【英语】2018届人教版选修6一轮复习：Unit4　Globalwarming单元学案（18页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修6一轮复习：Unit4　Globalwarming单元学案（18页）

Unit 4　Global warming学案 一、单词—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎1.range n．　　　　　　　　种类；范围 ‎2.average adj. 平均的 ‎3.quantity n. 量；数量 ‎4.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的 ‎5.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅 vt. 签署(文件)；捐助 ‎ ‎6.electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的 ‎7.circumstance n. 环境；情况 ‎8.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作 ‎9.advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张 ‎10.pollution n．污染；弄脏→pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.被污染的 ‎11.tendency n．倾向；趋势→tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理 ‎12.oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的 ‎13.consequence n．结果；后果；影响→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 ‎14.state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．说明；说法；表白 ‎ ‎15.existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在 ‎1.Waste water from the factory is the main cause of the pollution (pollute)．‎ ‎2.At first he was opposed (oppose) to the plan, but we managed to argue him into accepting it.‎ ‎3.In consequence (consequent) of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.‎ ‎4.It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal with the new situation.(state)‎ ‎5.They have contributed a lot of food and clothing to the refugees so far and their contributions will certainly help the refugees live through the winter. (contribute)‎ ‎6.Many people do not believe the existence of the ghosts. Some young children doubt whether there exist all kinds of ghosts in the world. (existence)‎ ‎7.The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.(tend)‎ ‎8.The air conditioners of this type consume too much electricity. Many consumers complain about this. (consume)‎ ‎9.With the decline of the global economy,_her family is faced with many economic problems, one of which is whether to buy an economical stove to survive the whole winter. (economy)‎ ‎→existing adj.目前的；现在的 ‎16.contribution n．贡献→contribute v．贡献；撰稿 ‎17.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer n．顾客 ‎18.phenomenon n．现象→phenomena (pl.)现象 ‎19.economy n．经济；节约→economic adj.经济的→economical adj.节约的 ‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“普通的”形容词种种 ‎①common　　　　常见的；普通的 ‎②normal 正常的；普通的 ‎③ordinary 平常的；普通的 ‎2.名词变复数的不规则变化小结 ‎①datum→data 数据 ‎②medium→media 媒体 ‎③criterion→criteria 标准 ‎3.与“灾难”有关的名词集锦 ‎①flood　　　洪灾 ‎②drought 旱灾 ‎③disaster 灾难 ‎④catastrophe 大灾难 ‎⑤earthquake 地震 ‎⑥tsunami 海啸 ‎4.与“电”有关的单词荟萃 ‎①electrical adj.　　　电的；与电有关的 ‎②electricity n. 电；电流 ‎③electric adj. 电的；电动的 ‎④electronic adj. 电子的 ‎⑤electrics n. 电路 ‎⑥electrician n. 电工；电学家 ‎⑦survivor 幸存者 二、短语—— 写 得 准 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.even_if　　　　　　　　即使 ‎2.result_in 导致 ‎3.keep_on 继续 ‎4.go_up 上升；增长；升起 ‎5.come_about 发生；造成 ‎6.subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购 ‎7.put_up_with 忍受；容忍 ‎8.quantities_of 大量的 ‎9.be_opposed_to 反对……‎ ‎10.and_so_on 等等 ‎11.so/as_long_as 只要 ‎12.on_the_whole 大体上；基本上 ‎13.on_behalf_of 代表……一方 ‎1.With the house prices going_up,_more and more people can't afford an apartment.‎ ‎2.We are still wondering how it came_about that the experiment ended in failure.‎ ‎3.What I can't put_up_with is that he never cares about others' feelings.‎ ‎4.The traffic accident resulted from the driver's carelessness, resulting_in the death of 3 people.‎ ‎5.It is the teacher as well as the students who subscribes_to the idea that we should do something for the poor old man.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦 ‎ ‎①keep up with　　　跟上 ‎②catch up with 跟上 ‎③end up with 以……结束 ‎2.“be＋ed分词＋to”短语面面观 ‎①be opposed to　　　反对……‎ ‎③be attached to 附属于 ‎⑤be accustomed to 习惯于 ‎②be addicted to　　　沉溺于 ‎④be devoted to 奉献 ‎⑥be sentenced to 被判处 三、句式—— 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer ...‎ 毫无疑问，地球正在变暖……‎ There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句。‎ 毫无疑问，你们提供的交换生活动非常有意义。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_the exchanging student program offered by you is very meaningful.‎ ‎2.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.‎ even if/though “即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句。‎ 尽管我们都尽最大的努力去说服Dean，但是他依然拒绝参加这场比赛。‎ Dean still refused to join in the game, even_if/though_we_all_did_our_best_to_persuade_him.‎ 即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。‎ ‎3.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off！‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ so/as long as “只要”，引导条件状语从句。‎ 只要我们不失去信心，继续努力，我们一定能克服困难，实现目标。‎ So/As_long_as_we_don't_lose_heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.‎ 语境认识词汇 With the increase of humans' activities，a large quantity of waste is produced every day on average， which is considered as a main source resulting in global warming. Actually， what we can't put up with is probably the environmental pollution， such as polluted air or dirty water from factories. Under no circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in.‎ ‎1．quantity n．量；数量 a large/small quantity of 　　　　 大/少量的 ‎(large) quantities of 大量的 in quantity＝in large amounts 大量地 ‎①He found that quantities of food were (be) on the table.‎ 他在桌子上发现了大量的食物。‎ ‎②A large quantity of air conditioners_have_been_sold (sell) since the summer came.‎ 今夏以来，已有大量的空调被销售出去。‎ ‎③It is reported that a large number (＝quantity) of trees are cut down to make chopsticks in our country every year, doing great harm to the environment.‎ 据报道，在我们国家，每年有大量的树木被砍到做成筷子，对环境造成极大的伤害。‎ ‎[名师指津]　quantity作主语时，其谓语动词根据quantity的单复数保持一致。‎ ‎2．average adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的 n．平均数；平均水平；一般水准 v．平均为；计算出……的平均数 ‎(1)an average of　　　　　　　 平均有(后跟数词)‎ ‎(2)on average 平均起来 above/below (the) average 在平均水平以上/以下 ‎ up to (the) average 达到平均水平 ‎①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the ‎ average. ‎ 去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年，全球气温比平均值高0.68摄氏度。‎ ‎②According to the 13th National Reading Survey in China, in 2016 every adult read 5.16 printed books on_average.‎ 根据中国第13届全国读书活动调查，2016年每个成年人平均读了5.16本书。‎ ‎③The_average_population per square mile on the island is about 40.‎ 这座岛屿上每平方英里的平均人口大约为40。‎ ‎3．circumstance n．环境；情况 under/in the circumstances　 在此情况下 under/in no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(位于句首时，句子要用部 ‎ 分倒装)‎ ‎①I planned to leave the next day but under/in the circumstances I decided to stay another night.‎ 我打算第二天离开，但是在此情况下，我决定再住一晚上。‎ ‎②You should not give up your dreams even if everybody goes far away from you. ‎ ‎→Under no circumstances should_you_give_up your dreams even if everybody goes far away from you. ‎ 即使大家都离开了你，你也决不能放弃你的梦想。‎ ‎4．result in导致 result from　　　　　　 由……造成；因……而产生 as a result 结果 as a result of 由于……的结果 ‎①Moreover, the over releasing of carbon dioxide may result_in less rainfall, the global warming and so on.‎ 并且，二氧化碳的过量排放也会导致雨量减少、全球变暖等等。‎ ‎②As_a_result,_in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to apply for the job.‎ 结果，为了丰富我的社会经验，我决定申请这份工作。‎ ‎③Misunderstandings resulting from lack of social communication, if not handled properly, may lead to serious problems.‎ 由于缺乏社会交流而造成的误解，如果处理不当，将会导致严重的问题。‎ ‎5．put up with容忍；忍受 put off　　　　　　 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭 put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿 put aside 节省；储蓄；把……放在一边 put away 收起来；放好 put forward 提出建议；把……向前拨 ‎①Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put_up_with when watching TV.‎ 商业广告是我们在看电视时不得不忍受的东西之一。‎ ‎②Putting aside his disappointment, he smiled and praised the winner.‎ 把失望抛在一边，他微笑着赞扬了胜利者。‎ ‎③A suggestion has been put_forward that we should recycle the textbooks.‎ 有人提出建议，我们应该循环利用教科书。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有：stand, tolerate, bear等。‎ 语境认识词汇 As we all know， the environment in the world is becoming worse and worse. As a consequence， a range of natural disasters such as floods and droughts come about now and ‎ then， which has caused great loss to people's life. Therefore， don't just wait and try living a lowcarbon life. As long as every one of us oppose any form of destruction of the environment， the process of global warming will be bound to slow down.‎ ‎6．consequence n．结果；后果；影响 ‎(1)as a consequence/result＝in consequence ‎　　　　　　　　　　 因此；结果 as a consequence/result of＝in consequence of ‎ 因为……的缘故 of (no/little) consequence 有(无)意义；重(不重)要 ‎(2)consequent adj. 作为结果的； 随之发生的 ‎(3)consequently adv. 结果 ‎①As a consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking of food source. ‎ 由于像砍伐竹子这样的人类活动，熊猫缺少了食物来源。‎ ‎②Consequently (consequence), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.‎ 结果，她明白了并且对中国传统文化产生了兴趣。‎ ‎③The warming of the Earth and the_consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.‎ 地球变暖以及随之而来的气候变化影响着我们所有人。‎ ‎7．range n．种类；范围；幅度；界限 v．(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列 ‎(1)a wide range of　　　　　　 一系列……‎ within/in range of 在……范围内 beyond one's range 某人能力达不到的 ‎(2)range from ...to ... 在……范围内变动 range between ...and ... 在……和……之间变动 ‎①Their jobs widely range from government officials and athletes to drivers, teachers, artists and so on.‎ 他们的工作从政府官员和运动员到司机、老师、艺术家等等。‎ ‎②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in range of 60 km/h and 120 km/h.‎ 当在高速路上驾驶时，司机必须把他或她的速度限制在60公里每小时到120公里每小时之间。‎ ‎③They will include introductions to a_wide_range_of writing styles, from poetry to play writing.‎ 它们将包括介绍一系列的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧创作。‎ ‎8．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 ‎(1)oppose sth./doing sth.　　 反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的 be opposed to＝object to 反对……；与……对立 ‎(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的 ‎ prep. 在……的对面；与……相反 be opposite to 在……的对面；与……相反 ‎①As for me, I'm not opposed to idol worship.‎ 就我而言，我不反对偶像崇拜。‎ ‎②The parents strongly opposed their daughter going (go) there alone.‎ 父母极力反对女儿单独去那儿。‎ ‎③The senior students strongly objected to being_treated (treat) unfairly by others.‎ 高中生们坚决反对受到别人的不公正对待。‎ ‎[扮靓写作]　例句③的其他表达方式 ‎①The senior students are strongly opposed to being treated unfairly by others.‎ ‎②The senior students are strongly against being treated unfairly by others.‎ ‎9．come about发生；造成 come on　　　　　　　　　 快点；加油；得了吧 come to 合计；达到；恢复 come up 走近；上来；发生 come across 邂逅；偶遇 come up with 提出；想出；赶上 come into being 形成；产生 ‎①I'll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.‎ 我决不能理解这么短的路程你却迟到了一小时这件事是怎么发生的。‎ ‎②When important questions come up,_the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.‎ 重要的问题一被提出来，议员们常常是失去了他们庄严的风度，互相争吵起来。‎ ‎③They came across a bone which had been lying on a museum shelf since Victorian times. ‎ 他们碰到一块骨化石，它自维多利亚时代起就一直躺在博物馆的架子上。‎ ‎[名师指津]　come about是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态和和进行时态。‎ ‎10．so/as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句 It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!‎ 只要你在使用电器设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！‎ ‎(1)引导条件状语从句的连词短语：‎ in case　　　　　　　　　 如果；万一 on condition that 只要 ‎(2)as ...as的其他短语：‎ as well as 也；和 as soon as 一……就……‎ as far as 就……而言；至于 ‎①You can write anything relevant as/so_long_as it's interesting and informative.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 只要内容有趣且能够提供信息，你可以写任何相关的内容。‎ ‎②As long as you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.‎ ‎→On_condition_that you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.‎ 只要你继续努力学习，你就能提高你的数学成绩。‎ ‎③We can know more about the life of great people as_well_as history and cultures of other countries. ‎ 我们可以对伟人的生活及其他国家的历史和文化了解得更多。‎ ‎[名师指津]　as long as 和so long as表示“只要”时没有区别，可以替换。as long as表示“与……一样长”时，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．There are a variety of animals ranging (rang) from rabbits to tigers in the park, including a ‎ rare species of monkey.‎ ‎2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century, which should be protected.‎ ‎3．How many times do you dine out per week on average?‎ ‎4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.‎ ‎5．—Why does the lake smell terrible?‎ ‎—Because large quantities of water have_been_polluted (pollute)．‎ ‎6．Under_these circumstances(circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.‎ ‎7．I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated (state) in your notice.‎ ‎8．My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep the pace of advances in science.‎ ‎9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a_tendency (tend) to become wider and wider.‎ ‎10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones are increasing steadily (steady)．‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Opposing to the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday. Opposing→Opposed ‎2．On the average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981.去掉the ‎3．From this story, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to build a warm and harmonious society.build→building ‎4．I went on diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tended to being high.being→be ‎5．A big fire broke out last night；as the consequence, the house was completely destroyed.第一个the→a ‎6．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquakehit area.are→is Ⅲ.选词填空 come about， result in， put up with， subscribe to， quantities of， go up， be opposed to， even if， keep on， on the whole， on behalf of， so long as ‎1．Even_if we fail, we can learn from those failure.‎ ‎2．His illness resulted_in his failing to attend the class yesterday.‎ ‎3．The sun changes water into a gas, and it goes_up to make clouds.‎ ‎4．In the past, the teachers always kept_on explaining the points in class.‎ ‎5．I can put_up_with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it' s not clean.‎ ‎6．I can also receive the latest news by subscribing_to famous websites.‎ ‎7．On_behalf_of our school, I would like to express our warm welcome to you.‎ ‎8．So_long_as we work harder at our lessons, we'll catch up with others sooner or later.‎ ‎9．I'll never understand how it came_about_that you were late three times a week.‎ ‎10．The vehicles sending large quantities_of poisonous gases are a major source of air pollution.‎ ‎11．Mary is strongly opposed_to shopping on Sunday because the streets are full of people.‎ ‎12．On_the_whole,_the time the students devote to the games in the Internet cafes has a great effect on the study in the school.‎ Ⅳ.根据提示词或结构补全句子 ‎1．两个小时以来，她一直都在写信。(现在完成进行时)‎ She has_been_writing_the_letter since two hours ago.‎ ‎2．毫无疑问，手机能给我们带来许多便利。(doubt) ‎ There_is_no_doubt_that cellphones can bring us much convenience.‎ ‎3．因此，即使没有人在身边，他们也不应该在公共场所随地吐痰。(even if)‎ Therefore, they must not spit in public even_if_no_one_is_around.‎ ‎4．这儿有几条关于如何保护我们环境的建议。(how＋不定式)‎ Here are a few suggestions on how_to_protect_our_environment.‎ ‎5．只要他们不在上面花太多的时间，他们是可以在网上玩玩游戏、听听音乐的。(as long as)‎ They can also play games and listen to music on the Internet as_long_as_they_don't_spend_too_much_time_on_it.‎ ‎[课下练熟高考]‎ 阅读理解·组块专练——练速度 ‎(限时：35分钟)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry.‎ It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.‎ ‎“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”‎ It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.‎ The move echoes (回应) a similar action from Italy's biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.‎ The tie makers, however, were left hot_under_the_collar.‎ ‎“Italy confirms that it is a strange country，” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”‎ ‎“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and ‎ cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.‎ ‎“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”‎ Italy is one of the European Union's worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targets.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。‎ ‎1．What's the purpose of the move of taking off ties?‎ A．To dress casually.‎ B．To fight global warming.‎ C．To keep the body temperature.‎ D．To improve working conditions.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?‎ A．ENI.‎ B．Flavio Cima.‎ C．A financial daily.‎ D．The Italian health ministry.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故A项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined part “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?‎ A．Angry.　　　　　　　 B．Speechless.‎ C．Delighted. D．Puzzled.‎ 解析：‎ 选A　词义猜测题。根据第四段和第五段可知，包括ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?‎ A．He stands by the oil group.‎ B．He agrees with the ministry.‎ C．He admits his responsibility.‎ D．He argues against taking off ties.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六、七段可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的Flavio Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带上班的观点有异议，故D项正确。‎ B The Spotlight in Rio Phelps puts spotlight on cupping (拔火罐)‎ Olympic gold medalist Michael Phelps led American swimmers to a gold medal in the 4×100meter relay, but what grabbed media attention and led to stories and photos around the globe were the purple and red circles on his back.‎ Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder as he competes during the 2016 Rio Olympics men's 200m butterfly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Aug 8, 2016.‎ Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui goes viral China's women's swimmer Fu Yuanhui has created a sensation online not just by winning the bronze medal in the 100m backstroke competition, but also by her facial expressions during the post semifinal interview with China Central Television (CCTV) on Monday.‎ When asked whether she held back for the final, Fu replied, “No, I utilized my ‘prehistorical power’．” What she meant was that she had spared no efforts in the semifinal. Since then, the socalled “prehistorical power” has gone viral and become a new Internet meme.‎ Britain wins first Olympic diving gold in men's synchronized 3m springboard (男子双人3米跳板)‎ Britain's Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China's gold medal monopoly (垄断) over diving events at the Rio Olympics by winning the men's synchronized 3m springboard final on Wednesday, the country's firstever Olympic gold medal in diving.‎ Laugher and Mears finished with a sixround total of 454.32 points, just 4.11 points ahead of silver medallists Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA at the Maria Lenk Aquatics Center. China's Cao Yuan and Qin Kai took the bronze with 443.70 points.‎ ‎5．What attracted media attention with Phelps' winning the gold medal?‎ A．His great leadership.‎ B．His scars on his back.‎ C．The cupping marks on his back.‎ D．His achievements he made in the men's 200m butterfly.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一则新闻中的“what grabbed media attention ...and red circles on his back”以及“Michael Phelps of the USA is seen with red cupping marks on his shoulder”可知随着菲尔普斯获得金牌，他后背上的拔火罐的印迹成为媒体关注的重点。故选C。‎ ‎6．Which of the following is NOT the reason why Fu Yuanhui became the spotlight?‎ A．Her devotion and determination to swimming.‎ B．Her achievement in the 100m backstroke competition.‎ C．Her facial expression during the postsemifinal interview.‎ D．Her humourous reply to the reporter — so called “prehistorical power”．‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二则新闻可知让傅园慧成为焦点的不仅是她的成绩，更是她在赛后接受采访时的面部表情和她的“我已经用了洪荒之力了”的幽默回答。故选A。‎ ‎7．What can we learn from the third news?‎ A．China didn't win any gold medals in diving events at the Rio Olympics.‎ B．Britain became the gold medal monopolist of diving events at the Rio Olympics.‎ C．Mike Hixon and Sam Dorman of the USA took silver with 447.81 points.‎ D．Britain had never won the Olympic diving gold medal before the Rio Olympics.‎ 解析：选D　判断推理题。根据第三则新闻中的“Britain's Jack Laugher and Chris Mears ended China's gold medal monopoly (垄断) ... Olympic gold medal in diving.”可知英国的跳水员Jack Laugher和Chris Mears获得了男子双人3米跳板的金牌，这是英国有史以来第一次获得奥运会跳水项目的金牌。故选D。‎ C People need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed. As of 2015, there are more than seven billion people on Earth, according to the United Nations. And by 2100 that number may double. Feeding all of these people means not only improving the way foods are grown, but also finding new sources of nutrition.‎ And that_quest is becoming ever more urgent. If nothing changes, within 35 years, the world's appetite will be greater than the amount of foods produced. That's according to a report released in 2014. It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative, a private agriculture group based in Washington, D．C.‎ Global warming, too, is changing food production. Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheat, corn and soybeans. Lowincome developing countries will be hit the hardest. When harvests fall, crops become more expensive. And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs, meat prices, too, will rise.‎ All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world. And some surprising ideas have begun to come up. Two years ago, scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab. The project cost more than $300,000, but it's a start. Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought. Still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.‎ A gloomy (悲观的) forecast for the planet isn't the only reason to study foods for the future. It's a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animals — even insects. These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。‎ ‎8．What do the underlined words “that quest” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The research on foods.‎ B．The increase of population.‎ C．The variety of nutrition.‎ D．The change of appetite.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。‎ ‎9．How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?‎ a．Increase meat prices.‎ b．Raise the temperature.‎ c．Reduce the growth of crops.‎ d．Lead to the high cost of life.‎ e．Cause a higher price for crops.‎ A．b→a→c→d→e　　　　　　　 B．c→a→b→d→e C．d→e→c→a→b D．b→c→e→a→d 解析：选D　事件排序题。根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，从而农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。‎ ‎10．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?‎ A．New ways of farming.‎ B．Some great researchers.‎ C．Progress in food research.‎ D．Achievements in lab experiments.‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第四段第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up.”并结合本段的整段内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。‎ ‎11．What will be discussed in the following paragraph?‎ A．Examples of successful food researchers.‎ B．Different opinions about the future food.‎ C．Methods of dealing with global warming.‎ D．Possibilities of feeding the present population.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。‎ D ‎(2017·长春一模)China's online dealers (零售商)are busy preparing for what has become the country's annual online shopping festival on November 11th.‎ November 11 is a date made up of four ones, and “double eleven” has always been considered a special day for single men and women in China. Five years ago the Internet retailer Alibaba began promoting it as a shopping festival, and it has now turned to be the country's busiest day for online retailers and millions of shopping lovers.‎ JD.com is trying to attract more retailers by offering them free delivery service for a month. Alibaba itself has invited some 30,000 offline stores to participate in the online shopping party. More than 20,000 vendors on Alibaba's sites — Tmall and Taobao are promising 50 percent discounts on the day. Shanghaibased Yhd.com, also called Yihaodian, a Chinese ecommerce company that is majorityowned by WalMart Stores, is setting up a special sale of imported foods.‎ Last year Alibaba earned 19.1 billion yuan in sales during the double eleven promotions. And a 100 billion yuan logistics (物流) network was set up by Alibaba this May that aims to make 24hour deliveries possible. ‎ The major logistics player Shentong shipped more than 8 million items during “double eleven.” Shentong has more than 150,000 staff, and expects things to be even busier this year. Yang Jinghai, Director Of Human Resources of Shentong Express, says, “We have hired 30 percent more staff for double eleven, and we have couriers' (快递员) bonuses ready.”‎ On double eleven China's ecommerce sites receive more visits than the entire population of Brazil. It is believed that China will replace the US as the world's top ecommerce market this year.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国各大购物网站为迎接“双十一”所做的各项准备。‎ ‎12．What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A．“Double eleven” is an official festival in China.‎ B．Most people will go shopping online on “double eleven”．‎ C．“Double eleven” is no longer a special day for singles in China.‎ D．Online retailers will make a lot of preparations before “double eleven”．‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段的“a shopping festival”及“the country's busiest day”，可知选D。‎ ‎13．What kind of situation are you most likely to meet if you buy things online on “double eleven”？‎ A．You will get a 50% discount.‎ B．You will find more goods online.‎ C．You are not able to buy imported goods.‎ D．You can get free delivery service for a month.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。由第三段“Tmall and Taobao are ...day.”，得出A错，由第三段“Yihaodian, a Chinese ecommerce ... imported foods.”，得出C错，由第三段“JD.com is trying ...a month.”，得出D错，可知选B。‎ ‎14．What does the underlined word in the third paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Someone who sells things.‎ B．Someone who buys things.‎ C．Someone who delivers things.‎ D．Someone who collects things.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第三段“More than 20,000 vendors ...on the day.”，推断出该词表示卖家，可知选A。‎ ‎15．What's the author's attitude towards the online shopping festival on November 11th?‎ A．Supportive.　　　　　　　 B．Critical.‎ C．Objective D．Doubtful.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。文中并未提及作者个人的观点，可知选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 A new report says plastics are responsible for D|S13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. __1__‎ Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. __2__ After a while, it collects in the sea. And plastic never goes away. Plastic is not biodegradable — destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead, it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time. The oceans contain a lot of chemicals and other pollutants.__3__ That means harmful materials may get into our food supply.‎ ‎　　__4__ Human beings cause pollution and they can take steps to stop it. They can use fewer singleuse product containers and throw plastics away correctly. Plastic recycling programs also work — where old bottles and other plastics are collected, broken down and used to make new products. We could reuse bottles in our households many times if we wish to, rather than end them after the first use. We could, when we get rid of plastic, recycle it and reuse it, which replaces the need for raw materials.‎ The report also calls on companies to improve methods for using plastics. __5__ And it calls for information about the way plastic is thrown out or removed from use. By putting a new value on plastic, industry has a special reason to clean up the environment. And all of the companies must join to deal with the problem.‎ A．Then, fish may eat the plastic.‎ B．It asks for them to better measure and direct plastic use.‎ C．The plastic eventually reaches coastal areas and ocean waters.‎ D．The report tells about the harm to sea life and what might be done to improve the situation.‎ E．Plastics should be gathered together and reused.‎ F．But people can make a big difference.‎ G．It is convenient to use plastic bags in everyday life.‎ 语篇解读：一份新的报告指出：被丢弃的塑料汇聚到海洋，不仅严重污染了海洋环境，而且最终会通过鱼等海洋生物进入人体，危害人类健康。同时，该报告也指出了个人以及企业应该如何做来改善这种状况。‎ ‎1．选D　根据语境可判断出，D项承接上文“A new report says ...”，讲述的也是该报告的内容，故选D。‎ ‎2．选C　根据上下文语境以及常识可知，被丢弃在河里和其他航道的塑料最终会流入沿海地区和大洋水域，故选C。‎ ‎3．选A　空后说那意味着有害物质可能会进入我们的食物，而塑料最终是流入海洋的，因此，应该是鱼吃了塑料，然后我们吃鱼，故选A。‎ ‎4．选F　本段谈的是人类应该如何做才能减少塑料对海洋的污染，故F项“But people can make a big difference.”符合语境，总领该段。‎ ‎5．选B　空前讲的是报告要求企业改进塑料的使用方式，空后说它也需要塑料是如何被丢弃或停止使用的信息。空前后讲的都是与企业该如何做相关的内容，故B项“该报告呼吁企业要更好地权衡并且管理塑料的使用”衔接上下文。‎