2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（6）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（6）

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解专项训练（6）‎ 阅读理解（共15题 每题2分 满分30分）‎ ‎ 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 Passage 1‎ Five years ago, my wife said she'd found us a tiny but adorable house. It was close to the historic Abbot Kinney. However, there was a bus depot（公共汽车停车场）across the street. Hundreds of buses noisily parked there every night and noisily left every morning. It was awful. ‎ But I was determined to make the best of it. “It is noisy, but it offers us a good way to think about what is required to make a city work, "I kept telling our 6-year-old daughter. ‎ Then one morning, I woke up to find that the buses were gone! I allowed myself to get excited. My daughter, however, was unhappy. It took me a minute to understand: she had got used to the idea of us having a role in city life. ‎ Shortly afterward, a homeless encampment（临时营地）was built there. Then I found out what was planned for the bus depot-a place to deal with the homeless. ‎ When I told my daughter about the “bridge housing", a big smile spread across her face. Her first reaction wasn't fear or selfishness. She understood instantly how special it was that the bus depot would become a place for people who needed just that to live. ‎ What story about city life could I tell her then？I tried to keep fruit in the car so that at traffic lights, we could hand out a banana or an apple. When a woman put up a tent on the sidewalk in front of our stairs, I filled all her water bottles. ‎ Now we have a couple hundred new neighbours, and I'll be telling anyone who will listen what an honour it is to live among the homeless. Without my daughter, I might not have come to the same conclusion. ‎ ‎1.What was wrong with the author's new house at the beginning?‎ A. It was too small for family use. ‎ B. It was too close to a tourist attraction.‎ C. There was too much noise around. ‎ D. There were too many neighbours around. ‎ ‎2. Why was the author's daughter unhappy when she found the buses were gone?‎ A. She thought she lost the role in city life. ‎ B. She didn't like the idea of bridge housing. ‎ C. She had been used to the presence of buses. ‎ D. She couldn't go out of town without the buses. ‎ ‎3 . What was the author's purpose of keeping fruit in his car?‎ A. To meet his family's needs. ‎ B. To make his daughter happy. ‎ C. To thank those who had helped them. ‎ D. To help the homeless when possible. ‎ ‎【答案】 CAD ‎ Passage 2‎ The next time you need to get somewhere, you may be able to follow your nose. A study has found that a strong sense of smell is associated with a strong sense of direction. ‎ Researchers conducted an experiment at McGill University in Canada. Fifty-seven adults were invited to participate in a virtual"way-finding task"in which they had to make their way around a virtual environment. They were given 20 minutes to learn about the virtual city. After having passed by each of eight landmarks at least twice, the participants were placed in front of one of the landmarks and asked to find the most direct route to one assigned by the researchers. ‎ The participants also smelled 40 scented（有香气的）pens one at a time. After a brief sniff, the participants chose one word that best identified the smell from four words on a screen. ‎ An additional exercise used a virtual maze（迷宫）to determine if the participants were more likely to rely on landmarks to find the way or if they used a more habit-based method built over time as people travelled the same route over and ‎ over again. ‎ What the researchers found was that those with the ability to correctly identify the smells of the pens also had the easiest time performing the way-finding task by way of landmarks. A strong sense of smell was not identified in the participants who used the more habit-based method. ‎ The connection between the sense of smell and way-finding likely came about as a result of the evolution of the nervous system. The original function of the sense of smell in humans may have been intended to support our spatial memory. ‎ Keep that in mind the next time you get lost going to the dentist. It won't prevent you from getting horribly lost, but it's good food for thought along the way. ‎ ‎4.How did the researchers carry out the study?‎ A. By using typical landmarks in a real city. ‎ B. By combining virtual tests with real-life tests. ‎ C. By testing different senses in a virtual environment. ‎ D. By collecting routine observation data from the participants. ‎ ‎5. What were the participants asked to do after they smelled a scented pen?‎ A. Decide whether they liked the smell. ‎ B. Use a sentence to describe the smell. ‎ C. Choose a suitable word for the smell. ‎ D. Find the landmark that featured the smell. ‎ ‎6. Which of the following factors is better related to a strong sense of direction according to paragraph 5?‎ A. More experience in describing things. ‎ B. The way of using landmarks. ‎ C. Quick adjustment to the virtual world. ‎ D. A more habit-based way-finding method. ‎ ‎7. The meaning of the word "spatial" underlined in Paragraph 6 relates to _____. ‎ A. the situation B. the position C. the spirit D. the time ‎【答案】BCBB ‎ Passage 3‎ I was excited to take my rescue Beagle（比格犬）to the river the other day, as it’s within walking distance of our new home. Having spent her first six years in a cage, Georgie had never seen a body of water, and I wanted to get there before sunset to watch her experience it.‎ I was growing increasingly impatient about all the stops her little Beagle nose required. She inspected the grass, dirt, and trees, and licked（舔）whatever was stuck to the road. These were all new discoveries for her, and she took her time studying them.‎ When I accepted that it was fruitless to hurry her along, I whipped out my cell phone and began texting. I thought that I needed something to do while Georgie was slowing us down. Then, for some reason, I heard the cicadas（蝉），and I remembered that the sound of cicadas is my favorite sound in the world. That awakened something buried within me that longed for the simple pleasures that had been replaced by technology.‎ I made a conscious decision to be present, and to enjoy the journey to the river just like Georgie. Now, I admired the flowers and the winding ivy on our path. I smelled the grass and the flowers, and the dirt and the air. I treasured each one equally, as if discovering them for the first time.‎ As we neared our destination, 1 realized something even more important: It didn't matter if we even reached the river. Why must there always be a destination? Georgie had no idea that we had a destination. She was present for the journey, and she savored every bit of that sweet experience. There was no race and no finish line.‎ Now I'm not sure who rescued whom.‎ ‎8.Why did the author take out the cellphone?‎ A. To kill time. B. To awaken the simple pleasures.‎ C. To hurry the dog along. D. To record the sound of cicadas.‎ ‎9. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?‎ A. How I enjoyed the journey. B. What I saw on the way.‎ C. Why I traveled to the river. D. Whether I reached my destination.‎ ‎10. What does the underlined word “savored” in the fifth paragraph mean?‎ A. Smelt. B. Expected. C. Enjoyed. D. Deserved.‎ ‎11. What is the best title for the text?‎ A. Say Goodbye to Cell Phones B. Travel toward Destinations C. Learn to Get along with Pets D. Think like a Dog ‎【答案】 AACD ‎ Passage 4‎ Rumors: we’ve all heard some and we’ve all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they circulate differently because the way we share information has also changed.‎ The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. We don't enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don't have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled (掩饰的) messages.‎ Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox (自相矛盾) is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, the more they see it as true. To finish defining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.‎ Another property of rumors is that they tend to become viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.‎ How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from communicating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although ‎ less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.‎ One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That's why we say, “history is always told by the victors.” The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor’s version of the story.‎ ‎12. What can we learn about rumors?‎ A. We have all heard some and believed them.‎ B. They may have negative influence on society.‎ C. We’re happy to be the receiving end of them.‎ D. They often hide good intentions in the messages.‎ ‎13. How are rumours like trees?‎ A. Rumours keep changing, just as trees change their colour.‎ B. Rumours are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth.‎ C. New rumours have gaps, like the space between tree branches.‎ D. New rumours grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.‎ ‎14.What does the underlined word “'viral” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?‎ A. Something easily spread. B. Something acceptable.‎ C. Something easily defended. D. Something beneficial.‎ ‎15.Which of the following may the author agree with?‎ A. It is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors.‎ B. People are often active in judging the rumors critically.‎ C. We should think about the hidden message of the rumors.‎ D. Stories told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.‎ ‎【答案】BDAC ‎ Passage 5‎ The QUIK-FRYTM Electronic Wok It is important that you read this carefully before first using the wok. Until you become familiar with the product, we advise that you can keep this handy and refer to it when required.‎ IMPORTANT SAFEGUARDS:‎ ‎◇ In order to prevent the risk of electric shock. DO Nor IMMERSE the cord or the probe in water or any other liquid.‎ ‎◇Whenever he wok is used near children, it is essential that close supervision takes place Never leave the appliance unattended while in use. Before disassembling the wok for cleaning, SWITCH OFF AND REMOVE THE PLUG from the power source.‎ ‎◇ DO NOT USE THE Quick-Fry WOK OUTDOORS.‎ ‎◇ Avoid touching hot surfaces; instead use the heat resistant handles on the wok or the heal-resistant plastic knob on top of the glass hid. DO NOT OPERATE NEAR HOT SURFACES such as electric hotplates, gas burners or in a heated oven.‎ ‎◇DO NOT COVER the Quick-Fry wok with the lid while using it to deep fry foods. Failure to comply will cause condensation to drip onto the oil and cause splattering.‎ ‎◇DO NOT ATTEMPT REPAIR of the Quick Fry wok. If the cord becomes damaged, or if the appliance is malfunctioning, do not operate. Return the appliance to the nearest authorized service center for repair. DO NOT OPEN THE BASE OR TOUCH THE ELECTRICAL COMONENTS INSIDE. Tampering with the base will void the warranty.‎ Manufactured for operation only from a standard domestic power source.‎ How to Use the Quick-Fry Electric Wok:‎ Be sure to season the wok before using it for the first time, Assemble the wok and heat to the highest setting. Rub the non-stick inner surface of the wok with 1 tablespoon of oil. Use thick paper toweling. and be very careful to avoid touching the hot surface.‎ Cooking Methods:‎ ‎56. This text is most probably from _______ .‎ A. an advertisement for the electric wok B. a cooking book designed for customers C. an instruction booklet for the wok D. a customer review of the wok ‎57. One of the advantages of the wok is that.‎ A. you don't need to pay close attention to it when cooking B. you may remove its base when cleaning the wok C. you can repair the wok by yourself when it is not working properly D. you can touch the wok because it is totally free from heat ‎【答案】56-57 CB ‎ Passage 6‎ A new study argues that people's instinct to treat probabilities as evenly split when they are uncertain is widespread.‎ In a working paper Benjamin Enke and Thomas Graeber, both of Harvard University, argue that the bias towards 50:50 has shown up in many contexts. One is decision-making under known risks, such as gambling at a slot machine(老虎机). Economists have long realized that people are more sensitive to changes in probabilities the nearer they are to the boundaries of 0% and 100% For example, the chance of a big win of, say, $I million rising from 0% to 1% seems much more significant than the chance of the same win rising from 20% to 21%. At the extremes, there is a tendency to compress(压缩) odds to evens.‎ Other researchers have found that ambiguous risks have a similar compression effect: it can make people act as if they are facing known odds that are closer to 50:50 than might seem rational, given the information on offer. Messrs Enke and Graeber argue that this tendency even shows up in surveys of expectations about the performance of the economy and the stockmarket.‎ The authors suggest a new theory to explain this behavior: “cognitive uncertainty". It could be described as a simple lack of confidence. If people know that they may not be doing the sums ‎ right, or that their memory may be falling them, or that they are not sure what their own preference are, then their choices depend on the information they are presented and more on a “mental default" of equal probabilities.‎ In a series of online gambling experiments Mr. Enke and Mr. Graeber show that the more uncertain people are in their judgements, the more likely they are to hedge their bets (几面下注)----even when they have access to information that should, in theory, be useful.‎ Researchers have in the past suggested that odds of 50:50 are really code for “I don't know". Forecasters put odds on evens because words like "probable" and "likely" are interpreted very differently by different people. But numbers mean nothing without confidence.‎ ‎58. People tend to treat probabilities as evenly split when A. they are gambling at a fair slot machine B. the economists have realized people's sensitivity C. they are trying to earn more money in the boundaries D. they follow their instinct for widespread uncertainty ‎59. We can conclude from the passage that the compression effect A. is considered very unique in extreme situations B. applies when people make predictions for economic performance C. enables ambiguous risks to be clearer and more obvious D. affects people's answers on surveys of the stockmarket ‎60. According to the passage, if people lack confidence and certainty, they may____ when they are making decisions.‎ A. depend on equality B. miss useful information C. forget things more easily D. make mistakes in their calculations ‎61. What's the author's purpose in writing this passage?‎ A. To explain the application of odds and evens.‎ B. To offer tips on promoting people's confidence.‎ C. To introduce a new study about odds and evens.‎ D. To propose a new theory about cognitive uncertainty.‎ ‎【答案】58-61 ABBC ‎ Passage 7‎ ‎ Getting away may be good for your soul---but is it good for everyone else?‎ ‎---By BEN HEALY If you feel like you need a vacation, you're almost certainly right Americans get far fewer paid days off than workers in petty much any other industrialized democracy and the time we actually take off has declined significantly, from 20.3 days in 1987 to 17.2 days in 2017.‎ Beyond souvenirs and suntans, the best reason to take a break may be your own health. For the Helsinki Businessmen Study-- 40-year cardiovascular (心血管的) health study that also ‎ happens to be the working title of the solo album I'll probably never get around 10 recording ---researchers treated men at risk of heart disease. From 1974 to 2004 those men who took atl east three weeks of vacation were 379% less likely to die than those who t fewer weeks off.‎ Even if we don't view time of as a matter of life and death, people who take more of their allotted vacation time tend to find their work more meaningful. Vacation can yield other benefits, too: People who took all or most of their paid vacation time to travel were more likely than others to report a recent raise or bonus.‎ And time not taken depresses more than individual career prospects In 2017, the average us worker left six paid vacation days unused, which works out to 705 million days of travel nationally, enough to support 1.9 million travel-related jobs.‎ From longevity t0 career growth to macroeconomic achievements, the cease for vacation seems open-and shut. Yet the picture's not entirely rosy. Tourism's carbon footprint grew four times as much as expected from 2009 to 2013, and accounted for 8 percent of all greenhouse gas emission in that period. What's more, the travel industry is expected to consume 92 percent more water in 2050 than it did in 2010, and 189 percent more land. In other environmental news, people are less likely t0o recycle while on vacation (both because they are unsure how to, and because getting away with things seems to be a key part of getting away from it all)‎ The frisson(短暂的、突然的兴奋或恐惧) of pitching plastic is not the only thrill tempting travelers. Interviews wit tourists returning from various international destinations revealed that they used more drugs while on vacation than in everyday life. Other studies have found that people are more likely to eat with abandon while traveling: On vacations of one to three weeks, tourists gain an average of 0.7 pounds, a significant portion of average annual weight gain. Finally, a 2015 study found that "travel and leisure" provoked envy---perhaps the single most toxic substance known to man--more than any other attribute( 特性) examined (including "relationship and family," "appearance" and “money and material possessions"). The effect may be especially severe on social media: 62% of people who described Facebook-caused bouts(发作) of jealousy said they'd been triggered by travel or leisure experiences--versus less than a quarter of people whose envy had been piqued(激起) in person.‎ So for your own health and sanity(心智健全)，book that vacation. But for everyone else's, please travel as sustainably as you can, and take it easy with the Instagram.‎ ‎62. From the first there paragraphs, we can learn that ______.‎ A .souvenirs and suntans are not what people want when they go on vacation B. not using paid vacation days has little impact on a person’s career prospect C the time Americans spend on vacation has decreased by about three days from 1987 to 2017‎ D. the man in Helsinki Businessmen Study are more likely than others to take a vacation ‎63. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “open-and shut" in paragraph 5?‎ A. tricky and challenging B. uncertain and doubtful C. interesting and inspiring D. obvious and straightforward ‎64. Which of the following statement is NOT true?‎ A. People are more likely to gain weight when they take a vacation B. The booming of the tourist industry contributes to the acceleration of global warming C. The thrill of throwing plastic tempts travelers to travel more often D. Travel and leisure lead to more envious feelings compared with appearance or wealth ‎65. It can be concluded that the author's tone in this passage is_____.‎ A. objective B. skeptical C. sympathetic D. admiring ‎【答案】62-65 CDCA Passage 8‎ The phrase "digital nomads(游民)" suggests joyful people who escape their daily work to travel the world, working with laptops on beaches. Relevant statistics regularly made the headline: “There will be one billion digital nomads by 2035".‎ I started researching digital nomads in 2015, and it took me three years to develop an understanding of what might be going on. I've met hundreds of people who think of themselves as digital nomads and many more who have dreamed about becoming one. The first thing I learned is that how people feel about the label “digital nomad" changes over time. People starting out often assume it's a permanent lifestyle, but that's rarely the case. One of my respondents explained, “I don't go around calling myself a digital nomad now. It's a bit silly." Indeed, there's still debate about whether it's a buzzword(时髦用语) or a real phenomenon. Some have even tried to figure out how “authentic" a digital nomad is, by how much they move from place to place. And there has been heated debate online about who's a real digital nomad, and who is merely self-promoting.‎ Most of the digital nomads I spoke to, who once had well-paid jobs, told me that they were escaping from deeply-rooted problems in the contemporary Western workplace. One of my respondents, Zeb, was working three restaurant jobs to pay the rent in San Francisco. The city sucked up all his time and money. This made him abandon his plans to sell recycled products online. Swapping expensive California for affordable South-East Asia helped Zeb to launch his own business. Lisette a skilled translator from Hamburg, Germany, is able to produce high-quality work quickly. She soon tired of the culture of presenteeism (出勤主义) at her workplace. She explained, “I'm efficient and I like to get the work done and leave on time. :Others were obviously scared to leave first, so they would sit at their desks and play with their computers."‎ Nearly 40% of British adults believe their jobs don't make sense. Their housing is of poor quality and too expensive, and the economies don't provide young people with wages they can live on. With these challenges, it's hardly surprising that those new to the world are already desperate to escape. Yet there are certain complexities that come with living as a citizen of the world. As Lsstte said, "Digital nomads can quickly become isolated." Digital nomads have to shoulder responsibility for almost every aspect of modern life: their mental health, daily routine, income, safety and shelter. Most digital nomads travel on tourist visas, which requires them to move ‎ regularly ---an experience my participants have described as disorienting (使人迷失方向的).‎ For those digital nomads who make a living as professional bloggers, it's also part of their job to sell the life-style. As a result, many try to present a stable and happy image online. Lissette explained, "There 's a danger---when my aunt sees my picture online, she thinks that everything looks so happy here on the beach. Of course, my digital identity always looks happier than my real life." But at some point, most of my research participants feel sorrow for the loss of some aspects, such as location dependence, regular work hours. or an office party. They miss some of the things they were escaping. Many nomads I've interviewed just pack up and go home without telling anyone. Being a digital nomad can be rewarding and offers an escape from the boring office hour. But it’s important that digital nomads think deeply about the importance of community and mental health in their lives. Freedom does not mean the same thing for everyone.‎ ‎66. What does the author think of digital nomads?‎ A. Easy to get on with. B. Difficult to define. C. Extremely popular. D. About to disappear.‎ ‎67. What led Lissette to escape from her workplace?‎ A. Fierce competition. B. Economic pressure. C. Rigid working system. D. Violation of personal space.‎ ‎68. What is an attractive aspect of being a digital nomad according to paragraph 4?‎ A. Travelling the world. B. Enjoying more free time.‎ C. Receiving steady incomes. D. Being free from real-life pressures.‎ ‎69. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?‎ A. Think twice before becoming a digital nomad.‎ B. Share your real life and job on the Internet.‎ C. Have a much more comfortable lifestyle.‎ D. Resign from a dead-end job as soon as possible.‎ ‎70. What would be the best title of the passage?‎ A. Digital nomads: what future jobs will be like B. Digital nomads: a trend that will take over the world C. Digital nomads: an effective way to escape your everyday work D. Digital nomads: what it's really like to work while traveling the world ‎【答案】66-70BCDAD