【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导十政经史地（5页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导十政经史地（5页）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导十 政经史地 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1．常识，基本概念、原理，现实意义。‎ ‎2．地理现象的形成、影响，自然灾害的起因、后果、预防。‎ ‎3．名胜古迹、文化遗产的形成、特点及其保护。‎ ‎1．弄清文章诸要素之间的内在关系，并据此展开推理判断。‎ ‎2．把握诸如位置、方位等细节，绘制简易地图。‎ ‎3．掌握一些政经史地方面的常识。‎ ‎[经典案例分析]‎ ‎(2017·江苏高考·A)‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文中作者向读者推荐了一本有关历史的书并介绍了其相关信息。‎ ‎【长难句解读】　Travel through 100 of the most unbelievable years in world history and learn why being a Roman Emperor wasn't always as good as it sounds, how the Hundred Years' War didn't actually last for 100 years ‎ and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunate record.‎ ‎[分析]　本句为并列复合句。learn前面的and连接两个祈使句，第二个祈使句中有三个由why，how，why引导的宾语从句作learn的宾语。‎ ‎[译文]　穿越世界历史上最令人难以置信的100年，并且了解为什么做罗马的皇帝并没有像听起来那样好，百年战争实际上怎么并未持续100年，以及为什么斯宾塞·珀西瓦尔保持一个相当不幸的记录。‎ ‎1．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?‎ A．A biography.　　　 B．A travel guide.‎ C．A history book. D．A science fiction.‎ ‎[考查细节理解。由倒数第二段中的“While CHRONOLOGICA tells the stories...this book also gives...”可知CHRONOLOGICA是一本书，再根据文章开头所说的这是一次穿越时间的迷人旅行(a fascinating journey through time)可判断这是一本历史书，故选C项。]‎ ‎2．How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?‎ A．By giving details of its collection.‎ B．By introducing some of its contents.‎ C．By telling stories at the beginning.‎ D．By comparing it with other books.‎ ‎[考查推理判断。通读文章可知，作者提到了这本书的部分内容——罗马的建立(the foundation of Rome)，因特网的缔造(the creation of the internet)，罗马皇帝及百年战争等，故选B项。]‎ ‎[题材对点训练]‎ ‎(2018·广州市综合测试一)Dujiangyan is the oldest manmade water system in the world，and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2，200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6，000 square kilometres of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.‎ In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help ‎ the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region's governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.‎ The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead, Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.‎ Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention of gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20metrewide canals were carved through the mountain.‎ Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature — unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了都江堰这一水利工程。‎ ‎1．What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?‎ A. Reducing flooding and watering farmland. ‎ B．Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.‎ C．Watering farmland and improving water quality.‎ D．Drying the river and supplying cities with water.‎ A　[考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“Built over 2，200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China，this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6，000‎ ‎ square kilometres of farmland，take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.”可知，都江堰灌溉着6 000多平方千米的农田，泄洪的同时还为四川省50个城市供水。故A项正确。]‎ ‎2．What was the main cause of the Minjiang River's flooding? ‎ A．Heavy rain.‎ B．Melting snow.‎ C．Low river banks.‎ D．Steep mountains.‎ B　[考查细节理解。根据第二段的第三句“They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.”可知，岷江泛滥的原因是天气转暖时附近山顶的积雪融化，故B项正确。]‎ ‎3．How was Li Bing able to break the rocks of Mount Yulei?‎ A. By using gunpowder.‎ B．By flooding the rocks with water.‎ C．By applying a heating and cooling technique.‎ D．By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.‎ C　[考查细节理解。根据第四段的第三句“He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed.”可知，李冰综合使用火加热和水冷却的技术开凿岩石，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4．Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?‎ A. It preserves much of the natural river life.‎ B．It took very little time to complete the project.‎ C．The building techniques used were very modern.‎ D．It has raised the living standard of the local people.‎ A　[考查细节理解。根据第五段的最后一句“Today，Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature—unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall，Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally，enabling ‎ ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.”可知，都江堰工程至今仍然受到全世界科学家称赞的原因是该工程使用了疏导法，让洪水从岷江自然流出，保证了生态系统和鱼群的和谐共存，故A项正确。] ‎ ‎ ‎