ‎4．Have had lunch, we will visit a local museum as well as an old temple.Have→Having ‎5．I, together with my two friends, was eating dinner at a Chinese restaurant, locating in the center of New York.locating→located ‎6．My mother took me see the doctor.me后加to ‎7．It's time for me to going to my real home—it was in Beijing.going→go ‎8．They keep a dog calling Ah Bao.calling→called ‎9．I stepped outside to find Dexter sit next to my elderly neighbor who had fallen.sit→sitting ‎10．Heard this, all of us were moved to tears.Heard→Hearing Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 Buying books on the Internet is a great way __1__ (save) time and money. Online bookstores offer new books and __2__ (use) books that can save you a lot of money. What's more, they are far better __3__ (compare)to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader kinds of books. You can either click the kind of ebooks online or type the book title and get it in seconds. Another advantage of __4__ (shop)online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers' reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth __5__ (buy). Online bookstores offer great discounts, which is a big attraction for book lovers.‎ For book lovers, it is most important __6__ (get) books in time. Therefore, you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.‎ Here are some tips to use when __7__ (select) an online bookstore. Some online bookstores are popular for fiction books; some are for nonfiction books or novels, etc. __8__ (understand)their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time. Check whether you will be buying the books from a thirdparty seller or directly from the websites. Never jump at stores that offer cheap prices, as books sold at such a low price could be in very bad condition.‎ ‎1．to_save　2.used　3.compared　4.shopping ‎5．buying　6.to_get　7.selecting　8.Understanding Ⅳ.语法填空 China‎ has been selected to host the World Skills Competition in Shanghai in 2021, an event it hopes to use for building a stronger team of skilled workers nationwide and to improve international __1__ (exchange) in technical skills. Hosting the event will help guide the whole society __2__ (respect) the spirit of skilled workmanship. It will also help create __3__ social atmosphere of respecting labor and admiring skill. China has 165 million skilled workers, including 47.9 million who are classed as highly skilled. They were first classified by the government in 2003. They __4__ (include) as one of the major Statelevel talent groups along with theoretical scientists in 2015, __5__ (mark) a significant rise in their social status.‎ China‎'s __6__ (early) modern skills training can date back to the Qing Dynasty. It was in 1866 __7__ the Foochow Shipbuilding Institution in Fujian province was established. In 1978, the adoption of the reform ad openingup policy highlighted a shortage of __8__ (talent) technicians. As a result, the number of students at technical institutes rose sharply. More recently, technical education __9__ (receive) greater support from the central government to help shape the nation's producing power. Every year, more than 100 million people have access __10__ technical education and training.‎ 本文是一篇说明文。2021年，世界技能大赛将在上海举行。这场大赛有望帮助我们组建全国范围内更厉害的技术工人团队，并促进国际间技术能力的交流。还可以引导整个社会对高级技工的尊敬。2003年，中国认证了高级技工，并在2015年将其与理论科学家一起作为国家级水平的人才。文章还讲述了中国技术人才培养的历史。‎ ‎1．exchanges　‎ 解析：考查名词的数。句意：这场活动有望帮助我们组建全国范围内更厉害的技术工人团队，并促进国际间技术能力的交流。International exchange前没有不定冠词修饰，exchange又是可数名词，所以空格处用复数形式。‎ ‎2．to_respect　‎ 解析：考查动词不定式。句意：主办这场活动将会帮助引导整个社会去尊重熟练的工艺。guide sb. to do sth.指导某人做某事。to do作目的状语。‎ ‎3．a　‎ 解析：考查冠词。social atmosphere社会氛围，这个名词短语中atmosphere用的是单数，且在文中第一次出现。故填a。‎ ‎4．were_included　‎ 解析：考查被动语态。句意：2015年，与理论科学家一起，他们(高级技工)被包含在内，被认定是国家级人才的一种，使得他们的社会地位有了很大提升。他们是被包含在内，时态是一般过去时(2015年)，故填were included。‎ ‎5．marking　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：2015年，与理论科学家一起，他们(高级技工)被包含在内，被认定是国家级人才的一种，标志着他们的社会地位有了很大提升。现在分词短语作伴随状语。‎ ‎6．earliest　‎ 解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国最早的现代技能培训可以追溯到清代。故填earliest。‎ ‎7．that　‎ 解析：考查强调句。句意：福建省的福建船政学堂建立的时间是1866年。强调句的基本格式为：“It is (was)．..that...”。故填that。‎ ‎8．talented　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。句意：1978年，改革开放政策实施后使得有才能技师的短缺问题更加明显。此处作定语修饰technicians，故填talented。‎ ‎9．has_received　‎ 解析：考查动词的时态。由句中的recently可以确定这句话时态为现在完成时。主语technical education是第三人称单数。故填has received。‎ ‎10．to　‎ 解析：考查介词。句意：每年，超过1亿的人接受技术教育和培训。“access to”为固定搭配，意为“去……的通路，使用……的机会(权利)”。故填to。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 Last summer，I went camping with my family.We were going boating，and it is my very first time.It was one of the scariest thing I've ever experienced，so I still tried to think positively.Once I got in the boat，it rocked from side to side such much.Every time it was moved，I thought I was going to fall into the river.That wasn't the only frightened thing.There were thousands fish in the lake.Thankful，they were not as scary as they looked.After calming down and learned some actual skills，I started really enjoying myself.I cannot wait to going again this summer.‎ 答案