【英语】2020届二轮复习专项完型填空解题学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习专项完型填空解题学案

完型填空 卷名 体裁 题材 考点 动词 形容词 副词 名词/代词 介词(短语)‎ 连词 ‎2018‎ 课标全国Ⅰ 夹叙夹议 个人经历 ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎7‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2017‎ 记叙文 个人经历 ‎9‎ ‎5‎ ‎1‎ ‎5‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2016‎ 记叙文 个人经历 ‎7‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎5‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎2015‎ 记叙文 个人经历 ‎6‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎8‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2014‎ 议论文 社会生活 ‎4‎ ‎4‎ ‎3‎ ‎9‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ 合计 ‎35‎ ‎18‎ ‎9‎ ‎34‎ ‎1‎ ‎3‎ ‎2018‎ 课标全国Ⅱ 记叙文 个人经历 ‎9‎ ‎5‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ ‎2017‎ 记叙文 个人经历 ‎9‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎8‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2016‎ 夹叙夹议 人际关系 ‎6‎ ‎5‎ ‎2‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎1‎ ‎2015‎ 夹叙夹议 个人经历 ‎7‎ ‎3‎ ‎3‎ ‎6‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ ‎2014‎ 记叙文 人物故事 ‎8‎ ‎3‎ ‎5‎ ‎3‎ ‎1‎ ‎0‎ 合计 ‎39‎ ‎19‎ ‎12‎ ‎24‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎2018‎ 课标全国Ⅲ 记叙文 人物故事 ‎11‎ ‎3‎ ‎0‎ ‎6‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2017‎ 记叙文 人物故事 ‎9‎ ‎4‎ ‎0‎ ‎7‎ ‎0‎ ‎0‎ ‎2016‎ 记叙文 个人经历 ‎6‎ ‎4‎ ‎2‎ ‎7‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ 合计 ‎26‎ ‎11‎ ‎2‎ ‎20‎ ‎0‎ ‎1‎ 分析解读　　‎ ①　 近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)选材特点：‎ l 从短文的长度来看,近五年高考中，每篇短文在200至270词之间。‎ l 短文的选材灵活，题材大多为个人经历、人物故事等,体裁以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议和议论文，时代气息越来越浓，更加贴近现实生活。‎ ②　 近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)设空特点：‎ l 第一句话通常不设空，给学生提供基本信息。 重首句，易入题。通过把握首句,可以确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等,从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。‎ l 每小题所给出的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类吗，且属于同一范畴；干扰项也多半可以和空前或空后的词语构成搭配，从而起到一定的干扰和迷惑作用。‎ ③　 近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)立意特点:‎ l 题目把上下文语境理解放在第一位，词汇运用和语法知识放在第二位。‎ l 词汇的考查面越来越宽，但完形填空的选项设置以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词和副词等，以虚词为辅,即连词、介词等。‎ ①　 答案分布 近五年课标Ⅰ卷完形填空答案分布均衡，ABCD四个选项均为5:5:5:5。‎ ②　 命题趋势 未来高考完形填空可能会继续以记叙文为主，文章长度会有所增加。 文章选材传递“正能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观的建立会有指导作用。‎ 四步解题 ‎ 五个技巧 完形填空的解题技巧共分为 5 大类，分别是词汇复现法、上下文推理法、逻辑推理法、文化背景常识和固定搭配法。以下将通过技巧点睛与真题探究带你一一探寻每种技巧的奥秘。‎ 一、词汇复现法 1. 技巧点睛 ‎“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect 和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road 和trail)、反义词(如wrong 和 correct)、、上下义词((上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 my father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词) 等 重复出现在语篇之中。‎ 1. 真题探究 技巧 典例分析 ‎(1)原词复现 ‎(2019年全国卷I)However, I soon 45(discover）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47（clean）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.‎ A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones 答案：C ‎(2)词形变化 ‎(3)反义词暗示 ‎(2019年全国卷II)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51(phone) number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52(called) the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53 their dog.‎ ‎50 A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded ‎53 A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured 答案：B C ‎(4)同义词/近义词复现 Everyone started to_ 55 their hands. Suzy Khan gavethem a shy smile and the applause was deafening.I knew thenSuzy was going to be all right.‎ ‎55.A.clapB. waveC.raiseD. shake 答案：A ‎(5)上下义词提醒 ‎(2016课标全国Ⅱ)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani's    59    —her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I'm here for you’60(attitude) —were all silent signals that didn't travel ‎ through wires. ‎ A. forgiveness　B.eagerness C.friendliness　 D.skillfulness ‎ 答案：C 二、上下文推理法 ‎“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。‎ 1. 技巧点睛 2. 真题探究 技巧 典例分析 ‎(1) 挖空处向下看适用于下文是对挖空处的解释或举例 ‎(2019年全国卷I)Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.‎ A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy 答案：B（怀疑的）‎ ‎(2) 挖空处向上看适用于上文是对挖空处的描述或举例 ‎(2019年全国卷III)When the light 52(appeared), Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53(sitting) there and standing there and taking 54(pictures) of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 55 .‎ A.new B.full C.flat D.silent 答案：B 三、逻辑推理法 ‎“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）和指代关系（this、that、the等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如and 表并列，but 和however 表转折，because和so 表因果，first of all、then 和finally 表顺序等）。‎ 1. 技巧点睛 1. 真题探究 技巧 典例分析 (1) and 表并列 and 前后表达的意思应该保持一致，或存在一定的顺承含义 ‎(2019年全国卷III)When the light 52(appeared), Rjukan residents gathered together.‎ ‎“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54(pictures) of each other," Ro says. "The town square was totally 55(full).‎ A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.sitting 答案：D (2) but 和 however 表转折 but 前后表达的意思应该不一致 ‎(2019年全国卷I) However, I soon 45(discover）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46(camps)among tons of rubbish. I find a 47（clean）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49(paying off).‎ A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary 答案：C (3) because 和 so 表因果 某事的结果，because+原因某事的原因，so+结果 ‎ (2018年全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd41(last)  seen him. So imagine my     42     when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.‎ A.delight　　 B.relief　　 C.anger　 D.worry 答案： A ‎(4)the、this、that承前指代 ‎(2019年全国卷I)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41(bring) with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place.‎ A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters 答案： C ‎(2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience), in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51(regarded) as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53(climbers) go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers.‎ A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose 答案：A 四、背景常识法 ‎“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识， 答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。‎ 事实上，该技巧与“推理判断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。‎ 1. 技巧点睛 2. 真题探究 技巧 典例分析 Step 1:了解特定文化背景 ‎(2019 山东一模)After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. ‎ A. teacher B.driver C. doctor D. worker 答案：C 五、固定搭配法 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。‎ 1. 技巧点睛 2. 真题探究 ‎ ‎ 技巧 典例分析 ‎(1) 根据固定搭配直接选择 ‎(2019年全国卷I)This52(view) is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53(climbers)go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants.‎ A .holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to 答案：D（A坚持；B回到；C达到、不辜负；D为……所替代）‎ ‎(2) 固定搭配+ 推理判断 ‎(2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience), in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.‎ A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded 答案：D