2019届一轮复习译林版选修九Units1-2单元学案（22页）

2019届一轮复习译林版选修九Units1-2单元学案（22页）

‎2019届一轮复习译林版选修九Units1-2单元学案 Ⅰ.单词 一、核心单词 ‎1.freezing adj.　极冷的，冰冻的 adv. 极冷地 ‎2.rank vi.& vt. 将……归为某个等级；排列 n. 等级；军衔 ‎3.historic adj. 有历史意义的 ‎4.content adj. 满意，满足，甘愿 ‎5.owe vt. 归因于，归功于；欠……债 ‎6.affair n. 风流韵事；公共事务；事件 ‎7.sentence vt. 判刑 n. 判决，宣判 ‎8.stress vt. 强调；重读 n. 强调；重读，重音；压力 ‎9.absolute__adj. 绝对的，完全的 ‎10.compulsory adj. 强制的；义务的 二、阅读单词 ‎1.apparent adj. 明显的，显而易见的 ‎2.register vt.& vi. 登记，注册 n. 登记表，注册簿 ‎3.border n. 国界，边界；边疆 ‎4.recreation n. 娱乐，消遣 ‎5.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；动态的 ‎6.occasion n. 场合 ‎7.clumsy adj. 无技巧的，笨拙的 ‎8.steady adj. 稳步的 ‎9.heritage n. 遗产 ‎10.fragrant adj. 芬芳的，芳香的 三、拓展单词 ‎1.originally adv.原来；起初→origin n.起源；由来；起因→original adj.原始的；最初的 ‎2.decoration n.装饰品；装潢→decorate vt.装饰→decorative adj.装饰的 ‎3.inspiration n.灵感；启发灵感的人(或事物)→inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 ‎4.settlement n.定居点；定居；(问题的)解决→settle v.定居；停留；(使)平静→settler n.移民 ‎5.merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的→merrily adv.欢乐地，愉快地 ‎6.immigration n.移民，移居→immigrate v.(为定居而从外国)移入 ‎7.equip vt.装备，配备→equipment n.装备，设备，用具 ‎8.thrill n.兴奋，激动vt.使非常兴奋、激动→thrilled adj.非常激动的，兴奋的→thrilling adj.令人激动的→thriller n.惊险小说，惊险电影 ‎9.considering prep.& conj.考虑到，鉴于→consider v.考虑，认为→considerable adj.相当大的，相当多的→considerate adj ‎.关心的，体贴的→consideration n.考虑 ‎10.associate vt.联想，联系adj.非正式的，副职的→association n.联系 ‎11.appoint vt.任命，委任；指定(时间、地点)→appointment n.任命；约会 ‎12.assistance n.帮助，援助→assist v.帮助，援助→assistant n.助手，副手 Ⅱ.短语/词块 ‎1.in__addition__to　除……之外，还 ‎2.be__home__to (动物或植物的)产地，生长(栖息)地 ‎3.on__top__of 除……外 ‎4.little__more__than 只是……而已，仅仅 ‎5.be__recognized__as 被公认为 ‎6.cause__damage__to 给……带来破坏 ‎7.be__charged__with 被指控犯有……罪 ‎8.sentence__sb__to__death 判处某人死刑 ‎9.on__behalf__of__sb 代表某人，代替某人 ‎10.in__terms__of 在……方面，从……方面来说 ‎11.be__equal__to 和……匹敌 ‎12.be shaped like 形状像 ‎13.consist of 由……组成 ‎14.seek one’s fortune 外出寻找(成功或发财)机会 ‎15.average winter temperatures 冬季的平均气温 ‎16.in the heart of Toronto 在多伦多的中心 ‎17.undertake important work 从事重要的工作 ‎18.a handful of people 几个人 ‎19.a high percentage of Australians 多数澳大利亚人 ‎20.a long distance race 长距离比赛 ‎21.make advantages in various fields 在不同的领域取得进步 ‎22.cover an area of more than 20 acres 占地20多英亩 Ⅲ.句式 一、补全句子 ‎1.Montreal，a port in the province of Quebec，is the second largest city in Canada，and also the second largest French－speaking city in the world，Paris__being__the__largest. ‎ 港口城市蒙特利尔位于魁北克省境内，是加拿大第二大城市，也是世界上第二大法语城市，最大的法语城市是巴黎。‎ ‎2.It is like an underground city，covering__an__area__of__more__than__20__acres.‎ 它就像一个地下的城市，占地面积20多英亩。‎ ‎3.At__the__upper__end__of__the__Sacred__Way__is__Changling，the largest of the Ming Tombs.‎ 在圣道的顶端是长陵，明朝最大的陵墓。‎ 二、分析长难句 ‎1.Canada has vast areas of wilderness，from the Arctic north where average winter temperatures are usually minus 20 degrees centigrade，to the 8892－kilometre－long border with the USA in the south，which is said to be the longest border in the world not defended by an army or the police.‎ ‎【分析】　本句是一个复合句，where和which都引导定语从句。‎ ‎【翻译】　加拿大有辽阔的荒原，北起北极寒地——那里的冬季平均气温通常是零下20摄氏度，南与美国相邻——边境线长达8__892千米，据称是世界上最长的没有军队或警察设防的边境线。‎ ‎2.The waterfalls，the largest of which is shaped like a semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in an awesome white sheet of water.‎ ‎【分析】　本句是一个复合句，the largest of which引导定语从句。‎ ‎【翻译】　尼亚加拉瀑布群宽670米，白色水幕飞流直下56米，令人叹为观止，其中最大的瀑布形似一个半圆。‎ ‎3.The last major damage of this kind occurred with the theft of many of the best sculptures in 1801，when an Englishman，Load Elgin，cut them off the face of the Parthenon，and took them to London.‎ ‎【分析】　本句是一个复合句，when引导定语从句，介词短语with the theft of...表示伴随状况。‎ ‎【翻译】　最后一次此类重大破坏发生在1801年，许多最精美的雕塑遭窃。当时英国人埃尔金勋爵把这些雕塑从帕台农神庙的建筑表层切割下来，带到伦敦。‎ ‎1.owe vt.归因于；归功于……；欠……债 ‎(1)owe sb an apology　　该向某人道歉 owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情 owe sb sth＝owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe...to... 把……归功于……‎ ‎(2)owing to 因为；由于 ‎①Many people owe their love of sport to the perfect weather conditions for it.(教材原句)‎ 许多人把他们对体育运动的热爱归功于适合体育运动的绝好的气候条件。‎ ‎②Mary will take care of the baby — she owes__me__a__favour.‎ 玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。‎ ‎③I owe __it to the doctor that I am still alive.‎ 我仍然活着，这要归功于那位医生。‎ ‎④Owing__to__lack__of__experience，I didn’t do the work well.‎ 由于缺乏经验，我没有把工作做好。‎ ‎[名师指津]　表示“因为，由于”的介词短语还有：‎ ‎①because of　②on account of　③due to ‎④thanks to ⑤as a result of ‎2.equip vt.装备，配备 ‎(1)equip...with...　用……装备……‎ equip...for sth/to do sth 为了……而装备……‎ be equipped for/to do sth 为……装备好；做好准备 ‎(2)equipment n. [U]设备，设施 ‎①It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped __to__speak (speak).‎ 人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。‎ ‎②The course is designed to equip students __for a career in nursing.‎ 此课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。‎ ‎③He is equipped with much experience in teaching.‎ 他具有丰富的教学经验。‎ ‎④My mother bought a useful piece of equipment (equip)for the kitchen yesterday.‎ 昨天，妈妈买了一件有用的厨房设备。‎ ‎3.associate vt.联想；联系 adj.非正式的；副职的 ‎(1)associate...with...　把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……‎ associate with sb 与某人交往或常打交道 be associated with... 和……有关 ‎(2)association n. 协会；联系 in association with... 与……合伙/合作 ‎①I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.‎ 一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。‎ ‎②The first step to making friends is associating with other people.‎ 交朋友的第一步就是要跟他人联系。‎ ‎③We are working in__association__with a local company to raise money for the homeless.‎ 我们正在联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。‎ ‎[名师指津]　“把……与……连接/联系”的短语还有：‎ ‎①connect...with...　②link...with/to...‎ ‎③relate...to...‎ ‎4.appoint vt.任命；委派；安排，指定(时间、地点)‎ ‎(1)appoint sb to a post　　派某人任某职 appoint sb(as/to be)... 任命某人为……‎ appoint sb to do sth 委派某人做某事 appoint a time/place for sth/to do sth 确定时间/地点做某事 ‎(2)appointment n. 约会；任命，委派 make/have an appointment with sb 与某人约会 ‎①They appointed him as/to__be captain of the English team.‎ 他们任命他为英格兰队队长。‎ ‎②We are considering appointing him to__act (act)as secretary.‎ 我们在考虑指定他当秘书。‎ ‎③I’d love to go there with you，but I have an appointment with my lawyer.‎ 我很想和你一起去那里，但我要约见我的律师。‎ ‎5.stress vt.强调；重读n.强调；重读，重音；压力 ‎(1)lay/put/place stress on　强调，着重于 under stress 在压力之下 under the stress of 为……所迫；在……压力之下 It must be stressed that... 必须着重指出……‎ ‎(2)stressful adj. 有压力的 ‎①He is under__stress because he has too much work to do.‎ 工作太多，他感到压力很大。‎ ‎②Father always puts a lot of stress on good table manners.‎ 父亲一向非常强调要有好的餐桌礼仪。‎ ‎③The life of a high school student is usually active，exciting and full of fun，but it can be stressful (stress)sometimes.‎ 高中学生的生活通常是积极的、令人激动的，同时也充满了快乐，但有时候可能有压力。‎ ‎6.seek one’s fortune 找出路，碰运气 ‎(1)fortune n.　 [U]运气，命运[C]大笔的钱 make a fortune 发财，赚大钱 have the good fortune to do sth 有幸能做某事 leave a fortune to sb 留给某人一笔遗产 ‎(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的 fortunately adv. 幸运地 ‎①You may as well go to Shanghai to seek__your__fortune.‎ 你不妨去上海碰碰运气。‎ ‎②When he was young，he would dream of making__a__fortune.‎ 当他年轻时，他总是梦想着发财。‎ ‎③Her father __left__a__fortune__to__her five years ago.‎ 五年前，她父亲留给她了一笔遗产。‎ ‎7.on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人 on behalf of sb＝on one’s behalf 代表某人；为了某人；为了帮助某人 ‎①I’m glad to tell you something about these activities on__behalf__of__our__school.‎ 我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。‎ ‎②My father cannot be here，but I want to thank you __on__his__behalf.‎ 我父亲不能前来，我代表他向你们致谢。‎ ‎[易混辨析]　represent，on behalf of，stand for ‎ represent 用来表示“代表某人/某个团体/政府等”“某种标志代表什么”“某物(书、雕塑等)表现的是什么”和“把某人/物描绘成什么”‎ on behalf of 只能用作状语，表示“代表/代替某人”‎ stand for ‎ 往往用来表示“(字母、数字、符号等)代表/象征什么”‎ 选用上述词语填空 ‎③He accepted the invitation on__behalf__of the whole class.‎ ‎④The letter A can stand__for several sounds in English.‎ ‎⑤He was chosen to represent our school at the meeting.‎ ‎8.in terms of 就……而言；从……角度 come to terms with sb　 　与某人和解；妥协；让步 be on good/bad terms with 与……关系很好(坏)‎ in the long/short term 从长远/眼前来看 on equal terms 在平等的条件下 ‎①In__terms__of business，they are on__good__terms while in__terms__of friendship，they are on__bad__terms.‎ 就生意方面来说，他们相处得很好；然而从友谊角度来说，他们关系却不好。‎ ‎②What they have done is good for the environment in__the__long__term.‎ 从长远来看，他们所做的事情对环境是有利的。‎ ‎9.Montreal，a port in the province of Quebec，is the second largest city in Canada，and also the second largest French－speaking city in the world，Paris__being__the__largest.‎ 港口城市蒙特利尔位于魁北克省境内，是加拿大第二大城市，也是世界上第二大法语城市，最大的法语城市是巴黎。‎ 句中Paris being the largest是独立主格结构，表示补充说明，Paris是分词短语being the largest的逻辑主语。独立主格结构的用法如下：‎ ‎(1)构成：名词/主格代词＋分词/不定式/介词短语/形容词/副词 ‎(2)功能：作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等状语，通常可转换成状语从句 ‎(3)特征：意义上相当于一个句子，但就结构而言并非如此(无谓语)‎ ‎①All the students having__sat (sit)down，the lecture began.‎ 所有学生坐好之后，讲座开始了。‎ ‎②Such an able man to__help (help) you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.‎ 有这么能干的人来帮你， 你迟早一定会成功的。‎ ‎③The new teacher came in，a__smile__on__her__face.‎ 新老师面带微笑走了进来。‎ ‎10.At__the__upper__end__of__the__Sacred__Way__is__Changling，the largest of the Ming Tombs.‎ 在圣道的顶端是长陵，明朝最大的陵墓。‎ 本句为倒装句，其结构为“介词短语＋连系动词＋主语”。正常语序为：Changling，the largest of the Ming Tombs，is at the upper end of the Sacred Way。常见的引起全部倒装的情形：‎ ‎(1)表示时间、地点、方位等的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，且主语是名词时。‎ ‎①In__front__of__the__house__stands a man and lies a dog.‎ 房子前站着一个人，躺着一条狗。‎ ‎(2)代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。‎ ‎②Such__are the most powerful voices of our times!‎ 这些就是我们时代的最强音！‎ ‎(3)为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密，常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首，引起全部倒装。‎ ‎③Buried (bury)in the earth was a jar with lots of ancient coins in it.‎ 埋在泥土里的是一个装满古币的坛子。‎ ‎[名师指津]　当主语为人称代词时，句子不倒装。‎ ‎④—Look! Here comes the taxi.‎ ‎—Here__it__comes.‎ ‎——看！出租车来了。‎ ‎——它(车)确实来了。‎ ‎[课 下 作 业]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1.Approximately one million people left their homes and travelled westwards to seek their fortune(财富) in the Gold Rush.‎ ‎2.Watching DVD is a form of recreation(消遣)，which is popular among young people.‎ ‎3.It’s freezing (极冷的) here.We’d better come back home as soon as possible.‎ ‎4.She told me not to associate (联系) with Tom but I did not listen to her.‎ ‎5.His salary has been raised 20% again after the current wage ‎ assessment (评估).‎ ‎6.There has been a steady (稳定的) decrease in population in this city.‎ ‎7.It was so beautiful a place that it took my breath away.So，as a photographer(摄影师) you would have enjoyed the opportunity to see this place.‎ ‎8.A green card gives you official immigration (移民) status in the United States.‎ ‎9.The solution to the heavy traffic problem is apparent (明显的).We should reduce the number of vehicles.‎ ‎10.All the guests should register (登记) at the reception desk before entering the hall.‎ ‎11.Considering(考虑到) Australia’s relatively small population，its outstanding performance in the Olympic Games was amazing.‎ ‎12.The Long March is considered to be a historic(历史的) event in the history of China as well as the world.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1.This region is home to many species of wild flower.‎ ‎2.I was late in getting to the station.But fortunately (fortune) for me，the train was late，too.‎ ‎3.I wondered if I could have an appointment (appoint) with the doctor the following day.‎ ‎4.It is said that the book was published in association with British Heritage.‎ ‎5.Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.‎ ‎6.Owing to his absence，we had to put off the class meeting till next week.‎ ‎7.When I was a child，Mother laid great stress on my proper behaviour.‎ ‎8.On behalf of my classmate，I accept your suggestion.‎ ‎9.The test finished (finish)，we’ll have our summer holiday.‎ ‎10.We had our furniture moved to the new house when the decoration (decorate) of the house is finished.‎ ‎11.America was recognized as an independent country then by the British.‎ ‎12.Those who are content with__ their present situations will surely make no difference in life.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1.He owes__his__success__to hard work and practice.‎ 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。‎ ‎2.We have__not__yet__appointed__a__time__for the next meeting.‎ 我们还没安排下次会议时间。‎ ‎3.I feel sure that in__terms__of__ability__and__experience，you are absolutely suited to the position.‎ 我确信从能力和经验的角度来说，你绝对适合这个职位。‎ ‎4.Now many villagers go to the big cities to try__their__fortune.‎ 现在很多村民去大城市碰运气。‎ ‎5.In the children’s minds summer is__associated__with picnics.‎ 在孩子的意识里，夏天是和野餐联系在一起的。‎ ‎6.By__the__window__sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.‎ 窗户边坐着一位年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A ‎“Hungary？”I looked at my school headmaster in confusion.“I never mentioned wanting to go to Hungary.” And with that，my adventure started.‎ My name is Jonathan Diamond and I just finished an amazing school exchange year in Hungary.‎ Going on an exchange had always been my dream.When my high school offered an all－year program，I jumped at the opportunity.It would pay for almost everything and all I had to do was buy a plane ticket.I knew where I wanted to go: Spain，the country of dancers wearing flowing red dresses.So when I heard that I was going to Hungary，I was pretty shocked.But I decided to make the best of it，since it was，after all，a once－in－a－lifetime opportunity.Before I knew it，I was on the airplane，leaving for Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport，Hungary.‎ I had difficult times when I almost gave up.Hungarian is the hardest language on the planet.Cultural differences occasionally embarrassed both my peers and me.I had to give up eating carrots，my beautiful favorite，for Hungarians think ‎ carrots are rubbish in their country.The change in the landscape was amazing，looking nothing like skyscrapers，bullet trains，cars，and people in tiny houses that I had been accustomed to.Gradually，I fell in love with the relaxing lifestyle，the warm－hearted people，and getting home at 2：30 p.m.at the latest from school.And I was sad to leave on my very last day.‎ Having the host family who took me as one of their own members was the best thing I’ve ever experienced.From my little sisters，I learned how to embrace life to its fullest.From my brothers I learned that it’s OK for a boy to run around the house.From my host parents I learned to stay positive，to smile and that when you pick the right people and take their hands，suddenly，you become friends.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者作为一个交换生在国外学习的经历和感受。‎ ‎1.How did Jonathan feel when he was told to go to Hungary?‎ A.Excited and satisfied.‎ B.Confused and shocked.‎ C.Amazed and embarrassed.‎ D.Delighted and interested.‎ 答案　B　[细节理解题。根据首段中的“I looked at my school headmaster in confusion.”可知，作者听到这个消息很迷惑；再结合第三段中的“So when I heard that I was going to Hungary，I was pretty shocked.”可知，选项B正确。]‎ ‎2.Why did Jonathan still decide to go to Hungary instead of Spain?‎ A.He didn’t like Spain.‎ B.He wanted to learn Hungarian.‎ C.It was a rare chance.‎ D.Going to Hungary was much cheaper.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But I decided to make the best of it，since it was，after all，a once－in－a－lifetime opportunity.”可知，作者决定充分利用这次机会，因为毕竟这是一次千载难逢的机会，所以选项C正确。a rare chance“一次罕见的机会”。]‎ ‎3.What can we learn about Jonathan during his stay in Hungary?‎ A.He fell in love with eating carrots.‎ B.He couldn’t wait to leave.‎ C.He was surprised by the landscape.‎ D.He quickly got used to the life there.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The change in the landscape was amazing”可知选项C正确。]‎ ‎4.According to Jonathan，the host family ________.‎ A.changed him completely B.taught him how to dance well C.treated him as equally as a student D.showed him the good things of life 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者从寄宿家庭那里学到了很多人生哲学，他们向作者展现了生活中美好的事情，故选项D正确。]‎ B Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease often struggle to remember recently learned information，meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys.But it seems that these memories are not lost.They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can’t be easily accessed.‎ Now，researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer’s.The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元).Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting(发光) equipment into the subjects’ brains，but the same principles still apply，the researchers said.‎ ‎“The important point is that this is evidence of the concept.That is，even if a memory seems to be gone，it is still there.It’s a matter of how to get it back，”said the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.‎ The team took two groups of mice, one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer’s and one healthy.They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later.When placed in the room a third time several days later，the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally. They had forgotten the ‎ shock.‎ The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating (激活) the cells in which the memories were stored.Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room，they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.‎ ‎“Short－term memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for long－term memories，these early－Alzheimer’s mice seem to be damaged，”said the lead researcher Dheeraj Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information，not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.”‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术。‎ ‎5.What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?‎ A.They are the pioneers of brain research.‎ B.They have used the method in human trials.‎ C.They can cure Alzheimer’s using the new method.‎ D.They can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer’s.‎ 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。]‎ ‎6.Why did the Alzheimer’s mice behave normally the third time?‎ A.They failed to remember the electric shock.‎ B.They were accustomed to the situation.‎ C.They managed to overcome the fear.‎ D.They activated the association automatically.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第四段的“...the Alzheimer’s mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock”可知，这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。]‎ ‎7.For long－term memories，the early－Alzheimer’s mice ________.‎ A.can transform their brain cells B.can’t learn new tricks well C.can easily get back their memories D.can’t access the information stored 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，对于长期记忆来说，这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经被损害，不能使用这种已经储存的信息。]‎ ‎8.The main purpose of the text is to ________.‎ A.introduce a method of a research B.report the latest discovery about a disease C.give advice on how to improve memories D.explain how a brain stores information 答案　B　[写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现。]‎