2020届阅读理解专项训练

2020届阅读理解专项训练

‎2020届阅读理解专项训练（3）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ ‎（1）‎ Volunteer Day What better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose an activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.‎ Volunteer Day Schedule:‎ ‎■7:30 a.m.: Meet at the Community Center for juice and bagels.‎ ‎■8；00-8：30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.‎ ‎■8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.‎ ‎■9:00 a.m.3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.‎ ‎■3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.‎ See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.‎ A list of volunteer activities:‎ Paint Houses: Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes. Happy Homes provides volunteer painters to repair old houses.‎ Plant flowers: Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks, help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks.‎ Read to children: Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.‎ Play with animals: Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are ‎ being cleaned.‎ ‎1. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?‎ A. 7:30 a.m. B. 8:00 a.m. C. 8:30 a.m. D. 9:00 a.m.‎ ‎2. An outdoor lover probably takes part in.‎ A. Plant flowers B. Paint houses ‎ C. Read to children D. Play with animals ‎3. What do Lovely Friends volunteers do?‎ A. Read books to children. B. Spend time with animals. ‎ C. Help plant bushes in parks. D. Pick up garbage along the river ‎【答案】1-3 CAB ‎ ‎（2）‎ The World Health Organization warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions of people each year. Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves in the home. To help fight the problem, the WHO announced, new guidelines aimed at reducing household pollutants.‎ WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4. 3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple coal cook-stoves. WHO officials say indoor pollution leads to early deaths from stroke, heart and lung disease. The main victims are women and girls in developing countries, where they usually stay at home and do the household work.‎ Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO’s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene (煤油) fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not improve the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors.‎ Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.‎ WHO experts note some new, safe and low-cost technologies that could help are already available. In India, you can buy an induction (电磁) stove for about $ 8.00. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $ 1. 00. But, this, the agency says, is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use cleaner fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating items.‎ ‎4. What does “the problem” in paragraph 1 refer to?‎ ‎ A. Indoor air pollution. B. Cooking habits.‎ C. Poor cook—stove. D. Use of natural gas.‎ ‎5. Why are women and girls the main victims of the indoor pollution?‎ ‎ A. They are very weak in the developing countries.‎ B. They are more sensitive to the indoor pollution.‎ C. They are exposed to the indoor pollution more.‎ D. They are lack of doing more exercise outdoors.‎ ‎6. Which of the following is a good way to avoid indoor air pollution?‎ ‎ A. To open a window while cooking.‎ B. To use unprocessed coal indoors.‎ C. To popularize the traditional cook— stoves in the home.‎ D. To promote the cleaner and modern cooking items.‎ ‎7. What is the best title of the text?‎ ‎ A. How to prevent pollution ‎ B. How to protect women and girls ‎ C. Indoor pollution kills millions each year D. The importance of health in developing countries ‎ ‎【答案】4-7 ACDC ‎ ‎（3）‎ Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. I feel there are a number of reasons for this.‎ Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there were fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food.‎ There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I agree with this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives.‎ There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days take very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. Not only is this an unhealthy pastime （消遣）,it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food. What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.‎ The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.‎ ‎8.According to the text, what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?‎ A. Those who often do sports ‎ B. Those who often walk to school ‎ C. Those who often watch television ‎ D. Those who often have meals at home ‎ ‎9. The author thinks that children are becoming overweight because _____. ‎ A. their parents often cook meals for them B. they are too busy to go out and play C. they can't choose what to eat D. there are too many fast food shops around ‎10.What does the underlined word "steering" in the last sentence most probably means?‎ A. moving B. forcing. C. driving D. guiding.‎ ‎11.The main purpose of the text is to .‎ A. tell a story B. provide facts ‎ C. give advice D. compare opinions ‎【答案】8-11 CD DC ‎ ‎（4）‎ Humans spend nearly a third of their lives sleeping. Going without sleep will make you psychotic(精神错乱)and, eventually, kill you, It's clear that shut-eye is important to the body’s ability to function. But no one knows what sleep actually does. “It's sort of embarrassing.” said Dr. Michael Halassa, a neuroscientist at New York University. "It’s obvious why we need to eat but it's not clear why we need to sleep at all We’re easily hurt when we’re asleep, so whatever sleep does, it must be worth the risk of the brain taking itself mostly offline. There are a few theories about why we sleep, and although none of them are totally solid, a few try to explain what happens each night, pulling in research on topics ranging from cellular processes to cognition. Researchers say it does seem clear that sleep is key to the brain’s ability to recognise itself. It’s not hard to prove that sleep is important. Rats totally deprived(剥夺) of sleep die within two or three weeks, according to research by the pioneering university of Chicago sleep scientists Allan Rechtschaffen. No one has done similar experiments on humans, but a 2014 study published in The Joumal of Euroscience found that mere 24 hours of sleep deprivation caused heathy people to have hallucinations(幻觉))and other psychotic symptoms.‎ One reason why it is difficult to get a handle on why we sleep is that sleep is actually pretty difficult to study. Sleep deprivation studies are the most common way to study sleep, but depriving an animal of sleep disturbs many of its biological systems. It's hard to tell which outcomes are directly due to sleep deprivation rather than, say, stress.‎ The other reason why sleep is hard to understand is that the brain may be doing two different things during the two major stages of sleep. As the night wears on, sleepers cycle through non-rapid eye movement(non-REM)and rapid eye movement (REM)sleep. The brain's electrical activity during REM sleep looks much like it does when a person is awake, but the muscles of the body don't work.‎ ‎12. What does the underlined phrase "get a handle on" mean in the third paragraph?‎ A. deal with B. keep pace with C. take control of D. get an understanding of ‎13. Which of the following may scientists have no doubt about?‎ A. Why we need sleep. B．Sleep is important C. Sleep is easy to study. D. Stress causes sleep deprivation ‎14. Why has nobody done sleep-deprivation experiments on humans?‎ A. They cost humans’ life.‎ B. They do great harm to humans.‎ C. All biological systems may be disturbed.‎ D. Human brains do different things during sleep.‎ ‎15. Where can this passage most probably be found?‎ A. In a scientific report. B. In a lifestyle report.‎ ‎ C. In an official document. D. In a book review ‎【答案】12-15 DBBA ‎（5）‎ Some educators told us that more years of school could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now, another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.‎ The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading. The studies appeared between 2008 and 2014.They ‎ included more than 55，000 children, aged 6 to 18.‎ Amika Singh：“According to the results of our study，we can conclude that being physically active is beneficial for academic performance. There are, first, physiological explanations, like more blood flow, and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones produced like endorphins (内啡肽)．And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved, which means you also perform better.”‎ Also, students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behaviour and help them keep their mind on their work.‎ The study leaves some questions unanswered, however. Ms Stash says it is not possible to say whether the amount or kind of activity affected the level of academic improvement. This is because of differences among the studies.‎ The researchers said they found only two highquality studies. They needed more highquality studies to confirm their findings. They also pointed out that “results for other_parts _of_the world may_be_quite_different”．‎ Still, the general finding was that physically active kids are more likely to do better in school. Ms Singh says schools should consider that finding before they cut physical education programs. Her paper on “Physical Activity and Performance at School” is published in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine.‎ ‎16．The passage mainly tells us that________．‎ A．a research on physical education has been done by the researchers B．there is a possibility that physical activity leads to higher grades C．the amount or kind of activity directly affects academic level D．the research shows that the children aged 6 to 18 don't do sports ‎17．Which of the following is TRUE?‎ A．Being mentally active is good for academic subjects.‎ B．The more hormones you have, the more stressed you will get.‎ C．The researchers have found many highquality studies to prove the research.‎ D．The educators in some countries think studies, not exercise, mean much to students.‎ ‎18．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 probably means________．‎ A．good marks result from highquality study B．findings are probably different in different areas C．physical activity will spread all over the world D．academic performance depends on the surroundings ‎19．What's the purpose of writing the passage?‎ A．To call our attention to the sports at school. ‎ B．To introduce all types of physical activities.‎ C．To represent the academic performance. ‎ D．To improve students' health.‎ ‎【答案】BDBA ‎ ‎（6）‎ Do you enjoy reading? Do you read newspapers or magazines? Chances are, if you do any of these activities, your preschool child is on his way to becoming a reader.‎ The process of learning to read is complex, and one of the most important things to know is that parents can help their children learn to read. As children have conversations with adults, they hear both new and familiar words and their vocabulary grows.‎ There are many opportunities for adults and children to talk together, such as when riding in the car or in a bus, doing housework like fixing dinner, or bathing and getting ready for bed. A major part of conversation is listening. When children talk, adults listen and respond. Then children listen and respond, and so the flow of conversation happens.‎ Have you watched your preschool child pretend to read to his younger sisters or brothers? Have you read his favorite story over and over? These experiences tell children that reading is fun. And when things are fun and they are repeated, your child will see letters. He begins to connect them to familiar words, especially the letters that make up his name. A natural next step for him to take is to write the letters.‎ When children see parents make a grocery list, they want to use a pencil and paper to make their own list. To encourage these beginning writing activities, have pencils, markers, crayons and scrap paper within your children's reach.‎ The more children get connected with talking, listening, reading and writing, the easier it is for them to become active readers. While you as a parent have a big influence on these early behaviors, it is important to remember that opportunities for literacy(识字) experiences happen when you and your child share in the basic routines of everyday life.‎ ‎20．The third paragraph tells us that parents can talk with their children ．‎ A．during daily routines B．only in quiet places C．in their spare time D．when they are eager to talk ‎21．During the process of learning to read, children may ．‎ A．copy the action of the adults ‎ B．prefer to talk with those of their own age C．show no interest in reading at all ‎ D．waste a lot of paper and other materials ‎22．When do children want to learn to write?‎ A．When their parents ask them to do so. ‎ B．When they believe they can write well.‎ C．When they know what they want to know. ‎ D．When they can connect letters with familiar words.‎ ‎23．The passage is written to ．‎ A．talk about parents' influence on their children's behavior B．encourage parents to set a good example to their children C．advise parents to make reading a part of their children's daily life D．make parents believe in the importance of early reading ‎【答案】AADC ‎ ‎（7）‎ Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical（临床的）depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression. Doctors use the word "clinical depression" to describe severe ‎ form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide．‎ ‎ In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters（仓鼠）to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night．‎ ‎ The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their night-time period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light．‎ ‎ After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water．‎ ‎ Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed. "What we saw is that these animals didn't show any sleep uneasiness at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign while if they were in the dim red light，they did not．"‎ ‎ Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive（感光）cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle．‎ ‎ He says there's a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness．‎ 24. ‎ Researchers use hamsters in the experiment because ．‎ A．they are similar to humans in dealing with colors ‎ B．they are easy to observe and study C．they are sensitive to colors like human beings ‎ D．they are active at night and sleep during the day ‎25. What sign shows that the hamsters are being depressed? ‎ A．They drink less sugary water． ‎ B．They don't sleep well．‎ C．Their eyesight becomes worse． ‎ D．Their energy level becomes low．‎ ‎26. tends to cause hamsters to be depressed．‎ A．Dim light B．Red light C．Blue light D．Darkness ‎27. What can help people who work late at night to avoid being depressed?‎ A．Not being exposed to dim red light when using computers．‎ B．Equipping their computer screens to put it more in the reddish light．‎ C．Living or working in low levels of light overnight．‎ D．Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help．‎ ‎【答案】DACB ‎ ‎（8）‎ Recently, American President Trump announced his budget. One of the budgets would cut all money to The Institute of Museum and Library services and libraries across the United States. However, as far as I’m concerned, we need to save our libraries.‎ Libraries provide books and after-school programs for children. They help inspire a life-time love of learning and reading in children of all ages. The knowledge of the books in libraries is not available to the children at school. Without them where will kids with no Internet at home do their homework? Where will kids have a place to study ‎ or borrow books after school? Therefore, we need libraries for our kids. We need them so kids can grow up with a place, other than school, where learning and exploration is encouraged. Reading books can benefit children’s minds. Books allow them to imagine.‎ For adults, libraries serve as a place where they can use the Internet to apply for jobs, get job training, early voting centers as well as book clubs to help make new friends. It can also serve as a place to pick up a book and learn something new. Meanwhile, they can also rent a book and get away from it all.‎ Libraries save our information for the next generation. When we live in an age of alternative facts, where science is ignored in favor of personal feelings, we need libraries now more than ever. We need them to educate ourselves on the facts. We need them to have strong civic participation.‎ If you assent to me, you shouldn’t be silent on this issue. You can write or call directly to tell the president to save our libraries. You can also write to both your state Senators (参议员) and your district representative. Let them know this is good issue because all people use public libraries in their daily life.‎ ‎28. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？‎ A. There is no need for children to learn in libraries.‎ B. Children can learn knowledge that can’t be taught at school in libraries.‎ C. Libraries can provide a quiet space for children to have a rest.‎ D. The reference book in the libraries can help children imagine a new world.‎ ‎29. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “assent to”?‎ A. Fight against. B. Agree with. C. Think about. D. Drop by.‎ ‎30. Which is the best title for this passage?‎ A. Learn in our libraries B. The function of libraries ‎ C. Save our libraries D. Grow up with our libraries ‎【答案】BBC ‎ ‎ ‎