2018届二轮复习解答完形填空的三大命题策略课件（29张）

2018届二轮复习解答完形填空的三大命题策略课件（29张）

2018 届二轮复习完形填空专题 完形填空三大设题特点展现 词语同现、词语复现和逻辑推理是解答完形填空的三大策略，领会和掌握这三大策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率都大有裨益。 1 、词语同现 词语同现是指意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇上，构成了以某一话题为中心的词汇链，也有人称之为语义场。 解答完形填空的三大策略 2 、词语复现 词语复现指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词 ( 如 wrong, not correct ) 、上义词、下义词等方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子正通过这种复现关系以达到相互衔接。 3 、逻辑推理 在做完形填空时许多考生都会有这样的经历，即使他们对选项当中的每个词的意思都非常清楚，但得分不高。因为完形填空考查的是一种综合能力，不但是对词汇的考查，而且对句子间和上下文之间逻辑关系的推断也是完形填空考查的重点。其中逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。 [ 例 1] If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice. However, if you remove two, the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the _____between two and three. A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval 解析： C 通过对上文两个实验的对比，“从四个蛋中拿走一个，鸟儿不会注意到”和“从四个蛋中拿走两个，鸟儿就会发现”可推断出鸟儿是能知道“二”和“三”的区别，故选 C 。 C [ 例 2] For example, babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a ________group. But when the number goes beyond three or four, the children are often fooled. A. single B. small C. local D. new 解析： B 从表转折的连词 But 可知，上句和下句之间是转折关系，下句提到“当数量超过三或四时，孩子就往往被愚弄到”，换句话说“数量较少时，孩子会注意到了”，故选 B 。 B 请用上述三大策略解答下列各题。 1. (2013 全国 )Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets ________ him, especially those who are poor. A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after 解析： A ，逻辑推理。 从上文可知“ Greenberg 是一个很受欢迎的人”，可推断“街上的人都认识他”。故选 A 。 即学即用 2. (2013 全国 ) He looks like any other businessman, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase （公文箱） . But he’s ________. His briefcase always has some gloves. A. calm B. different C. crazy D. curious 解析： B ，逻辑推理。 上文提到 “他像其他商人一样，穿着西装，带着公文箱”，但是“公文箱里总是装着几双手套”，由此可推出他是不一样的。故选 B 。 3. (2013 全国 )A pair of gloves may be a _______ thing, but it can make a big difference in winter. small B. useful C. delightful D. comforting 解析： A ，逻辑推理。 由线索词 but 推出，这里应选与下文 big 相对应的 small 。故选 A 。 4. (2013 全国 ) In winter, Mr. Greenberg does not ________ like other New Yorkers, who look at the sidewalk and hurry down the street. A. act B. sound C. feel D. dress 解析： A ，上下义复现。 由下文 look at the sidewalk 和 hurry down the street 可知， look 和 hurry 属于个人的行为表现， 故选 A ， act 和 look, hurry 是上下义词复现。 5. (2013 全国 )It runs in the________. Michael’s father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier. A. city B. family C. neighborhood D. company 解析：选 B ，上下义复现。 选项中 family 是下文中提到 Michael’s father 的上义词，即上下义词复现，故选 B 。 6. (2013 江苏 )That was why she was alone on the ________, wearing an expensive swimsuit. It had taken a massive tantrum to get her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house … A. beach B. bed C. floor D. ship 解析： A ，词语同现。 下文所提到的“ swimsuit ”和“ beach-house ”与选项中的“ beach ”属于词语同现，故选 A 。 7. (2013 天津 ) His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ________, putting others first. A. careful B. regretful C. considerate D. humorous 解析： C ，近义复现。 与下文 putting others first 意义相近的应该是 considerate ，故选 C 。 8. (2013 山东 )When she died, I was ________, but I was also very grateful to her. A. homeless B. heartbroken C. bad-tempered D. hopeless 解析： B 词语同现。 上文提到的“ die ”与选项中的“ heartbroken ”词语同现，故选 B 。 9. (2013 重庆 ) On that afternoon, as the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts, dark clouds covered the sky, and the storm set in … Soon math time was followed by the time for (1) ________. All children naturally drew (2)________pictures on such a day. (1) A. class B. sports C. art D. tea (2) A. great B. dark C. different D. strange 解析：前空选 C ，词语复现。 下文中提到的“ drew picture” 与选项中的“ art” 属于词语复现，故选 C 。 后空选 B ，逻辑推理。 上文中的场景提到“ dark clouds covered the sky, and the storm set in ”，在这样的天气，孩子自然而然地会画出暗淡的图画。故选 B 。 10. (2013 山东 )I think my change started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my ________ and be left alone. A. balance B. homework C. degree D. interest 解析： C ， 词语同现。 由上文的场景 at Palomar College 可知，我只想取得自己的学位，词语同现。故选 C 。 11. (2013 山东 ) By the end of my first semester ， I was really________ . It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty 解析： B ， 逻辑推理。 由下文可知，每个人除了我都交上了朋友并玩得很开心，由此可推出我没有交上朋友，可见我是孤独的，故选 B 。 12. (2013 天津 ) When Joe was about to start school ， all signs pointed to success. Yet things turned out to be quite________ . A. unfair B. boring C. disappointing D. dangerous 解析： C ，逻辑推理。 由转折词 yet 推出，选项中 disappointing 与上文 success 相对应，故选 C 。 13. (2013 湖南 )When I was 8 years old ， I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase (1)____and some sandwiches in a bag ， I started for the front door and said to Mom ，“ I’m leaving. ” “ If you want to (2) _____ ， that’s all right ，” she said. (1) A. packed B. returned C. cleaned D. repaired (2) A. drop out B. go by C. move around D. run away 解析： (1) A ，逻辑推理。 由语境 run away from home 可知，我离家出走，肯定要打包行李。故选 A 。 (2) B ，逻辑推理。 上文提到“ run away ”，本空格属 于词语复现，故选 D 。 14. (2013 湖南 ) “ Wait a minute ，” Mom said. “ I want your _______ back. You didn’t wear anything when you arrived. ” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off — shoes ， socks ， underwear and all... A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase 解析： B ，原词复现。 下文提到 clothes ，本空格属于词语复现， 故选 B 。 15. (2013 湖南 ) I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly. “ Who’s there? ” I heard. “ It’s Billy! Let me in! ” The voice behind the _______answered ， “ Billy doesn’t live here anymore. He ran away from home. ” A. house B. tree C. door D. yard 解析： C ，原词复现。 上文提到了 door 有人敲门，接着就是门后的人回答，本空格属于词语复现。故选 C 。 16. (2013 天津 )His hands tell the story of his life as a______ ， including all his struggle... On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last order from the grocery. A. teacher B. gardener C. farmer D. grocer 解析： C ，逻辑推理。 由下文的场景 picking sweet corn 可知，爸爸是一个农民，故选 C 。 17. (2013 辽宁 )...and all of a sudden she saw an amazing _________. There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden. A. hill B. valley C. background D. sight 解析： D ，上下义复现。 选项当中的 sight 是下文提到的 valley ， house ， windows 的上义词，即是上下义词复现，故选 D 。 18.( 2013 四川 )There ， I met 14-year-old Stephanie ， whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. But she is so______ that she never lets anyone put her down. honest B. strong C. active D. young 解析： B , 逻辑推理。 由下文提到 she never lets anyone put her down ，可推出 Stephanie 很坚强，故选 B 。 19. (2013 陕西 )We ordered hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our _____came ， I started walking towards an empty table. food B. turn C. bill D. menu 解析： A ，上下义复现。 选项中的 food 是上文提到的 hamburgers 和 Coca Cola 的上义词，即是上下义词复现，故选 A 。 20. (2013 安徽 )Becoming fluent in a language will take years ， but learning to get by takes______. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more 解析： B ， 逻辑推理。 由转折词 but 推出，选项中的 a lot less 与上文提到的 take years 相对应，故选 B 。 Thank you!