【英语】2018届二轮复习　倒装句和强调句（有解析）学案（13页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习　倒装句和强调句（有解析）学案（13页）

2018 届二轮复习　倒装句和强调句 (一)全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前) 倒装条件 倒装方法 以 here，there，out，in，up，down，away 等副词开头，谓语动词多为 be，come，go 等，主语是名词 副词＋谓语＋ 主语 以 then，now，thus，such 开头，谓语动词 多为 come，follow，begin，end，be，主语 是名词 副词＋谓语＋ 主语 表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词 为不及物动词，主语是名词 介词短语＋谓 语＋主语 表语置于句首，为了保持句子平衡，为表 示强调，或利于上下文衔接 Error!＋푏 푒 ＋ 主语 ①Out rushed a cat from under the table. ②Such was Albert Einstein，a simple but great scientist. ③In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. ④Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. (二)部分倒装(助动词/系动词 be/情态动词提到主语前) 倒装条件 倒装方法 only 修饰的副词、介词短语或从句位于句 首作状语 Only＋{副词 介词短语 状语从句} ＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语＋谓语 其他部分 含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not， never，seldom，little，hardly，by no means，not until，on no condition，in no case，under no circumstances)位于句首时 否定副词或介词短语 ＋助动词/系动词/情 态动词＋主语＋谓语 其他部分 hardly...when ， no sooner...than ， not only...but(also)等连接两个分句时，如果 hardly，no sooner，not only 位于句首，前 一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变 Hardly/No sooner/Not only＋助动词/系动词/ 情态动词＋主语＋谓 语 其 他 部 分 ＋ when/than/but also ＋ 分句 so(such)．..that 中的 so(such)位于句首时 so ＋ adj./adv. ＋ 系 动 词/助动词/情态动词＋ 主语＋谓语其他部分 ＋that 从句 so/neither/nor 置于句首，意为“也”或“也不” 表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人 或事物时 so/neither/nor ＋ 系 动 词/助动词/情态动词＋ 主语 as 引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，把 句中状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名 词，其前不用冠词 Error!＋푎 푠 ＋主谓 结构＋主句 当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词 had，were 或 should 等时，如将 if 省略， 则要将 had，were 或 should 等移到主语之 前 Had/Were/Should＋主 语＋谓语其他部分＋ 主句 ①Only in this way can you solve this problem. ②Never before have I seen such a moving film. ③Not only was he forced to stay home，but also he had to do his homework. ④So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. ⑤Tom doesn't like bananas，neither/nor do I. ⑥Child as/though he is，he knows a lot. ⑦Had I attended the meeting，I would have met Jim. [易错警示]　(1)there，here，now，then，up，down，in， away，off，out 等副词置于句首，但主语为人称代词时，不用倒 装。 (2)only 修饰主语置于句首时，不能倒装。 (3)若两个主语一致时，则表示同意以上观点，不能倒装，此 时 so 表示“的确如此”，即用so＋主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词。 (4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常 用“so it is with...”或“it is the same with...”。 (5)Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”，连接两个 并列分句时，这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。 (6)though 引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装也可以不倒装。 although 引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。 (2016· 浙江高考)It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe；nor are they ever clearly taught it. 可能孩子并不是天生就知道世界的基本事实的，他们也没有 被明确地教导过。 考点三　强调句和其他句型 (一)强调句 1．强调句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who ＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 (2016· 天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. 你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。 2．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将 is/was 提前，特殊疑问句 的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that 从句”。 Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? What is it that you want me to do? 3．如果原句中含有“not...until”，在强调时间状语时，将主 句中的否定词 not 连同状语一起提前。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 4．“it is...that...”结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调动词， 用“do/does/did＋动词原形”，以加强语气，意为“的确；真的；务 必”。 He did say that he would help me. 他的确说过他会帮我的。 (二)省略句式 1．在 when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless， as if，though，as 等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有 be 动词， 而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是 it 时，从句的 主语和 be 动词常被省略。 Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting. Get up early tomorrow，if not(you don't get up early)，you will miss the first bus. 2．不定式中的动词省略，单独使用不定式符号 to。 (1) 不 定 式 中 的 动 词 被 省 略 时 ， 其 符 号 to 常 用 在 be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love， mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish 等的后面。 I asked him to see the film，but he didn't want to. －Will you join in the game? －I'd be glad to. (2)如果不定式中含有 be，have，have been，通常保留 be，have 和 have been。 －Are you a sailor? －No，but I used to be. (三)祈使句 祈使句的固定句式：祈使句＋and＋简单句 表示“如果…… 就……”；祈使句＋or＋简单句 表示“……否则……” Bring the flowers into a warm room and they'll soon open. 将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。 Don't drive so fast or/otherwise you'll have an accident. 不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。 核心考点针对练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2017·内蒙古兴安盟一模) in this way will you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly. 2．(2017·天津河东区二模)It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop. 3．(2017·天津十二区县二次联考)So buried (be)she in doing her homework that she didn't notice it got dark outside. 4 ． (2017· 江 西 红 色 七 校 一 联 )It was consistent love and kindness won a lifelong friendship. 5．(2017·岳阳十四中模拟)It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent. 6．(2017·天津河西区二模) (get)to the top of the tower building，where you can see the whole city. 7．(2017·南京扬子二中测试)The ground is wet all over，so I'm sure it must have rained last night， it? 8．(2017·杭州一次质检)A child，if actively (engage)in classroom activities，can be taught many things. 9 ． (2017· 南 京 扬 子 二 中 测 试 )Mr.Mike didn't understand it was that made his wife so upset this morning. 10．(2017· 宿迁三校学情调研)－Was Bill，who played basketball very well， helped the blind man cross the road? －Yes，of course.He is always ready to help others. 【答案】　 1．Only　[句意：只有用这种方法你才会知道如何安排你的 时间，如何正确使用你的时间。“Only＋状语”置于句首时，后面 的句子用部分倒装。] 2．did　[句意：大雨下了一整夜，直到今天早晨才停了下 来。not until...置于句首，后面的主谓语需用倒装形式，本句介绍 的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故设空处填 did。] 3．was　[句意：她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没 注意到外面天已经黑了。so...that...句型中，将 so...置于句首，后 面的主谓语需部分倒装；根据题干中 didn't 可知设空处需用一般 过去时，故答案为 was。] 4．that　[句意：是持续的爱和宽容赢得了终生的友谊。本 题考查强调句型，被强调部分为 consistent love and kindness，故 答案为 that。] 5．that　[本句为强调句型，被强调部分为 after Mrs.Dodd became an adult，故答案为 that。] 6．Get　[“ (get)to the top of the tower building”为祈 使句，故设空处填 Get。] 7．didn't　[句意：地面都湿了，因此我确信昨晚一定下雨 了，是不是？本题考查反意疑问句。“I'm sure＋从句”的反意疑问 部分的动词形式需根据该从句谓语动词形式而定，因为 it must have rained last night 含明显的一般过去时的时间状语 last night， 故答案为 didn't。] 8．engaged　[句意：如果孩子能积极参加课堂活动，他能 学会许多东西。本句考查省略句。将本句补全后为：A child，if he is actively engaged in classroom activities ， can be taught many things.] 9．what　[句意：迈克先生不明白是什么使得他妻子今天早 晨如此不安。本句 understand 后的宾语从句为强调句型，改为普 通句型为：Mr.Mike didn't understand what made his wife so upset this morning.] 10．it；that　[句意：——比尔篮球打得非常好。是他帮助 那个盲人过马路的吗？——是的，当然是。他总是乐意帮助别人。 第一句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，即Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋ that＋其他成分？] Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2017·成都二次诊断)It was just then when I began to worry about my safety. 2．(2017·陕西全真模拟)In a word，success is important，and so does failure，because it's the mother of success. 3．(2017·潍坊一模)My dear friends，don't afraid of problems， but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves. 4．(2017·长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school. 5 ． (2017· 雅 礼 中 学 二 次 调 研 )That's all.Thank you.Some questions? 【答案】　 1．when→that　[句意：就在那时我开始担心我的安全了。 本句为强调句型，被强调部分为 just then，故将 when 改为 that。] 2．does→is　[句意：总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要， 因为失败乃成功之母。因为“success is important”的谓语部分含系 动词 be，故将 does 改为 is。] 3．don't 后加 be　[句意：我亲爱的朋友，不要害怕问题， 而要充分利用问题使我们自己成为最佳。“don't afraid of problems” 为祈使句的否定形式，形容词 afraid 前需加上系动词 be。] 4．has→is　[句意：我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考 查 there be 句型。没有 there have/has 句型。] 5．Some→Any　[本句考查省略句。Some questions？补全 后为：Do you have some questions？由此可见本句为一般疑问句， 故将 some 改为 any。some 作“一些”讲时，常用在肯定句中，而 any 常用在疑问句中。] 高考题型综合练 Ⅰ.语法填空 A beggar found a leather purse that someone 1 (drop)in the marketplace. 2 (open)it ， he discovered that it contained 100 pieces of gold.Then he heard a merchant shouting，“A reward！A reward to the one who finds my leather purse！” Being 3 honest man，the beggar came forward.He handed the purse to the merchant saying，“Here is your purse.May I have the reward now？” “Reward？”scoffed the merchant， 4 (greedy)counting his gold.“Why？The purse I dropped had 200 pieces of gold in it.You have already stolen 5 (much)than the reward ！ You are a thief.Go away quickly 6 I'll call the police.” “Please believe in my 7 (honest) ， ”said the beggar defiantly.“If not，let's take this matter to the court.” In court the judge patiently listened to both 8 (side)of the story and said，“I believe you 9 ．Justice is possible！Merchant， you stated that the purse you lost contained 200 pieces of gold.But the purse this beggar found had only 100 pieces of gold. 10 ，it couldn't be the one you lost.”And，with that，the judge gave the purse and all the gold to the beggar. 【语篇解读】　本文通过讲述一位乞丐捡到商人的钱包后 所发生的一系列事情，阐述了要诚实做人的道理。 1．had dropped　[考查动词的时态。根据常识可知，应该 是钱包先掉在地上，然后才有人发现。句中find 用了一般过去时， 那么 drop 这一动作发生在过去的过去，故应用过去完成时。] 2．Opening　[考查非谓语动词。所给动词 open 和句子主 语 he 之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。在本句中， Opening it 作时间状语，相当于 When he opened it。] 3．an　[考查冠词。对于纯空格类的语法填空题，如果空格 出现在名词前面、系动词后面，很可能会填冠词。句中空格前面 为 Being，空格后面为单数名词，根据语境可知此处表示泛指概 念，故应用不定冠词；又因为 honest 的发音以元音音素开头，故 应用 an。] 4．greedily　[考查词性转换。句中 counting 为动词，应用 副词修饰。所给单词 greedy 为形容词，表示“贪婪的”，以字母y 结尾的形容词转化为副词时往往将 y 变为 i 再加­ly。] 5．more　[考查形容词比较级。要想正确解答此题，注意空 格后面的 than，因为 than 是要使用比较级的标志词，much 的比 较级是 more。全句表示你偷的钱比酬金多。] 6．or　[考查固定句型中的连词。“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句” 是一个固定句型，其中祈使句相当于条件句，后面的陈述句相当 于主句。全句表示快滚开，否则我就要叫警察了，故填 or。] 7．honesty　[考查词性转换。对于该类语法填空题，如果空 格出现在及物动词、介词以及物主代词后，极有可能填名词。文 中所给单词 honest 为形容词，其名词形式为 honesty。此处表示 请相信我的诚实。] 8．sides　[考查名词的单复数。解答此题的关键是空格前面 的 both“两者都”，由此可知，后面的名词应用复数形式。] 9．both　[考查代词的指代。上文表示在法庭上，法官耐心 地听取了双方的陈述。那么根据常识可知，此处表示我相信你们 双方的话，故填 both。] 10．Therefore　[考查副词以及对上下文逻辑意义的理解。 空格前面提到双方对钱包里面钱的金额的陈述不一致，后面提到 乞丐捡到的钱包不可能是那位商人的，由此可看出空格前后之间 为因果关系，故填 Therefore。] Ⅱ.短文改错 Great changes have been taken place since a new teaching approach is carried out in our school.In the past，our teachers almost took up all the time in class，writing on the blackboard，explain points and asking questions.Our students were just listening and busy making notes.And now，students take up most of the time in class ， discussing questions ， exchanging ideas ， and solving problems ， while teachers just give some advices.Meeting with problems，we turn the library or the Internet for help after asking teachers.I like a new teaching approach because it give me the chance to try different ways to find solutions. 【答案】　 Great changes have ﹨푏 푒 푒 푛 taken place since a new teaching approach 푖 푠 푤푎 푠 carried out in our school.In the past，our teachers almost took up all the time in class，writing on the blackboard， 푒 푥 푝 푙 푎 푖 푛 푒 푥 푝 푙 푎 푖 푛 푖 푛 푔 points and asking questions. 푂푢 푟 푊푒 students were just listening and busy making notes. 퐴 푛 푑 퐵 푢 푡 now ， students take up most of the time in class ， discussing questions，exchanging ideas，and solving problems，while teachers just give some 푎 푑 푣 푖 푐 푒 푠 푎 푑 푣 푖 푐 푒 .Meeting with problems，we turn ∧ 푡 표 the library or the Internet for help 푎 푓 푡 푒 푟 푏 푒 푓 표 푟 푒 asking teachers.I like 푎 푡 ℎ푒 new teaching approach because it 푔 푖 푣 푒 푔 푖 푣 푒 푠 me the chance to try different ways to find solutions.