【英语】2018届二轮复习：主谓一致学案（8页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习：主谓一致学案（8页）

‎2018届二轮复习 主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上应保持一致，通常指的主谓一致是主语和谓语在单数和复数上的一致性。‎ 一. 主谓一致的三个原则 ‎1. 语法一致原则 ‎ 主语单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是单数，谓语用单数；主语是复数，谓语用复数。如The number of errors is surprising.‎ ‎ Two students are waiting for you in your office.‎ ‎2. 意义一致原则 ‎ 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，但意义上为单数，谓语动词用单数。如The crowd were running for their lives.‎ ‎ The news was very surprising.‎ ‎ 形复意单的单词有news，works（工厂），means和以ics结尾的学科名词politics，physics，economics等。‎ ‎3. 就近原则 ‎ 谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的词语，主要体现在由or，either … or，neither… nor …，not only … but also等连接的主语及there be …句型中。‎ ‎ 如Nither you nor I am wrong.‎ ‎ There is a pen, five pencils and two pencilboxes on the table.‎ 二、谓语动词用单数形式的情况 ‎1、单个的不可数名词、单数名词（尽管后面跟着with，together with，along with，like，including，as well as，in addition to，rather than，but，except，more than等连接的短语）作主语时，谓语动词用单数式。如：The news is going about quickly in the small town.‎ ‎ A woman with two children has come.‎ ‎ Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance.‎ ‎ You rather than I are going to go camping.‎ ‎2、one，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，one of，every，everyone，everybody，each，either，neither等用作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ ‎ 如：Everyone wishes for happiness.‎ ‎ Neither answer is correct.‎ ‎3、‎ 动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句作主语时，谓语用单数形式。‎ ‎ 如：Reading aloud is a good way of learning English.‎ ‎ To give you a hand when you are in trouble is my pleasure.‎ ‎ Whether the plan is practical remains to be proved.‎ ‎4、表示一个国家、组织、事件、作品等的专有名词以及以s结尾的学科名称作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：I think Mathematics is an interesting subject.‎ ‎ One Thousand And One Nights is well-known all over the world. ‎ ‎5、and所连接的两个单数名词作主语，指同一人、同一件事或同一概念时，其谓语动词用单数。‎ 如：This bread and butter is too thick.‎ ‎ Your colleague and former college friend is coming to our home tomorrow.‎ ‎6、表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、体积等”的词语作主语时，通常作为整体来看待，谓语动词用单数。如：Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.‎ ‎ Ten miles is too long a distance for an old man to walk on foot.‎ ‎7、more than one和many a后接可数名词单数，谓语用单数式。‎ ‎ 如：More than one man has been dismissed.‎ ‎ Many a young person wants to be a pop star.‎ ‎8、and连接的两个名词分别是every，each，no等修饰，谓语动词常用单数形式。‎ ‎ 如：Every boy and (every) girl has shown great interest in the field trip.‎ ‎ Each man, (each) woman and (each) child has the same right.‎ ‎9、不定代词each作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但要注意区别：当each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词用复数式。如：Each of us enjoys such an activity.‎ ‎ If we each save $5 a week, we’ll do it in ten weeks. ‎ ‎10、专有名词，如国名、人名、书名、组织机构等作主语，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。如The United States is in North America.‎ ‎ The New York Times has a wide circulation.‎ 二、谓语动词用复数形式的情况 ‎1、有and连接的并列主语及both，few，a few，several，many，a great ‎ many，a number of等修饰的可数名词复数，后面谓语动词用复数式。‎ ‎ 如：Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.‎ ‎ A great many people have come to see the exhibition.‎ ‎2、集体名词police，cattle，folk / folks只能看作复数名词，作主语时，谓语要用复数形式。‎ ‎ 如：The police have surrounded the building.‎ ‎3、不可数名词前面加上表示单位的词进行计量，单位词是复数时，谓语用复数式。‎ ‎ 如：Three million tons of coal were exported that year.‎ ‎4、当表示民族的形容词与冠词连用作主语时，谓语用复数式。‎ ‎ 如：The Chinese are brave and hardworking.‎ ‎5、one or two后接复数名词，谓语用复数。‎ ‎ 如：At the end of Mr. Li’s class, one or two questions are often left for us to think about.‎ ‎ There are one or two things I want to talk over with you.‎ 三、谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数的情况 ‎1、单数与复数同形的名词means，sheep，fish，deer，species，series等作主语时，谓语动词的数随其含义而定。如：Every possible means has been tried.‎ ‎ Are there any means of getting there earlier?‎ ‎2、集体名词family，population，audience，public，staff，team，band，group，crowd等作主语时，如将其看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如强调其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。 ‎ 如：The family is the basic unit of our society.‎ ‎ His family are waiting for him.‎ ‎3、在“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”中，如果定语从句的先行词是复数名词，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式；但在“the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”中，定语从句的先行词是the only one，从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。 如：This is one of the most difficult questions that have been asked and Sally is the only one of the girl who is able to answer it.‎ ‎4、两个作主语的名词或代词有or，neither…nor，either…or，not only…but also等连接时，谓语动词要和后一个名词或代词保持一致。如果是疑问式则以前面的主语为准，即就近原则。‎ 如：Either you or I am wrong.‎ ‎ Either I or you are wrong.‎ ‎ Am either I or you wrong?‎ ‎5、all，most，some，rest，none等不定代词或表示数量的短语a lot of，lots of，plenty of，half of，part of及分数、百分数等与名词连用作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数，如指的是单数概念，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 如：All is right and all are present.‎ ‎ Lots of damage was caused by the fire.‎ ‎ One-third of people present are women.‎ ‎ About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day.‎ ‎ Nearly 70% of the fund was supplied by the Government.‎ ‎6、“the + 形容词”作主语时，通常指一类人，谓语用复数。但也可指个别或抽象概念（the true，the good，the beautiful，the right，the wrong，the false），此时谓语用单数。‎ ‎ 如：The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.‎ ‎ The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.‎ ‎7、what引导名词从句作主语时，谓语动词依据意义一致的原则，按所指代的内容确定谓语动词的单复数。如：What is easy to some people is often difficult to others.‎ ‎ What we’ve bought are just some household supplies.‎ ‎8、由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 如：When the meeting will begin and who will attend have not been decided yet.‎ ‎ When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.‎ ‎9、a kind of，a pair of等加名词时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。“复数名词 + of this kind”作主语时，谓语用复数。如：A pair of new glasses is quite expensive.‎ ‎ This kind of men is dangerous. → Men of this kind are dangerous.‎ ‎10、“a quantity of + 不可数名词”后用单数式，“quantities of +不可数名词”后用复数式。 ‎ ‎ 如：Large quantities of money have been spent on her clothes.‎ ‎11. 由the majority of + 名词作主语时，位于动词视名词的单复数形式而定。‎ ‎ 如The majority of the damage is easy to repair.‎ ‎ The majirity of criminals are non-violent.‎ ‎12. the rest（of …），the remaining，one half（of …），all（of），part（of …）等词或短语作主语和它们所修饰的名词或代词作主语，其谓语动词应根据主语所表达的单复数而定。‎ ‎ 如The first part of the vacation was frustrating, but the rest of it was exciting.‎ ‎ Part of the foreign teachers in our school are from Canada.‎ ‎12. 当“几分之几（百分之几）+ of + 名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。如Two thirds of the tasks have been completed.‎ ‎ 20%of the people in the city object to the price for running water going up.‎ ‎13. one and a half + 复数名词作主语，谓语一般用单数。‎ 如One and a half apples is a good meal for the child.‎