2019届一轮复习外研版必修三Module3TheViolenceofNature单元学案设计（13页word版）

2019届一轮复习外研版必修三Module3TheViolenceofNature单元学案设计（13页word版）

2019 届一轮复习外研版必修三 Module3The Violence of Nature 单 元学案设计 (主题语境:人与自然——自然灾难) 一单元基础知识回顾 Ⅰ.课标单词在记忆中求准确在语境中求熟练 『话题必记单词』 1.cause vt.引起;导致　n.起因;事业 2.current n.海流;潮流　adj.当前的,通用的 3.furniture n.[U]家具 4.strike vt.&n.(过去式:struck 过去分词:struck/stricken)(雷电, 暴风雨等)袭击;打击;打动;(疾病)侵袭;使想起 5.ruin vt.&n.毁坏→in ruins 成为废墟 6.damage n.&v.损失;损害 『阅读识记单词』 1.rotating adj.旋转的;循环的 2.erupt vt.(火山的)爆发,喷发 3.warning n.警告 4.ash n.灰 5.tidal adj.受潮水影响的;有涨落 的 6.volcano n.火山 7.lightning n.闪电 8.column n.柱状物;柱状体 9.latitude n.纬度 『构织连脉词族』 1.experience vt.经历　n.[U]经验　n.[C]经历→experienced adj.有经验的;熟练的 2.occur vi.发生;出现;想起→occurrence n.发生,出现 3.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强烈的→violence n.猛烈;暴力 4.possibility n.可能;可能性→possible adj.可能的 5.terrifying adj. 吓 人 的 ; 可 怕 的 →terrify vt. 使 … … 害 怕 →terrified adj.惊恐的→terror n.恐怖 6.luckily adv.幸运地;幸亏→luck n.运气→lucky adj.幸运的 7.thankfully adv. 感 激 地 ; 满 怀 感 谢 地 →thank v. 感 谢 →thankful adj.感谢的 8.sadly adv.伤心地;不幸地→sad adj.伤心的→sadness n.悲伤 9.fortunately adv. 幸 运 地 ; 幸 亏 →fortune adj. 不 幸 运 的 →unfortunately adv.不幸运地 『语用规律归纳』 词形变换需双写的高频词荟萃 ①admit→admitted→admitting 承 认 ② prefer→preferred→preferring 更喜欢 ③permit→permitted→permitting 许可 ④occur→occurred→occurring 发 生 ⑤refer→referred→referring 指的 是 『语境活用』 1.It is possible that there will be a rain tonight,so there is possibility that the match will be put off.(possible) 2.What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train.It was really a terrifying scene,and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a high-speed train.(terrify) 3.He is an experienced teacher and has twenty years’ teaching experience.(experience) 4.After the heavy hurricane,the village was left in ruins and the villagers’ hope for a good harvest was ruined.(ruin) Ⅱ.课标短语从表面理解到深层延伸从拓展中抓其规律 1.pick up 拾起;接(某人);恢复(健康);(情况)好转;不 费力地学会 2.on average 平均起来 3.end up 结果为……,以……结束 4.put out 扑灭(火) 5.in all 总共;总计 6.set fire to 放火(焚烧)…… 『语境活用』 1.Her health soon picked up after a few days’ rest. 2.400 people a year die of this disease on average. 3.If you continue to steal you’ll end up in prison. 续　表 7.catch fire 着火 8.a population of...人口是…… 9.an area of...面积是…… 10.a total of...总数为…… 4.The rescue services are still trying to put out the fires. 5.There are thirty people in all in the party who will travel to Hainan. Ⅲ.重点句型从教材中探求高考脉动从仿写中熟练运用　 『领悟教材语境』 1.They can destroy houses,but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. 它们能毁掉房子,却把房内的家具留 在原处。(教材 Page 23) 考点提炼 leave+宾语+宾语补足语。 2.On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. 平均来说,美国每年发生 800 次龙卷 风,造成大约 80 人死亡,1500 人受伤。 (教材 Page 23) 考点提炼此处为动词-ing 形式做结 果状语。 3.When the lava reached the sea,there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island. 当岩浆到达大海时,有可能引起巨大 『高考写作情景』 ①我们不应该使我们的家乡处于被污染的状态。 We shouldn’t leave our hometown polluted. ②These days,breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon,causing serious harm to life and the environment(给生活和环境带来了严重的危害). ③今天傍晚有可能下雨。 There is the possibility of rain by the evening. 的浪潮,它会淹没半个岛屿。(教材 Page 25) 考点提炼本句中出现了 there is/was the possibility of 结构,表示“有……的 可 能 性 ”, 另 外 there is/was the/a possibility 后面跟 that 引导的同位语 从句,表示 possibility 的内容。 Ⅳ.语篇旧材新用探究根源　 『话题与语篇填空』 The most 1.violent(violence) tornadoes have winds of over 400 km per hour.2.They can take cars,trains and even houses to other places,also take the fur or features 3.off an animal.Almost all tornadoes occur in the US.On average,there’re 800 each year,4.causing(cause) about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.The 5.worst(bad) one was in 1925,which led to over 700 deaths and 2,700 6.injuries(injury). Hurricanes have winds of 120 km per hour or more,7.which can cause huge waves,heavy rain and floods.There’re six Atlantic hurricanes each year.The most terrible one was in 1900 in Galveston,Texas,which caused 6,000 deaths and destroyed 3,600 buildings.Charles Coghlan,a nineteenth-century Irish actor,died and was buried in Texas in 1899.The cemetery 8.wasdestroyed(destroy) by the hurricane and his coffin ended up in the sea.Eight years 9.later(late),the coffin was found in the east of Canada,3,000 km away from 10.where Coghlan was buried. 『话题与短文改错』 About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day,more than a hundred in a year. The California Earthquake of 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake has ever happened in the United States.Though it wa s lasted for only a minute,it caused the natural disaster in the nation’s history. Fires by the California Earthquake did the most .The fires burned for three days, a total of 25,000 buildings.About 500 people killed in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were made homeless.In the whole of California,the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 . 二 单元综合知识运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2018·郑州市第一次质检)Traveling to Europe to see its famous monuments like the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Colosseum (古罗马竞技场) in Rome, is not exactly the ideal vacation for kids. Fortunately, Europe has more to offer than lots of old churches and ancient history. You can enjoy some fun with your kids in the sun at some of the famous beaches of the continent. Mykonos, Greece The closer you get to the equator, the longer the beach season is, and Greece is wonderful for that. You can enjoy beautiful green water, public chairs and lovely umbrellas at the beaches in Mykonos. Dubrovnik, Croatia There's nothing more attractive than the beautiful beaches bordering Dubrovnik, Croatia's most beautiful city. It's surrounded by stone walls like a castle. It almost makes you feel like you're suntanning (日光浴) at Hogwarts, where the hero Harry Potter of the story is trained! Sicily, Italy Rabbit Beach on the island of Sicily offers shallow and crystal clear waters, making it a perfect beach for families with young children. And if you want to add interest to your experience, try snorkeling (徒手潜水)． Nice, France Lined with palm trees and first­class hotels, the city of Nice, located on the French Riviera, offers a whole coastline of Mediterranean beaches. Because they're in the heart of the city, these beaches attract a large crowd. So if you're looking for something more private, you'll have to travel a few miles outside of the city center. Ribadeo, Spain At low tide, Playa de las Catedrales in Ribadeo, Spain is the perfect beach to take in the natural wonders without urban amusements like restaurants, bars or huge crowds. It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy. 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几个适合孩子去度假的欧洲旅游胜地。1.What makes Dubrovnik so special? A．It is surrounded by stone walls. B．It has the most attractive coastline. C．It has the longest beach season. D．It is the training center of Harry Potter. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第三段的“There's nothing more attractive ... It's surrounded by stone walls like a castle.”可知，克罗地亚的杜布罗夫尼克的特别之处就是它像城堡一样被 石墙围绕。 2．If you plan to go to a beach in the city, where should you go？　 A．Mykonos.　　　　　　 B．Sicily. C．Nice. D．Ribadeo. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“Because they're in the heart of the city, these beaches attract a large crowd.”可知，选 C。 3．Which of the following is TRUE about Ribadeo? A．Visitors can try snorkeling there. B．It offers visitors first­class hotels. C．It has restaurants, bars and huge crowds. D．Visitors can enjoy unique rock formations there. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“It boasts beautiful wild flowers and unique rock formations making it truly a picture worthy.”可知，游客们可以欣赏到西班牙的里瓦 德奥独一无二的岩石构造。 4．What do all the beaches have in common? A．They have beautiful wild flowers. B．They are famous European beaches. C．They are well­known for their green water. D．They provide visitors with urban amusements. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段多处出现的 Europe 和“You can enjoy some fun ... the continent.”可知，文章中介绍的所有景点都在欧洲，结合全文可知，这些景点都是 海滩。 B I have lived in America's countryside for nine years, first in Michigan, where I was getting my university degree; then in central Illinois; and now in Indiana, where I am a university teacher. There were a few things I enjoyed complaining (抱怨) about in my living area. I'm a vegetarian (素食者), so there's nowhere to go out for a nice dinner without taking a 50­mile drive. I'm black, so there's nowhere to get my hair done without another 50­mile drive. I repeated these complaints to my parents and my friends. Sometimes it seemed like complaints were the common language in my circle. We all were dissatisfied with something. Back in Illinois, my friends complained about the train to Chicago and how it's never on time; my friends in bigger cities complained about the expensive rent and strange smells on the subway. Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action. We all have great ideas about what life would be like if only we had this, or did that, or lived there. Perhaps complaining helps bridge the large space between these perfect selves and reality. There's also this: I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about. Complaining was helpful on those days when happiness required too much energy. But it also made me lose sight of something. I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive big­city living can be. Complaining may offer relief, but so does acceptance. There is no perfect place. There is no perfect life. There will always be something to complain about. By focusing on ( 关 注 ) my complaints, I risked missing out on important moments of happiness. Now, I look up into the night sky and see all the stars. And I know that I have nothing to complain about. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者曾是一个爱抱怨的人，然而她最终意识到抱怨不会 带来任何改变还会使她错过许多美好的时刻。 5．What do we know about the author? A．She likes driving in the countryside. B．She is very picky about her hair. C．She is a well educated woman. D．She often goes out for dinner. 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I was getting my university degree”和“I am a university teacher”可知，作者是一个受过良好教育的人。 6．After complaining, the author probably________. A．had a deeper understanding of reality B．tried to make herself more perfect C．got sadder about her situation D．remained unchanged 解析：选 D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Complaining allows us to accept the imperfect without having to take action.”和第四段中的“I really didn't want to change most of the things I complained about”可推测，作者抱怨过后基本不作出任何改变。 7．What does the underlined word “something” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The fact that the author liked the countryside. B．The difference between small and big cities. C．The difficulty in finding happiness. D．The purpose of the author's life. 解析：选 A　代词指代题。画线词 something 指的是后面的两句“I was born and grew up in Nebraska and have lived most of my life in one of the plains states. When I went to the coasts, I was surprised by how unattractive big­city living can be.”由此可知，作者想表达她所忽略的事 情是：她生养于有着大片平原的内布拉斯加，并且一点儿都不羡慕大城市的生活，即：她曾 经非常喜爱乡村生活的事实。 8．The author writes the text mainly to ________. A．make her complaints B．tell us to stop complaining C．compare different lifestyles D．tell us life is the same anywhere 解析：选 B　写作目的题。根据最后一段特别是最后一句“And I know that I have nothing to complain about.”可知，作者写作此文旨在告诉我们应该停止抱怨生活，并且希望我们可以 更多地关注生活中的美好。 C If living in a big city makes you feel a bit down, there's good news: A brief walk in nature could be all it takes to drive away those negative thoughts. At least that's the finding of a new study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Several other studies have also suggested that there's just something about being in nature that can give our moods a boost (提升). But it hasn't been exactly clear what's going on in our brains when we're exposed to natural environments. One possibility is that nature decreases “rumination (反思)”， or patterns of negative thoughts that swirl in our heads and seem to take over. To find out if nature helps us end that cycle of negative thoughts, Bratman and his colleagues randomly assigned 38 volunteers to take a 90­minute walk in either a natural or an urban area. Before and after the walk, the participants filled out a questionnaire about how much they were ruminating, and had their brains scanned using a form of fMRI that measures blood flow in the brain at rest. The nature walkers reported having fewer negative thoughts about themselves after the walk than before the walk, while the urban walkers reported no change. What's more, fMRI brain scans revealed less activity in the subgenual prefrontal cortex (SGPFC) of those who walked in nature. SGPFC is a brain region (区域) that may play a key role in some mood disorders and has been linked with patterns of negative thought. Those who went for the urban walk did not show any of these benefits, the study found. At last, we may have a possible explanation for how being in nature may improve our mental well­being. In addition, the findings suggest that having green spaces and natural areas in cities may be important for maintaining our mental health. 语篇解读：研究发现，人们在自然环境中散步可以改善心情。 9．What does the new study mainly show? A．Taking a walk is really beneficial. B．Negative thoughts aren't that hard to remove. C．Living in cities results in negative thoughts. D．Walking in nature contributes to a better mood. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第一段的“A brief walk in nature could be all it takes to drive away those negative thoughts.”可知，这个研究主要表明在自然环境中散步可以改善心情。 10．When the activities in SGPFC in our brains increase, ________. A．we tend to enjoy a good mood B．we may develop more negative thoughts C．we may want to walk more D．we tend to get rid of mood disorders 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据在自然环境中散步可以改善心情以及第三段的“What's more, fMRI brain scans revealed less activity ...”可知大脑里这种物质增加可能会让我们有一 些负面的想法。 11．What is the passage mainly about? A．Scientists have solved a difficult mystery. B．Scientists have found how to maintain mental health. C．Scientists find more trees are needed in cities. D．Scientists find an easy way to boost our mood. 解析：选 D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，主要是讲科学家发现了一种可以很容易 改善我们的心情的方法。 D (2018·东北三省四市教研联合体模拟) On April 14th, 2010, my entire life changed in an instant. One moment I was joyfully riding through the sunshine. The next moment, metal, flesh and bones were spreading against the pavement in a thunderous crash. Another cyclist, biking carelessly, had cut me off and sent me supermanning toward oncoming traffic. As if to symbolize the accident that had hit my life, another disaster also occurred on April 14th, 2010. It cost the airline industry $1.7 billion. Ten million travelers were stuck for days. Economics all over the world were disturbed. This was the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull, one of Iceland's many volcanoes. However, volcanoes are not all bad. In fact, they are necessary. They are responsible for the birth of new earth, and for the creation of rich soil. This eruption gave off 0.15 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere daily. But cancelling 48% of the world's flight travel saved about 2.8 million tons of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, temporarily decreasing our carbon footprint. Similarly, the accident had badly affected my emotion but it also allowed me to look more closely inside myself and discover things about myself I would never have realized. I learned how not to judge myself for my new limitations. In 1973, another Icelandic volcano, Eldfell, broke out. Icelanders decided to bomb it with cold water until it froze and chose a different path. After their plan worked, they used the geothermal ( 地热的) energy for the next 15 years to heat their homes. A good example of life bringing lemons, and making lemonade! One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future. I ran from April 14th, 2010, to every kind of escape. Eventually I ended up in university for a new­found love in Earth sciences. 语篇解读：作者把自己遭遇突发事件和火山爆发这种自然灾害进行类比，说明遭遇到不 幸也有好处，面对现实情况要乐观积极。 12．What happened to the writer on April 14th, 2010? A．He was involved in a car crash. B．He was stuck in an Iceland's airport. C．He witnessed a volcanic eruption. D．He was badly injured on a bike ride. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The next moment, metal ... crash.”和“Another cyclist, biking carelessly ... oncoming traffic.”可知，一个马虎的骑自行车的人撞到了作者，作 者遭遇了事故，受伤严重，故 D 项正确。 13．Which was an effect of the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull? A．The economy was cost globally by the eruption. B．Carbon dioxide increased temporarily. C．Most of the world's planes were held up. D．The earth in Iceland was terribly polluted. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Economics all over the world were disturbed.” 可知，冰岛的埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山爆发后，全世界的经济都受到了干扰，即火山的爆发使 全球经济受损，故 A 项正确。 14．Why did the writer mention the Eldfell volcano? A．It broke out in Iceland on April 14th as well. B．It symbolized the accident that changed his life. C．It told us to make the best of a given situation. D．It encouraged him to know more about himself. 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“After their plan worked ... their homes.”并结 合下文中的“One must move on from misfortunes, focusing only on the present moment and being hopeful for the future.”可推知，我们应该充分利用特定的环境。 15．What is the best title for the passage? A．Escape from Volcanoes B．Inspiration from Disasters C．Love for Earth Sciences D．Attitude Toward Nature 解析：选 B　标题归纳题。本文作者通过讲述自己遭遇事故和火山爆发带来的好处及坏 处，告诉人们要积极应对现实情况，所以选 B 项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Your weekends are precious and you'll surely want to make the most of them. Here are some tips to help you make the most of your weekends. __1__ Decide during the week exactly what you're aiming to do at the weekend. This doesn't mean you can't allow for a bit of flexibility here and there. But in the main you should know what you want to get out of your weekend. Meet up with your friends. You nearly always have the best time with your friends, yet sometimes you may put off making that phone call to arrange something because you are a little lazy. __2__ Get outdoors. Simply get outdoors and go for a walk, run, hike, cycle or anything else you can think of! __3__ Admittedly, the weather should be on your side. Set aside some time. Filling your time with all sorts of activities can be fun, but it can also be tiring. So, try to set some time aside for yourself. __4__ __5__ There are some things that can be done at any time — not just at the weekend. If you arrange your time in the week well, then you will have plenty of time at the weekend to do the things you really want to do. A．Make plans. B．Find a new hobby. C．Finish some things in the week. D．So the day will pass without you having done anything. E．Getting a bit of exercise and fresh air will leave you energized. F．Then, you can enjoy yourself by reading a book, or listening to some music. G．However, if you make the effort, you will have a wonderful time with your friend! 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了充分利用周末的几种方法。 1 选 A　根据空格后“Decide during the week exactly what ...”可知，本段的小标题是做计 划。 2．选 G　根据前文“yet sometimes you may put off making that ...”可知，然而，如果你做 出努力，你将和你的朋友度过美好的时光。G 项中的 effort 指的是上一句提到的“making that phone call to arrange something”。 3．选 E　根据前文“Simply get outdoors and go for a walk, run, hike, cycle or ...”可知，运 动和呼吸新鲜空气会让你精力充沛。 4．选 F　承接上文“So, try to set some time aside for yourself.”可知，然后你就可以开心 地阅读或者听音乐。 5．选 C　根据后文“There are some things that can be done at any time — not just at the weekend.”可知，本段小标题是在周内完成一些事情。 Ⅰ.语法填空 At the end of one class, a wise teacher told each of her students to bring a plastic bag and a bag of potatoes to school. The next day she told her students, “From today on, for every person you don't like in your lives, you can choose a potato, on __1__ you write the person's name. Then put the potato in the plastic bag.” Day __2__ day, some students' bags became very heavy. Then the students __3__ (tell) to carry their bags with them everywhere they went. They would put it in bed at night, by their side when __4__ (seat) on a bus, and next to their desks at school. __5__ (carry) the bag around with them made the students get to know __6__ a weight they were carrying in their minds. __7__ time passed by, the potatoes went bad and gave off __8__ terrible smell. They were all eager to get rid of the potatoes. Too often we think of forgiveness as a gift to other people, and __9__ (clear) it is for ourselves! If we choose to keep our __10__ (sad) and dislikes in our hearts, we will have to carry them around all our lives. 语篇解读：一位老师通过一个有趣的实验使学生们明白了：少一些抱怨和仇恨，你将会 拥有更加快乐和轻松的生活。 1．which　从句为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为 a potato， 故填 which。 2．by　day by day 是固定搭配，意为“一天天地”，强调渐变过程。 3．were told　the students 是谓语动词所表示动作的承受者，故用被动语态；本文说的 是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。 4．seated　when seated on a bus 是“连词＋分词”的省略形式，完整表达是 when they were seated on a bus。be seated 是习惯表达，意为“就座”。 5．Carrying　此处需填提示词的 v.­ing 形式构成动名词短语，在句中作主语。 6．what　本空需填 what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作“多么”解。 7．As　此处需填连词 As 表示“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 8．a　a terrible smell 意为“一股难闻的味道”。 9．clearly　此处需填提示词的副词形式在句中作状语，修饰后一分句。 10．sadness　本空与后面的 dislikes 对应，需填提示词的名词形式作 keep 的宾语。 Ⅱ.短文改错 Last winter, the smog occurred a lot of time. It brought much inconvenience to our daily life or did great harm to our health. Many traffic accidents had happened just because of the heavy smog weather. In addition, quite a lot of flights had to put off and a great number of people stayed at home to keep them away from the harmful air. Some people suffered of bad coughs, sore throats and other serious diseases cause by the smog. I think whomever lives on the earth should try to play the part in the environmental protection. I support the idea that we can try to drive more and buy environmentally friendly products to improve the air quality. 答案：第一句：time→times 第二句：or→and 第三句：去掉 had 第四句：put 前加 be; them→themselves 第五句：of→from; cause→caused 第六句：whomever→whoever; 第二个 the→a 第七句：more→less Ⅲ.书面表达 (2018·南昌市十校模拟)假定你是李华。来自澳大利亚的交换生 Kenton 首次离家来中国 读书，因生活上和语言交流上有困难，他萌生了回家的念头。不知如何是好的他在某网站上 发帖求助，请你据此给他回帖。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Kenton， 　 I am looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Kenton， I am sorry to hear you have difficulty with life and communication abroad, but I'm willing to help you out of trouble. To tell you the truth, it is natural that you are missing your parents and want to go home. But personally, I don't think we can live with our parents all the life. Thus, it is a good chance for you to be more independent. You can call your parents more often instead of giving up your study. If you don't mind, I would like to be your friend. We can chat online frequently, which will improve your Chinese a lot. Only by communicating with others can you overcome your difficulties. I am looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua