2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题词法篇—名词、形容词和副词课件（148张）

2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题词法篇—名词、形容词和副词课件（148张）

　 词法 篇 — 名词、形容词和副词 2019 届二轮复习语法 专题 经典品味 　 洞察考向 专题精析 　 考点突破 内容索引 精选模拟 　 强化训练 经典品味　洞察考向 few 用来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为 days 。 every few days 每隔几天。 考点一　名词 Ⅰ . 语法填空考点聚焦 考向 1 　名词的单复数 1.The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle- fed ， the other is with mum—she never suspects .( 2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 典题 试做 days 答案 解析 根据后面的谓语动词 show 可知，主语应该是复数形式。 2.Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 studies 句意为：任何气味都可能引来天敌 —— 它们会吃掉熊猫宝宝的。天敌不止一个，故用复数形式 enemies 。 3.Any smell might attract natural ( enemy) that would try to eat the little panda.(2016· 四川 ) 答案 解析 enemies many 用于修饰可数名词复数，故填该名词的复数形式 paintings 。 4.I ’ d skipped nearby Guilin ， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese (painting ). ( 2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 paintings 空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用名词形式。 考向 2 　词形变换之名词 1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires ， Asia ’ s biggest building ， and fancy new hotels . But for tourists like me ， pandas are its top (attract ).( 2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 attraction 介词 of 后要用名词作宾语。固定表达 a sense of achievement 成就感。 2.Then ， handle the most important tasks first so you ’ ll feel a real sense of (achieve).(2016· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 achievement 空前有冠词，此处应用名词作动词的宾语。 3.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius ， who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. ， influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 development 形容词性物主代词 their 之后应当用名词，故将 able 转化为其名词形式 ability 。 4.In addition to their simple beauty ， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “ air condition ” a house without using electric equipment.(2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 ability 考查名词作表语。由句意 “ 他成功的关键是诚信 ” 可知应当用名词形式。 Ⅱ . 短文改错考点聚焦 ( 每小题 1 处错误 ) 考向 1 　形容词或动词与名词词性混淆 1.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 honesty 定冠词 the 后面应跟名词形式，故 grow 应改为 growth 。 2.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013· 新课标全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 growth 在形容词性物主代词后应用名词，所以应把 healthy 改为 health 。 3.He has ruined his healthy.(2013· 辽宁 ) 答案 解析 health knowledge 为不可数名词，没有复数形式。 考向 2 　不可数名词与可数名词单复数形式错误 1.If we go on a trip abroad ， we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.(2016· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 knowledge 2.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . ( 2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 此处指 13 ～ 19 岁的年龄，故用复数。 答案 解析 years 3.Mom has a full -ime job ， but she has to do most of the houseworks . ( 2016· 四川 ) housework 是不可数名词，没有复数形式。 答案 解析 housework 4.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 由后面的定语从句 we breathe in 可知，此处先行词的意思是 “ 空气 ” ， air 当 “ 空气 ” 讲时为不可数名词。故 airs 改为 air 。 答案 解析 air 5.As I told you last time ， I made three new friend here.(2015· 四川 ) 名词 friend 为可数名词，其前有 three 修饰，需要用复数形式，故把 friend 改成 friends 。 答案 解析 friends 6.My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2015· 浙江 ) 前面有 three 修饰，故 side 要用复数形式 sides 。 sides 答案 解析 考向 3 　修饰词的使用错误 1. Much rare animals are dying out.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) animals 为可数名词复数形式，所以用 many 修饰； much 只能修饰不可数名词。故将 Much 改为 Many 。 Many 答案 解析 2.We don ’ t need to do so many homework .(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅱ ) homework 是不可数名词，修饰不可数名词用 much 不用 many 。 much 答案 解析 考向 4 　名词所有格的使用错误 When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes . (2011 · 新课标全国 ) 根据句意可知，当我最后到达 “ 我朋友的家 ” (my friend ’ s) 时，他借给我许多衣服。故 friend 应改为 friend ’ s 。 friend’s 答案 解析 空格处修饰名词 mother ，故用形容词。 care 的形容词是 caring( 照料他人的 ) 或 careful( 细心的 ) 。在此，两个形容词在语意上都能讲得通。 考点二　形容词 Ⅰ . 语法填空考点聚焦 考向 1 　词形变换之形容词 1.She was a very _____________ ( care) mother . For 25 days ， she never left her baby ， not even to find something to eat ！ She would not let any other pandas come near . She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean . ( 2016· 四川 ) 答案 解析 caring/careful 修饰名词 architects ，故要用形容词形式。 2.As (nature) architects ， the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 natural 此处 用形容词修饰名词 stories 。 amaze 的形容词有两个： amazing 令人惊讶的，令人吃惊的，一般主语为物； amazed 吃惊的，惊奇的，一般主语为人。修饰物 (stories) 当然用 amazing 。 3.While there are (1) (amaze) stories of instant transformation ， for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work ， like cleaning up a polluted river . Just be (2) ( patience ). ( 2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) patient 答案 解析 amazing 答案 解析 此处 用形容词作 be 的表语。名词 patience( 耐心 ) 的形容词形式是 patient( 有耐心的 ) 。 本句的主语是 some of them ，此处 and 连接两个并列成分，再结合前面的形容词 anxious 可知，此处也应该填一个形容词。故此处用 disappointed 表示 “ 他们中有些人感到失望 ” 。 4.There were many people waiting at the bus stop ， and some of them looked very anxious and ( disappoint).(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 disappointed become 是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语。名词 pain 的形容词形式是 painful 。 5.I cannot control my body well . My legs become ( pain ). ( 2014· 辽宁 ) 答案 解析 painful 考向 2 　形容词的比较等级 1.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work ， you should take a step back and identify( 识别 ) those of ( great) and less importance . ( 2016· 全国 Ⅱ ) 根据后面的 and less 可知，此处也要用比较级形式。 答案 解析 greater 2.Finally ， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ( clean) than ever.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) 从后面的 than 可知此处要用比较级，因此要用 cleaner 。 答案 解析 cleaner Ⅱ . 短文改错考点聚焦 ( 每小题 1 处错误 ) 考向 1 　副词与形容词词性混淆 1.At one time ， I even felt my parents couldn ’ t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 此处应用形容词作表语。 答案 解析 free 2.Lots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 名词前应该用形容词作定语。故 seriously 应改为 serious 。 答案 解析 serious 3.I thought the biscuits were really well.(2015· 陕西 ) 本句句意为：我认为饼干真的很好。 good 作形容词，意为 “ 好的 ” ，而 well 作形容词意为 “ 健康的，适宜的 ” 。由句意可知此处应用 good 。 答案 解析 good 4.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅱ ) 由 and 连接两个并列成分可知， helpful 与 kind 为形容词作表语。 答案 解析 helpful 考向 2 　形容词的比较等级的使用错误 1.They were also the best and worse years in my life.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 与前面的 best 并列，此处应用最高级。 答案 解析 worst 2.The dishes that I cooked were Mom ’ s favoritest.(2016· 四川 ) favorite 没有比较级和最高级。 答案 解析 favorite 3.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world ， so I decided to ask her for help.(2015· 陕西 ) 后面有表示范围的 in the world ，所以应该用形容词的最高级。故 better 改为 best 。 答案 解析 best 考向 3 　名词或动词与形容词词性混淆 1.The fruits are small in size ， but juicy and taste.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) 句中的 small ， juicy 与 taste 并列，所以应该都用形容词，故将 taste 改为 tasty 。 答案 解析 tasty 2.I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.(2014· 浙江 ) 由 and 连接两个并列成分， 词性要一致，及后面的 filled 可知，要将 noise 改为 noisy 。 答案 解析 noisy 考点三　副词 Ⅰ . 语法填空考点聚焦 考向 1 　修饰动词 ( 短语 ) 的副词 1.From tomorrow ， I will be their UK ambassador . The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 修饰谓语动词应当用副词。 答案 解析 officially 此处应用副词修饰动词。 2.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _________ ( gradual) turned into chopsticks.(2016· 全国 Ⅲ ) 答案 解析 gradually 空格处修饰动词短语 had a chance ，应用副词。 recent 的副词是 recently 。 3.The giant panda is loved by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists ( recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016· 四川 ) 答案 解析 recently 空格处修饰谓语动词 arrange ，要用其副词形式。故填 regularly 。 4.Abercrombie & Kent ， a travel company in Hong Kong ， says it _________ ( regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015· 全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 regularly 由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词 give out ，因此要用副词形式。 5.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ( slow)during cool nights ， thus warming the house .( 2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 slowly 空格处修饰动词 caught 和 burned ，故用副词形式 actually 。 6.The river was so polluted that it (actual ) caught fire and burned.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) 答案 解析 actually 由空格后面的动词 became 可知，此处应用 sudden 的副词形式来修饰动词，因此填 suddenly 。 7.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done ， and the crowd of strangers ( sudden) became friendly to one another.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅱ ) 答案 解析 suddenly 句意为：幸运的是，他还有一头奶牛，每天都能产奶。 luckily 副词， 幸运的是，这里用副词形式修饰整个句子。 考向 2 　修饰句子以及修饰形容词的副词 1.He owned a farm ， which looked almost abandoned. ( lucky) ， he also had a cow which produced milk every day . ( 2015· 广东 ) 答案 解析 Luckily 此处是动词转换为副词。 helpful 为形容词，要由副词来修饰。 surprise 先转换成形容词 surprising ，再转换成副词 surprisingly 。 2.When we were wondering what to do ， the manager came out . She was _______ ( surprise) helpful.(2014· 广东 ) 答案 解析 surprisingly 由 had made 可知该动作发生在到达旅馆之前，故应该是早在六个月之前我们就已经预订了，故用比较级 earlier 。 考向 3 　副词的比较等级 1.After our plane landed ， we went to the hotel . We had made our reservation six months ______ ( early) ， but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.(2014· 广东 ) 答案 解析 earlier 这里是 “ the ＋比较级 ... ， the ＋比较级 ... ” 句式，表示 “ 越 …… 就越 ……” 。故填 harder 。 2.The (hard) you try to beat him ， the more likely you will get hit.(2014· 辽宁 ) 答案 解析 harder Ⅱ . 短文改错考点聚焦 ( 每小题 1 处错误 ) 考向 1 　形容词与副词词性混淆 1.Instead ， he hopes that his business will grow steady.(2016· 全国 Ⅰ ) 修饰谓语动词用副词。 答案 解析 steadily 2.Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) worried 为形容词化了的过去分词，修饰形容词应该用副词，所以将 terrible 改为 terribly 。 答案 解析 terribly 3.On the left- hand side of the class ， I could easy see the football field . ( 2015· 浙江 ) 修饰动词 see 要用副词，故将 easy 改为 easily 。 答案 解析 easily 考向 2 　易混淆副词的错用 1.When I was a very young child ， my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.(2016· 浙江 ) late 是形容词 “ 迟的 ” ，或副词 “ 迟地 ” ，但是 “ 一段时间后面应该接 later ” ，表示 “…… 时间以后 ” 。故 late 改成 later 。 答案 解析 later 2.Nearly five years before ， and with the help of our father ， my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes( 圣女果 ) in our back garden . ( 2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) 相对于说话时以前用 ago ；相对于过去的某个时间或动作之前才用 before 。故 before 改为 ago 。 答案 解析 ago 3.As a result ， the plants are growing somewhere.(2014· 新课标全国 Ⅰ ) somewhere 意为 “ 某处 ” ，而句意为 “ 植物到处生长 ” ，故 somewhere 应改为 everywhere 。 答案 解析 everywhere 考向 3 　特殊结构中的副词错用 He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop . ( 2015· 全国 Ⅱ ) 此处为 so...that... 句式，所以 much 前用副词 so 修饰。故删除 very 。 答案 解析 一、名词、形容词和副词在语法填空中的考查 在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词形变换；形容词和副词相关的词形变换以及形容词和副词的比较等级考查较为频繁 。 完全 解读 应对策略 1. 首先要弄清名词的数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词形变换。 2 . 作表语 ( 系动词之后 ) 、定语 ( 修饰名词 ) 或宾语补足语 ( 表性质状态 ) 时，通常用形容词形式。注意常考动词分词的形容词化，其形容词的形式有： -ing 结尾的和 -ed 结尾的两种。 3. 若括号中所给的是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较等级或最高级；注意 than 或比较级的修饰词等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；其次还要注意一些特殊句式，如： the ＋比较级 ... ， the ＋比较级 ... ， “ 否定词 (can ’ t/couldn ’ t) ＋比较级 ” 表示最高级等 。 二、名词、形容词和副词在短文改错中的考查 短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格；其次名词的考查还会涉及词形变换方面的错误。对于形容词和副词的考查主要涉及词性混乱或错用 ( 含 - ed 形容词与 -ing 形容词之间的误用 ) 、修饰词错用或多余以及比较等级的误用等方面 。 应对策略 1. 遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。 2. 对于形容词和副词的考查，注意以下几点： (1) 作定语、表语、补语，用形容词； (2) 作状语，修饰动词、形容词、全句，用副词； (3) 注意比较级与最高级的比较对象或范围；单音节形容词的比较级前，不可再加 more ； (4) 注意 many ， much ， (a) few ， (a) little ； very ， so ， (n)ever ， hardly 等修饰词的用法。 专题精析　考点突破 专题 2 　形容词和副词 专题 1 　 名词 专题 1 　名词 ◆ 名词的分类 普通名词 可数 名词 个体名词 表示单个人或物的名词 集体名词 表示若干个人或物的名词 不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词 抽象名词 表示性质、状态、行为、情感、心理等抽象概念的名词 专有名词 表示洲、国、地、人名等 表示团体、机构、组织、节日、报刊、朝代等的名称 ◆ 名词的核心考点 1. 可数名词的数 这里主要讲其不规则变化。 (1) 单、复数同形。如： means ， aircraft ， deer ， fish ， Chinese ， Japanese ， sheep ， works( 工厂 ) 。 (2) 合成名词的复数。如： boyfriend → boyfriends ， go -between → go-betweens ( 中间人 ) ， grown -up → grown- ups 。 (3) 只有复数形式的名词。此类名词往往以复数形式出现，表示 “ 衣服 ” 、 “ 工具 ” 等的总称，不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能加不定冠词 a /an ，但可以用 a pair of/two pairs of ， many 等修饰。如： clothes 衣服 ， tights 紧身裤， jeans 牛仔裤， pajamas 睡衣， pants( 长 ) 裤子， shorts 短裤， socks 短袜， stockings 长袜， trousers 裤子， glasses 眼镜， chopsticks 筷子， compasses 圆规， pincers 钳子， scissors 剪刀， scales 天平等；另外一类总是以复数形式出现，但不能用具体的数字修饰，也不能用 a/an ， a pair of 等修饰，只能用 many ， a great many, a lot of 等修饰。如： belongings 所有物， congratulations 祝贺， contents 目录， earnings 收入， fireworks 烟火， goods 商品， leavings 剩余物， pains 辛劳， spirits 情绪， savings 积蓄， stairs 楼梯， surroundings 环境， wages 工资， arms 武器等 。 (4) 集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如： people ， cattle ， police ；有些名词只用作单数，如： machinery ， furniture ， mankind ， jewellery ；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如： The crew is large. 船员人数很多 ( 指整体 ) 。 The crew are all tired. 船员们都累坏了 ( 指个体 ) 。 2. 不可数名词的数 (1) 一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下 ： ① 抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。 抽象名词 ( 不可数 ) 具体化 ( 表达个体概念时，是可数名词 ) in surprise 惊讶地 a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事 win success 获得成功 a success 一个 ( 件 ) 成功的人 ( 事 ) win honour 赢得荣誉 an honour 一个 ( 件 ) 引起尊敬的人 ( 事 ) failure 失败 a failure 一个失败者 / 一件失败的事 by experience 靠经验 an experience 一次经历 with pleasure 乐意 a pleasure 一件乐事 ② 抽象名词与 a(n) 连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。 A knowledge of English is a must in international trade. Would you like to have a walk (swim ， bath ， talk) with me? It is a waste of time reading such a novel. She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings . ( 2) 有些物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类时，可以用作可数名词。 如： some coffee 一些咖啡， a coffee 一杯咖啡， three coffees 三杯咖啡； some drink 一些饮料， a drink 一杯饮料， three drinks 三杯饮料； his hair 他的头发， a few grey hairs 几根白发； glass 玻璃， a glass 一只玻璃杯 。 3. 名词所有格 (1)- ’ s 所有格 the boy ’ s mother ， the children ’ s toys ， the teachers ’ books ， Lucy and Lily ’ s bedroom( 共用 ) ， Lucy ’ s and Lily ’ s bedrooms( 各自的 ) (2) “ of ＋名词 ” 所有格 the roof of the house ， the cover of the book ， the name of the girl ， a picture of my father (3) 双重所有格 a friend of my brother ’ s( ＝ one of my brother ’ s friends) ， a picture of my father ’ s( ＝ one of my father ’ s pictures) (4)- ’ s 所有格的特殊表示形式有： ① 用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如： Tom ’ s home ， the doctor ’ s ， the company ’ s new factory 等。 ② 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如： today ’ s newspaper ， five minutes ’ walk(drive) ， five pounds ’ weight ， ten dollars ’ worth of coffee 。 ③ 用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如： the world ’ s population ， China ’ s industry ， New York ’ s parks 。 (5) 所有格的句法功能 ① 表所有关系 Jack ’ s brother ② 表主谓关系 Mr Wang ’ s praise ③ 表动宾关系 the famous star ’ s admirers ④ 表修饰关系 a doctor ’ s degree ⑤ 表同位关系 ( 只用 of 所有格 )the city of Beijing 4. 名词的功能 (1) 可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语 Mary is to meet you at the airport. My brother is a worker. He bought a new book. We made him monitor of our class . (2) 作定语 英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词 。 ① 分类意义 air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友 coffee cup 咖啡杯 body language 身体语言 road accident 交通事故 the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 ② 时间、地点、称呼等 Doctor Jack 杰克医生 Professor Li 李教授 evening school 夜校 winter sleep 冬眠 ③ 表目的、来源、材料、所属意义 reception desk 接待台 sports field 田径场 stone table 石桌 color TV 彩电 ( 3) 作状语 名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。 The war lasted eight years. (4) 作同位语 Tom ， our monitor ， left school last year. Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.He had witnessed too many ( die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier ， in which 40,000 people were killed ， wounded or missing. 2. Apple ’ s new machine ， the Lisa ， proved to be an expensive ______ ( fail). 3.I ran into my neighbor ， Dennis ， yesterday afternoon . He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater . He had season tickets but couldn ’ t go to this ( perform). deaths failure performance 题组训练 4.Tourism should also advance the wealth and ( happy) of local inhabitants. 5.These people have made great ( contribute ) to China with their work. 6.They get advice from “________ ( strange) ”. When they need advice ， they don ’ t usually go to people they know. 7.My first ( impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. happiness contributions strangers impression 8.Those who suffer from headache will find they get ( relieve) from this medicine. 9.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? — Well ， you know ， English is my ( strong).So it is my best choice. 10.I made a ( decide) to look at the flight monitors to see if there was an earlier flight to San Francisco. relief strength decision Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题 1 处错误 ) 1.Within the next few minute ， my grandfather also caught a fish. 2.You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. 3.Mom ， I know I have never expressed my thank to you before . 4.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices ， and we enjoyed several local dish . minutes names thanks dishes 5.Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home. 6.From the time I was about four until I was about six ， I destroyed each of my toy. 7.We ， as well as animal ， cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it. 8.In early January this year ， the rate of UFO reports was steady ， around three per weeks. electricity toys animals week 9.Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work. 10.I felt very strange to travel without any luggages. trouble luggage Ⅲ . 语法填空 ( 名词专练 ) Born on August 23,1988 in America ， Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a professional basketball 1 . ( play) with the Huston Rockets 2 . the National Basketball Association (NBA).But ， to some degree ， many Chinese fans and 3 . ( coach) take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him as 4 . Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. player of coaches a Jeremy Lin has recently become 5 . success and attracted the world ’ s attention ， which gives Chinese people a lot of 6. ___________ (imagine ) and 7 . ( proud).As we know ， in most 8 . _________ ( people) eyes ， Jeremy is a miracle . In June,2012 ， when Jeremy took his third trip to China ， a large crowd came to meet him ， among whom there were various fans including some 9 . ( family) ， some children and even some 10. ______ (woman ) players . a imagination pride people ’ s families women ◆ 书面表达中名词易错点聚焦 1. 书面表达中对于复数名词易疏漏 -s 或 -es ( 误 )I ’ d love to make friend with you. ( 误 )All the picture displayed are of great value. 2. 部分名词的复数变化错误 如： familys ， knifes ， difficultys ， pianoes ， heros ， woman doctors ， tooths ， childrens ， medias 。 3. 部分词性易混作名词 动词误作名词 形容词误作名词 动词 名词 形容词 名词 succeed success honest honesty affect effect healthy health 4. 可数与不可数名词混淆 不可数 可数 take action take measures some advice some suggestions take exercise eye exercises make progress make mistakes information contributions 专题 2 　形容词和副词 ◆ 形容词和副词的功能 1. 形容词的功能：形容词主要是用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质、特征、状态，在句中： ① 作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等； ② 作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征； ③ 作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征 ； ④ 作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。 ⑤ 作独立成分 。 2. 副词的功能：副词作状语说明动作性质或状态的特征，常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语及整个句子等 。 ◆ 形容词和副词的核心考点 1. 形容词和副词的位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则是用来修饰形容词、动词、其他副词或者句子的，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记： (1) 形容词短语作定语，须后置。 a task difficult to finish (2) 表语形容词 (afraid ， alike ， alone ， asleep ， awake ， alive 等 ) 作定语，须后置，如 a man alive 。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如 well ， faint ， ill 只作表语； sick 既可作表语又可作定语。 ill 如果不是表示身体或精神上 “ 不适的 ”“ 不健康的 ”“ 有病的 ” 等，而是表示类似 bad( 不好的 ) 的意思时，通常只作定语。 He ’ s been ill since then. By ill luck ， my flight had been cancelled. ( 3) 形容词用作定语，修饰由不定代词 one ， no ， any ， some 和 every 构成的复合词如 anything ， something 等时，通常后置。 I have something important to tell you . (4)else 常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。 (5)enough 修饰名词前置或后置均可；修饰形容词、动词或副词时，必须后置 。 ( 6) 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式 → 地点 → 时间。 We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday. (7) 频度副词如 often ， always ， usually 等放在 be 动词后，行为动词前。 (8) 副词作定语，须后置。 The person there is waiting for you. (9) 几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词 ( 包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等 ) ＋观点词 ( 品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词 ) ＋形状或样式词 ( 大小、长短或高低词 ) ＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。 a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella (10) 以 - ly 结尾的词性辨析。 ① 下列单词 以 - ly 结尾，但却是形容词而非副词： lively ， lonely ， lovely ， deadly ， friendly ， ugly ， silly ， likely ， brotherly ， timely 等。 ② 表原意 ( 无 -ly) 和引申意 ( 有 -ly) 的副词： deep 深 deeply 深入地 wide 宽广 widely 广泛地 high 高 highly 高度地 low 位置 低 lowly 地位卑微 ③ 有无 -ly 意义大不相同的副词： dead 完全， 绝对 be dead asleep deadly 非常 be deadly tired pretty 相当 be pretty certain that ... prettily 漂亮 地 be prettily dressed close 近 Don ’ t sit close. closely 密切 地 Watch closely ！ late 晚， 迟 arrive late ， come late lately 最近 I haven ’ t seen him lately. 2. 形容词和副词的比较等级 (1) 原级的构成和用法。 构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。 用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用 “ as ＋原级形容词 / 副词＋ as” 的结构；表示双方不相等时，用 “ not so/as ＋原级形容词 / 副词 ＋ as ” 的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用 “ 倍数 ＋ as ＋ 原级形容词 / 副词＋ as ” 的结构 。 Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu. This building looks not so/as high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. This room is three times as large as that one. (2) 比较级和最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 (3) 比较级的用法。 ① 表示一方超过另一方时，用 “ 比较级＋ than ” 的结构表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. ② 表示一方不及另一方时，用 “ less ＋原级＋ than ” 的结构表示。 This room is less beautiful than that one. ③ 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如 even ， a lot ， a bit ， a little ， still ， much ， far ， yet ， by far 等修饰。 He works even harder than before . 注意： (A) 英语的比较级前如无 even ， still 或 yet 等时，译成汉语时可用 “ 较 ” 或 “…… 一些 ” 或不译出，一般不可用 “ 更 ” 。 She is better than she was yesterday . 她 今天身体好些了。 Please come earlier tomorrow . 请 明天早点来。 (B)by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加 “ the ” 。 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers . ④ 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用 “ the ＋比较级 ( 主语＋谓语 ) ， the ＋比较级 ( 主语＋谓语 ) ” 的结构 ( 意为 “ 越 …… 就越 ……” ) 。 The harder he works ， the happier he feels. ⑤ 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用 “ 比较级＋ and ＋比较级 ” 的结构。 The weather is getting colder and colder. ⑥ 某些 以 - ior 结尾的形容词进行比较时，用 to 代替 than 。这些词有 inferior( 劣等的，次的 ) ， superior( 较好的，优于 …… ) ， junior( 资历较浅的 ) ， senior( 资格较老的 ) ， prior( 在 …… 之前 ) 等。 He is superior to Mr . Zhang in chemistry . ⑦ 在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用 that(those) ， one(ones) 代替前面出现的名词。 that 指物， one 既可指人又可指物。 that 可代替单数可数名词和不可数名词，而 one 只能代替可数名词 。 The book on the table is more interesting than that( 或 the one) on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood . ⑧ 倍数表达法。 (A)A is three(four ， etc.) times the size(height ， length ， etc.) of B. The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one. (B)A is three(four ， etc.) times as big(high ， long ， etc.) as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe . (C)A is three(four ， etc.) times bigger(higher ， longer ， etc.) than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 注意： 用 times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用 twice 或 double 。 ( 4) 最高级的用法。 ① 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用 “ the ＋最高级 ” 的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the) hardest in his class. ② 最高级可被序数词以及 much ， by far ， nearly ， almost ， by no means ， not quite ， not really 等词语所修饰。 This hat is by fa r/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite the biggest . ③ 表示 “ 最高程度 ” 的形容词，如 excellent ， extreme ， perfect 等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 ④ 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。 He is the tallest (boy) in his class. ⑤ 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。 Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑥ 否定词＋比较级＝最高级 He has never spent a more worrying day. (5) 形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 ① 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 ② 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示 “ 非常 ” 。 He is a most clever young policeman.(a most ＝ very) The film is most interesting.(most ＝ very) ③ 表示两者间 “ 较 …… 的一个 ” ，比较级前加 the 。 Who is the older of the two boys? ④ 在 “ the ＋比较级 ... ， the ＋比较级 ... ” 结构中，可用省略形式。 The more ， the better. (6) 由 as 组成的形容词或副词短语。 ① as much as ＋不可数名词　数量多达 …… Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as 100 dollars a week. ② as many as ＋可数名词　数量多达 …… I have as many as sixteen reference books. ③ as early as 早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island . ④ as far as 远到；就 …… 而知 ( 论 ) We might go as far as( 远到 ) the church and back. As far as I know( 就我所知 ) ， he has been there before. ⑤ may(might ， could) as well 不妨，不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. ⑥ as...as one can 尽某人所能的 …… He began to run ， as fast as he could. ⑦ as...as possible 尽可能 …… 的 Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible. 3. 几组重要的词语辨析 (1)very 和 much 的区别。 ① 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用 very 不用 much 。 ② 表示状态的分词形容词前用 very 。如 a very frightened boy ， a very tired child ， a very complicated problem 。一般情况下， 以 - ing ， - ed 结尾的分词形容词多用 much ， very much/greatly 等修饰。 We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack ’ s attitude. ③ 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用 very 。如： very interesting/worrying/ exciting 。 ④ too 前用 much ， a lot 或 far ，不用 very 。如： You are much /far/a lot too nice. 另外，在 too many/much ， too few/little 前可用 far 。 There’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days. We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg c ups. ⑤ 关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构： (A) 修饰 “ 绝对 ” 意义的形容词，一般不用 very ，而用 quite ， completely ， well ， entirely 。如： quite wrong(mistaken ， sure) ， completely dead ， quite impossible ， quite perfect 等。 (B) 修饰以 a- 开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词： quite alone ， very much alone ， wide awake ， fast asleep ， very much afraid 。 (C) 修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有： be well worth ， much the same ， freezing cold ， quite different ， terribly cold/frightening 。 (2)so...that... 与 such...that... 的区别。 so ＋形容词 / 副词＋ that ... so ＋形容词＋ a ( n ) ＋可数名词单数＋ that ... so ＋ many/few ＋复数名词＋ that ... so ＋ much/little ( 少 ) ＋不可数名词＋ that... such ＋ a ( n ) ＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋ that ... such ＋形容词＋不可数名词＋ that ... such ＋形容词＋复数名词＋ that... 注意： 下列结构中只能用 so 不可用 such ，当名词前有 many ， much ， little ， few 等表示 “ 多、少 ” 的词修饰时，如 so much progress ， so many people ， so little food ， so few apples 等。但当 little 表示 “ 小 ” 时用 such 。如： These are such little boys that they can ’ t dress themselves. 下列短语中 so 的用法是错误的： so a difficult problem ， so difficult problems ， so hot weather 。 (3) 其他几组词的辨析。 ① ago ， before ： ago 表示以现在为起点的 “ 以前 ” ； before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的 “ 以前 ” 。泛指 “ 以前 ” 用 before 而不用 ago 。 ② already ， yet ， still ： already 表示某事已经发生； yet 表示期待某事发生； still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 ③ too ， also ， either ： too 和 also 用于肯定句， too 多用于口语， also 多用于书面语； either 用于否定句。 ④ good ， well ：与 good 不同的是， well 作形容词用，只能在系动词后作表语，表示 “ 身体状况好 ” ； well 还可作副词修饰动词。 ⑤ quick ， fast ：作形容词皆表示 “ 快 ” 。 fast 多指运动的物体，含持续的意思； quick 多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而且持续的时间较短。 ⑥ real ， true ：作形容词皆表示 “ 真的 ” 。 real 强调真实存在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语； true 指与事实标准和实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。 ⑦ hard ， difficult ：均表示 “ 困难 ” ，但 hard 通常指体力上困难； difficult 则指智力或技能上的困难，困难程度大于 hard 。它们都可作定语和表语。 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1.He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was ( health). 2.It might have made it a little ( hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ， but that didn ’ t stop the kids in the class. 3.Lost in the tune ， he came suddenly upon a ( home) beggar lying in the midst of the sidewalk . He reached down ， touched the beggar ’ s cheek ， and left a 100- dollar bill to him. healthy harder homeless 题组训练 4.The more we do for the people ， the ( happy) we ’ ll be. 5.The lyrics of the songs make rap music ( true) unique. 6.Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple ______ ( violence) action . 7.They were ( clear) long-standing customers ， and I suppose they must have stayed ( faith) to him because he had promised to sell fruit of good quality. 8.The conclusions are contained in the agency ’ s ( late) report . happier truly violent clearly faithful latest 9.The teacher replied ， “ You tasted the water . I tasted the gift . The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love . Nothing could be ( sweet ). ” 10.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt ( please) ， because there were many empty seats in the room . sweeter pleased Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题 1 处错误 ) 1.That is too much for us ， considering how closely the houses are. 2.Don ’ t panic or get out of line ， and try to remain quiet and calmly. 3.Beside ， Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day . 4.No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before . close calm Besides previously 5.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. 6.I remember my grandfather very much. 7.To make matters bad ， now I have to share a room with my younger sister ， Maggie. 8.I am awfully tiring ， but I know I ’ ll never fall asleep. immediately well/clearly worse tired 9.Today we had a chemistry test . I found the test difficulty ， but I tried hard to do it. 10.After waiting for about half an hour ， I was beginning to get impatiently. difficult impatient Ⅲ . 语法填空 ( 形容词和副词专练 ) I don ’ t think there is much 1 . ( difficult) in learning English well ， because as long as you master the method and work hard ， you can make progress 2 . ______ ( rapid).I believe that the 3 . ( hard) you work at your study ， the greater progress you will make.For example ， Li Ping ， a friend of mine ， is the 4 . hardworking student in our class ， and he gets 5 . ( high) marks than any other student in our class in every English test. difficulty rapidly harder most higher Led by him ， all the students in our class are studying English harder 6 . ____ before.As a result ， in the 7 . _____ ( late) English test ， our class was the 8 . ( good) of the two key classes in our school ， and the number of students who got excellent marks is twice 9 . ( large) than that of the other.10 . ， all of us should study hard no matter what we learn. than latest better larger Therefore ◆ 书面表达中形容词与副词易错点聚焦 1. 搭配错误 ( 误 ) Judging from his sadly face ... ( 正 ) Judging from his sad face... ( 误 ) Little Tom felt very sadly . ( 正 ) Little Tom felt very sad . ( 误 ) You will get warm welcomed . ( 正 ) You will get warmly welcomed. 2. 汉语干扰，词性混乱 (1) 形容词误作动词 ( 误 )He eager to know everything about China. ( 正 )He is eager to know everything about China. (2) 形容词与名词混淆 ( 误 )The sport teaches us the important of obedience. ( 正 )The sport teaches us the importance of obedience. (3) 形容词与副词混淆 ( 误 ) Unfortunate ， many people are ignorant of it. ( 正 ) Unfortunately ， many people are ignorant of it. 3. 比较级的错误表达 ( 误 )The sea level is rising more and more high . ( 误 )The sea level is rising more and more higher . ( 正 )The sea level is rising higher and higher . 精选模拟　强化训练 Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 ( 一 ) 1.You could also visit ( equal) interesting but less known places instead. 2. We reached an audience of nearly 4,000 and the ____________ ( participate) of more than 50 different children performance groups ， including more than 800 children. 3.There is a famous ( say) “ Good habits lead to good endings ” ， which shows the importance of habits . equally participation saying 4.He saved a ( terrify) boy from a black bog( 沼泽 ) by accident. 5.The ( protect) and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects all the people and economic development throughout the world. 6.For several weeks ， Mrs . Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky __________ ( housewife) like many of her friends. 7.In many parts of Europe ， August can be the ( hot) month of the year so if you ’ re going on holiday ， make sure you ’ re prepared . terrified protection housewives hottest 8.At the time ， I suppose ， I thought I was poor . Sometimes ， we don ’ t realize how ( fortune) we are ， do we? 9.Just imagine how terribly shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me . I had no other ( choose) ， though. 10.If we carry our burdens all the time ， sooner or later ， as the burden becomes ( increasing) heavy ， we won ’ t be able to carry on . 11.Little Tommy is really hard to deal with . You can ’ t find a ______ ( noisy) boy in the class . fortunate choice increasingly noisier 12.The way we cook is important . In many countries ， the two choices are ( nature) gas or electric-powered stoves. 13.It is natural that young people are often ( comfort) when they are with their parents. 14.With great ( satisfy) ， he soon fell asleep. 15.Disagreeing with the old proverb ， I believe that new friends are not __________ ( necessary) worse than old friends. natural comfortable satisfaction necessarily ( 二 ) 16. “ Reading for pleasure ” plays a more important role in one ’ s _______ ( grow) than one ’ s family background. 17.Actually ， only proper amount of homework in proper form is _________ (accept) ； some homework may not only fail to help the students ， but on the contrary bore them so much that they may lose their interest in studying. 18.Then as the other students marched to their classrooms ， our headmaster called me . The next forty -five minutes was one of ________ ________ (precious) moments in my life. growth acceptable the most precious 19.It was a bad night for Louis . His research in the neighboring town took ______ ( long) than he had expected. 20.During national holidays ， famous landmarks and tourist __________ ( attract) in China are usually very crowded. 21.Honesty gives us much ( free). 22.As I walked ， I looked up ， trying to realize what made this day so ________ ( beauty ). 23.Some professor says “ a naked marriage ” is in sharp contrast with China ’ s ( tradition) marriage customs . longer attractions freedom beautiful traditional 24.If they have been caught several times playing video games at work ， their salary may be cut ， and even ( bad) ， they may lose their jobs. 25.He sat down and started ( gentle) talking to the dog. worse gently Ⅱ . 单句改错 ( 每小题 1 处错误 ) ( 一 ) 1.I was touched by the kindly behavior of the doctor. 2.Since people from different part of the world have different values ， it ’ s necessary to learn from each other. 3.I ’ m not doing well in my lessons at school ， especial in maths. kind parts especially 4.The mostly important is that pets can spread some diseases and this has attracted much attention. 5.Above all ， we must be honestly and reliable in our daily life. 6.I think the driver there drive too fast in the street. 7.We can also form a good habit of putting rubbishes into trashcans. most honest drivers rubbish 8.First of all ， some of the students complained that they have too much homework ， resulting in less time to take exercise. Beside ， some of them think that it is very difficult for them to keep doing exercise ， because it is a very hard thing. 9.They appreciated my help greatly. Short after that ， the bus came and we waved goodbye to each other . Besides Shortly 10.Hearing that I had his wallet ， he sighed with relief and told me he would return right away.Ten minutes late ， the man arrived . 11. People here are usually friendly and helpfully ， but they are often in a hurry. 12.Besides ， it is a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs ， because by doing so you ’ ll learn and remember Chinese words more easy. 13.In fact ， I know that a few big company in our city hope to hire people like you . helpful easily companies later 14.I will probably study and live away from home during this time ， so I will have a lot more independent. 15.I want to have a pen friend ， hopefully a girl in her early twenties ， and with interests similarly to mine. independence similar 16.Hearing this ， the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red. 17.I gave him a hug and told him he had made my day ， either. 18.Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far ， I really appreciate your support. 19.Your problem is a common one among middle school students.Maybe the following advices can help you. deskmate’s too progress advice ( 二 ) 20.In the beginning ， he made a briefly speech to express his true love for the class and his wish for everlasting friendship with us. 21.And it is only recently that the technology to support such systems has become wide available. 22.Last weekend I visited my best friend in London ， which was supposed to be excited . brief widely exciting 23.Because we sent her to the nearest hospital in time ， she was able to receive properly treatment . 24.According to a report ， the habitat of many wild animals and plant ， the Polar Bears included ， is threatened. 25.Now the certificate of the B Level is in front of me ， and I ’ ve realized that the process of learning is much important . proper plants ∧ more Ⅲ . 语法填空 (2017· 河北衡水中学联考 ) No one loves me more than my parents ， especially my father.My father is stout and strong,1 . a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes . At first sight you may feel him hard 2. ___ _________ ( approach).In fact ， he is very kind and considerate.I believe my father is a 3 . ( talent) man.He is decisive and efficient in doing things.By his own talents and years of efforts ， he 4 . ( provide) his family with a good social position and a 5 . ( relative) rich life . with to approach talented has provided relatively Besides ， he lives in harmony with others and never quarrels with anyone ， so people from all walks of life come to my house ， from 6. ______ I ’ ve gained lots of social experiences.But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high 7 . ( expect) of me.I can see that my idling away time 8 . ( hurt) him deeply ， while if I have done something great and meaningful ， such as 9 . ( write) a book ， he will be more excited than me.I always remind myself I must go on and on ， and never 10 . I give up halfway. whom expectations hurts writing shall/will Ⅳ . 短文改错 (2016· 安徽合肥质检 ) My school holds a sports meeting in every October.We all look forward to it ， for it is a time for us to reducing stress and it always brings us lots of unforgettable memories . It usually last for three days ， during which time we have no classes . All the student go to the playground to watch or joining in games.The part I like most is the relay race.With race going on ， reduce lasts students join ∧ the our excitement grows . All of them yell out “ come on ” to the athletes ， watching them competing aggressive.The most breathtaking moment is that the athletes are getting to the finishing line. Somebody can tell who is the winner until the last minute. us aggressively when Nobody 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录： www.91taoke.com