2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit4Makingthenews单元学案（42页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit4Makingthenews单元学案（42页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit4Making the news单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．journalist n．[纵联1]　 记者；新闻工作者 ‎2．assignment n. 任务；分配 ‎3．submit vt. 递交；呈递(文件等)‎ ‎4．colleague n. 同事 ‎5．amateur n. 业余爱好者 ‎6．update vt. 更新；使现代化 ‎7．sceptical adj. 怀疑的 ‎8．dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境 ‎9．technical adj. 技术(上)的；技巧方面的 ‎10．department n. 部门；部；处；系 ‎11．deliberately adv. 故意地 ‎12．crime n. 罪行；犯罪 ‎13．accurate adj. 精确的；正确的 ‎14．senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高级的 ‎15．involve vt. 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与(卷入)……‎ ‎16．negative n. 底片；否定 adj. 否定的；消极的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．unusual adj. 不同寻常的；独特的 ‎2．eager adj. 渴望的；热切的 ‎3．acquire vt.[纵联2] 获得；取得；学到 ‎4．inform vt. 告知；通知 ‎5．deadline n. 最后期限 ‎6．meanwhile adv. 其间；同时 ‎7．case n. 情况；病例；案例 ‎8．accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告 ‎9．demand n. 需求；要求 vt. 强烈要求 ‎10．gifted adj. 有天赋的 ‎11．process vt. 加工；处理 n. 过程；程序；步骤 ‎12．polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色 ‎13．publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布 ‎14．chief adj. 主要的；首席的 n. 首领；长官 ‎15．thorough adj. 彻底的；详尽的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．concentrate vi.&vt.集中；聚集→concentration n．专心；集中 ‎→concentrated adj.全神贯注的 ‎2．guilty adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 ‎3．editor n．编辑→edition n．版(本)；版次→edit v．编辑 ‎4．approve vt.赞成；认可；批准→approval n．赞成；认可；批准→disapproval n．不赞成；反对[纵联3]‎ ‎5．appointment n．约会；任命→appoint vt.约定；任命 ‎6．assess vt.评估；评定→assessment n．评定；评估 ‎7．delighted adj.快乐的；欣喜的→delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜[纵联4]‎ ‎8．admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admire vt.钦佩；羡慕[纵联5]‎ ‎9．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理；售货员 ‎10．profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的；职业的n.专业人员 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.新闻媒体相关词汇一览 ‎①journalist n．记者；新闻工作者 ②reporter n．记者 ‎③editor n．编辑 ④chief editor主编 ‎⑤photographer n．摄影师 ⑥daily n．日报 ‎⑦weekly n．周报 ⑧mass media大众传播媒介 纵联2.“获得；得到”家族 ‎①acquire vt.获得；取得　 　 ②achieve vt.取得；获得 ‎③obtain vt.获得；得到 ④gain vt.&vi. 获得；赢得 ‎⑤win vt. 获得；赢得 ⑥get vt. 得到；收到 纵联3.“赞成”与“反对”高频词汇荟萃 ‎①approve vt.批准；赞成 ②favour vt.&n.赞成 ‎③support vt.支持；赞成 ④oppose vt.反对 ‎⑤object v．反对 ⑥against prep.反对 纵联4.后缀ed形容词扫描 ‎①delighted快乐的；欣喜的 ②concerned关心的 ‎③interested感兴趣的 ④married已婚的 ‎⑤surprised吃惊的 ⑥tired疲倦的 纵联5.后缀able形容词集锦 ‎①admirable令人钦佩的 ②comfortable舒适的 ‎③unbelievable难以置信的 ④honorable荣誉的；光荣的 ‎⑤reasonable合情合理的 ⑥respectable可敬的 ‎⑦valuable值钱的；贵重的 ⑧suitable合适的 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——新闻制作 子话题1　电子新闻媒体 ‎①broadcast n．&vt. 广播；播放 ‎②condemn vt. 谴责；指责 ‎③confirm v. 证实；证明；确认 ‎④conflict n. 冲突；争执；争论 ‎⑤dismiss vt. 让……离开；遣散；解散；解雇 ‎⑥distinguish v. 区分；辨别 ‎⑦emergency n. 紧急情况或状态 ‎⑧electronic books 电子读物 ‎⑨interview n．&vt. 采访；会见；面试 ‎⑩witness n. 目击者；见证人 vt. 目睹；见证 子话题2　报刊新闻媒体 ‎①public adj. 公众的；公开的 ‎②spread v. 扩散；蔓延 ‎③magazine n. 杂志 ‎④brochure n. 小册子 ‎⑤print v. 印刷 ‎⑥subscribe vt.&vi. 订阅；订购(报刊等)‎ ‎⑦monthly n. 月刊 ‎⑧media n. 新闻媒体 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2012•四川高考阅读C)I left university with a good degree in English Literature, but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an income. I tried __❶__， but I ‎ didn’t think I was any good, then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights __❷__ (assist) at a famous publisher. I loved working with books, although the job that I did was dull.‎ ‎①选词填空：__B__‎ A．journalist　　B．journalism　　C．journal ‎②用assist的适当形式填空：assistant，意为“助手”‎ ‎2．(2018•6月浙江高考阅读A)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels __❶__ (publish) in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody wanted to do it professionally❷.The steampowered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识字) rate in England was under 50%.‎ ‎①用publish的适当形式填空：published_‎ ‎②professionally在此意为“专职地”，写出它在本单元的同根名词：profession 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词补全/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我写信告诉你我们下次上课的时间。(inform)‎ I’m_writing_to_inform_you_of_the_time_for_our_next_class.‎ ‎2．(2016•江苏高考书面表达)投票者可能被组织者出于商业目的而利用，这是常有的事。(case)‎ As_is_often_the_case,_the voters are possibly taken advantage of by the organizers for commercial.‎ ‎3．(2015•重庆高考写作)与此同时，他们彼此交流思想和情感，通过这些他们能获得更多的知识。 (meanwhile, acquire)‎ Meanwhile,_they_exchange_ideas_and_feelings_with_each_other,_through_which_they_probably_acquire_more_knowledge.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)assist sb. to do sth.　　　　　 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 ‎(2)assistance n. 帮助；协助 come to one’s assistance 援助某人 ‎(3)assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The guide managed to assist the tourists to_find (find) somewhere to live during the Russia World Cup.‎ ‎②With the assistance (assist) of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.‎ ‎③We’re looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us_with the group’s work.‎ ‎④Mary was chosen as an assistant (assist) to help Mr. Brown finish his research.‎ ‎[用准]　assist只是表示辅助性的帮助；aid多指经济上或其他方面急需的援助；help用法则比较广泛，常用于日常谈话中，表示任何形式的帮助。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 在我的日常生活中，我认为帮助母亲做家务是我的责任。‎ ‎⑤In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist_my_mother_with the housework.‎ ‎⑥In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist_my_mother_to_do the housework.‎ ‎⑦In my daily life, I think it is my duty to assist_my_mother_in_doing the housework.‎ ‎2．inform vt.告知；通知 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)inform sb. of sth.　　 　　 　 告诉/通知某人某事 inform sb. that/when/how ... 通知某人……‎ keep sb. informed (of ...) 使某人随时了解(……)‎ ‎(2)information n．[U] 通知；消息；情报；信息 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)Just now, my cousin, who went to Australia for ‎ further study last year，informed (inform) me that he would return this Saturday morning and asked me to pick him up at the airport.‎ ‎②Please inform us of your decision and we will put it into action.‎ ‎③The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed (inform) of the programme’s progress.‎ 单句改错 ‎④(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.informations→information ‎[用准]　inform后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词of，构成inform sb.of sth.结构。‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎⑤(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I’m more than delighted to tell you the good news that a short English film will be shown this weekend.(升级加彩词汇)‎ ‎→I’m more than delighted to_inform_you_of_the_good_news that a short English film will be shown this weekend.‎ ‎3．case n．情况；病例；案例 ‎[记牢]‎ in case　　　　　　 假使；以防万一 in case of 假如发生；万一发生 in any case 无论如何 in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话 as is often the case 这是常有的事 ‎[练通]‎ 选用上述短语填空 ‎①(2018•6月浙江高考写作)I held the rope tightly in_case I might fall off.‎ ‎②As_is_often_the_case with other old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.‎ ‎③The meeting will be put off in_case_of the rain.‎ ‎④Enough space should be given to the kids. In_that_case,_they will get more life experiences.‎ 熟词生义　写出加彩词在语境中的含义 ‎⑤Unless we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case. 官司 ‎[写美]　句式升级 ‎⑥We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.‎ ‎→In_no_case_should_we_do_anything that goes against the interests of people.(倒装句)‎ ‎4．demand n．需求；要求vt.强烈要求 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be in (great) demand　　　　　　 (迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands 满足某人的需求 ‎(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand of sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事 ‎(3)demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的；费力的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①First, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.‎ ‎②My father came down and demanded to_know (know) what was going on.‎ ‎③Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding (demand) customers.‎ 单句改错 ‎④The manger demanded that they would try to meet their customers’ demands.‎ would→should或去掉would ‎[用准]　(1)demand的主语是物时，常用demand doing或demand to be done结构。类似用法的词还有require, need, deserve。(2)“要求某人做……”不可用demand sb. to do ...，但可用demand of sb. to do ...。(3)demand后通常不接双宾语。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 这位老师要求学生们准时到校。‎ ‎⑤‎ The_teacher_demands_that_the_students_(should)_go_to_school_on_time.(demand that ...)‎ ‎⑥The_teacher_demands_of_the_students_to_go_to_school_on_time. (demand of sb. to do sth.)‎ ‎5．approve vt.赞成；认可；批准 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)approve sth.　　　　　　 批准/通过某事 approve of (sb./one’s) doing sth. 赞同/同意(某人)做某事 ‎(2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准；通过 get one’s approval 得到某人的同意 give one’s approval to ... 同意/批准……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①A survey done recently shows that not all parents approve of_their children taking part in the weekend classes.‎ ‎②I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval (approve)．‎ ‎③I approve of your_trying (try) to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.‎ ‎[用准]　“赞同/同意某人做某事”不可说成approve sb. to do sth., 因为approve用作“同意；赞同”时是不及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb./one’s doing sth.，其中介词of后是动词ing的复合结构。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 ‎(2017•北京高考书面表达)‎ 老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。‎ ‎④The teacher_gave_his_approval_to_us_making_a_video_to_record_our_experiences at school.(approval)‎ ‎⑤The teacher approved_of_us_making_a_video_to_record_our_experiences at school.‎ ‎(approve)‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published (发行；出版) Monday.‎ ‎2．He was accused (指控) of robbing a bank and was sentenced to ten years in prison.‎ ‎3．The old man is eager (渴望的) to come back to his hometown after living abroad for many years.‎ ‎4．Be quick! We must get this report finished by tomorrow’s deadline (最后期限)．‎ ‎5．In order to ensure success we must have a complete and thorough (详尽的) plan.‎ ‎6．The English department (系) of our school will hold a party to celebrate Christmas.‎ ‎7．Mum is angry with dad. She has been_deliberately (故意地) ignoring him all day.‎ ‎8．Your brother looks quite delighted (高兴的); he must have been admitted as a member of the football team.‎ ‎9．You should phone his secretary if you want to make an appointment (预约)．‎ ‎10．The truth is that the committee gave its approval (赞同；批准) to the plan after a second thought.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．In our daily life, we sometimes come across a number of cases where people suffer from heart attacks.‎ ‎2．The man was clever, and gifted (gift) with a sharp business brain.‎ ‎3．As you know, to_acquire (acquire) a good knowledge of Chinese, you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.‎ ‎4．I still feel guilty (guilt) about things I said to my father when I was a teenager.‎ ‎5．The manager put up a notice to keep the staff informed (inform) of what to do this week.‎ ‎6．If you want to win a prize in the contest, you’d better have your essay polished (polish)．‎ ‎7．I waited patiently hoping that someone would come to my assistance (assist)．‎ ‎8．She was in a dilemma whether to stay at school or get a job.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Leave your key with your neighbor in case of you lock yourself out one day.去掉of ‎2．Mr.Black is an experienced engineer, and he will be employed to assist us improving our equipment.us后加in ‎3．My English teacher demanded me to recite the whole passage in front of the class.me前加of ‎4．By doing well at school he hoped to win his parents’ approve.approve→approval ‎5．Although he has been studying abroad, his parents try to keep him inform of what has happened at home.inform→informed Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．比我大三岁的丈夫非常体贴，总是把我放在首位。(senior)‎ My husband, who is_three_years_senior_to me, is very considerate and always places me in the first place. ‎ ‎2．这个班级的学生渴望学习新知识以解决更难的问题。(eager)‎ The students in this class are_eager_to_learn_new_knowledge in order to solve more difficult problems.‎ ‎3．由于被指控偷钱，这个人被带到了法庭。‎ ‎①Accused_of_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court. (accuse)‎ ‎②Charged_with_stealing_money,_the man was brought to the court.(charge)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．concentrate_on　　　　　　　 集中；全神贯注于 ‎2．depend_on [串记1] 依靠；依赖；取决于 ‎3．accuse_...of 因……指责或控告……‎ ‎4．so_as_to_(do_sth.) 为了(做)……‎ ‎5．ahead_of 在……前面 ‎6．have_a_nose_for_... 对……很敏感；善于发现 ‎7．keep_in_mind [串记2] 记住 ‎8．look_forward_to 盼望；期望 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“动词＋on”短语荟萃 ‎①depend on依靠；依赖 ②insist on坚持 ‎③put on穿上 ④feed on以……为生 ‎⑤take on承担 ⑥carry on继续；进行 ‎⑦concentrate on集中 ⑧try on试穿 ‎⑨pass on传递；继续 ⑩turn/switch on打开 串记2.mind相关短语大全 ‎①bear/keep ...in mind 记住……‎ ‎②bring ...to mind 使……想起 ‎③make up one’s mind 下定决心 ‎④change one’s mind 改变主意 ‎⑤have ... in mind 想要 ‎ ‎ ‎1．be happy_with_ 对……满意 ‎2．get absorbed in_ 专心于，全神贯注于 ‎3．by accident 偶然 ‎4．be supposed_to_ 应该 ‎5．take photographs 拍照 ‎6．miss the deadline 错过最后期限 ‎7．take notes 做笔记 ‎8．an experienced journalist 一位有经验的记者 ‎ ‎ ‎1．Never_will_Zhou_Yang_(ZY)_forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.‎ 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英语报纸的第一项工作任务。‎ ‎2．His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to_strongly_influence his life as a journalist.‎ 他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。‎ ‎3．Not_only_am_I_interested_in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.‎ 对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还选修过业余摄影课来更新我的摄影技术。‎ ‎4．Only_if_you_ask_many_different_questions_will_you acquire all the information you need to know.‎ 只有提很多不同的问题，你才能收集到你所需要的信息。‎ ‎5．Have you ever had a_case_where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?‎ 你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate_on_her_studies (集中精力学习)．‎ ‎2．(2016•浙江高考阅读A)The effects of gossip vary depending_on (取决于) the situation.‎ ‎3．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ完形填空)Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead_of_me (在我的前面)．‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•6月浙江高考写作)我的确期望尽快收到你的回信。(look forward to)‎ I_do_look_forward_to_receiving_your_reply_letter_as_soon_as_possible.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你不了解唐朝的历史，你是永远不会学好唐诗的。(否定词置于句首)‎ Never_will_you_learn_Tang_Poetry_well_if_you_don’t_know_anything_about_the_history_of_Tang_Dynasty.‎ ‎3．(2015•浙江高考书面表达)通过这样做，我不仅能与他人分享好的想法，而且还学会清楚地表达自己。(not only ... but also ...倒装句)‎ By_doing_so,_not_only_can_I_share_good_ideas_with_others_but_also_learn_to_express_myself_clearly.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．concentrate on集中；全神贯注于 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)concentrate on (doing) sth.　　　　 专心于(做)某事 concentrate one’s mind/attention/energy on ‎ 集中注意力/精力于；致力于；专心于 ‎(2)concentration n. 集中；专心 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate on our studies.‎ ‎②He concentrated his energy on studying (study) the history of Britain.‎ ‎③Speaking on the phone requires concentration (concentrate) and takes a driver’s attention from the road.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 你若集中精力学习英语，你会掌握这门语言的。(concentrate)‎ ‎④If you concentrate_your_energy_on English, you will master the language.‎ ‎⑤Concentrate_your_energy_on English, and you will master the language.(祈使句)‎ ‎⑥Concentrating_your_energy_on English will enable you to master the language.(动名词作主语)‎ ‎2．depend on依靠；依赖 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)depend on sb. to do/one’s doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 依靠某人做某事 depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人供给某物 depend on/upon it that ... 指望……；对……深信不疑 ‎(2)That depends./It (all) depends. 视情况而定。‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①You can depend on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.‎ ‎②You can never depend on his arriving (arrive) on time.‎ ‎③He depends on his parents to_take (take) care of his children. ‎ ‎④Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑤The teacher will put forward a variety of questions, depend on your different answers.depend→depending ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥一个小孩是否能健康成长取决于他生活的环境。‎ Whether_a_child_can_grow_up_healthily_or_not_depends_on_the_surroundings_in_which_he_lives.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．否定词置于句首的部分倒装 ‎[教材原句]　Never_will_Zhou_Yang_(ZY)_forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Never_will_I_forget (我永远不会忘记) the accident that happened in my own childhood, which left a deep impression on me.‎ ‎(2)Hardly_had_we_left_the_dormitory (我们刚离开宿舍) the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.‎ ‎(3)On_no_condition_can_we_give_up_our_dreams (我们决不能放弃梦想); only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。‎ ‎(2)常用否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not, little, seldom,‎ ‎ hardly, scarcely, neither, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition等。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•北京高考书面表达)To be frank, never is studying for a degree easy in a different culture.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)Never have I seen such a moving film before.(要点句)‎ ‎2．先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句 ‎[教材原句]　Have you ever had a_case_where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎(1)I can think of many cases_where students knew quite a few English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.‎ ‎(2)(2018•6月浙江高考)Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.‎ ‎(3)(2015•天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.‎ ‎(4)He is in a dangerous situation where he doesn’t know how to deal with.where→that/which_‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)当先行词为抽象地点名词case, system, point, stage, occasion, position, situation, condition, activity, race, job, scene, competition,‎ ‎ atmosphere等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。‎ ‎(2)抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果缺少主语或宾语则需用关系代词that或which。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Have you ever had a case where you could not get along well with reading with much grammar？(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2017•江苏高考书面表达)China has reached a stage where its economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase of the boxoffice income is possible.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 depend on， look forward to， ahead of， keep in mind， so as to， concentrate on ‎1．I am looking_forward_to meeting you tomorrow.‎ ‎2．You must keep_in_mind that there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world, so don’t be lazy.‎ ‎3．The noise of the construction in the neighborhood was so loud that Jane had some difficulty concentrating_on her study.‎ ‎4．The World Bank president says the most important issue now is to act quickly so_as_to reduce economic losses.‎ ‎5．Thanks to your hard work, we can finish the task ahead_of schedule.‎ ‎6．Some experts think that reading is the fundamental skill which school education depends_on.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．因为你既聪明又勤奋，你当记者的梦想一定会实现的。(be to do)‎ Your dream of becoming a journalist is_to_come_true because you are wise and hardworking.‎ ‎2．讲座将涉及许多英语初学者不能正确使用语言的情况。(抽象地点名词＋定语从句)‎ The lecture will cover a_number_of_cases_where_beginners of English fail to use the language properly.‎ ‎3．她不仅重视阅读，而且她每天至少抽出20分钟来阅读。(倒装句)‎ Not_only_does_she_attach_importance_to_reading,_but also she spares at least 20 minutes every day to read.‎ ‎4．只有我们用正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，我们才会实现梦想。(倒装句)‎ Only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will_we_achieve_our_dreams.‎ ‎5．在昨天的考试中他没有犯一个错误。(否定词置于句首的倒装句)‎ Not_a_single_mistake_did_he make in yesterday’s exam.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，某英文报社招聘记者，你打算应聘。请按以下要求给负责人John写一封申请信，内容包括：‎ ‎1．写信目的；‎ ‎2．自身优势；‎ ‎3．表达愿望。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的申请信，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。本文可分为三个层次：开头自我介绍并点明写信的目的——应聘记者，为下文介绍自身优势做好铺垫；主体部分应介绍自身优势(属于半开放作文)，考生应根据成为优秀记者的优点适当发挥想象，如：对新闻有敏感的嗅觉；精通英语；容易相处；能集中精力于一些事实细节等；结尾表达愿望并表示感谢。‎ 要点1－①：我是李华，新华中学的一名学生。‎ I’m_Li_Hua,_a_student_from_Xinhua_Middle_School.‎ 要点1－②：我写信申请记者职位。‎ I’m_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_journalist.‎ 要点2－①：我精通英语，而且容易相处。(command)‎ I_have_a_good_command_of_English_and_I_am_easy_to_get_along_with.‎ 要点2－②：我对新闻有敏感的嗅觉，以至于被派去采访过发生在校园里的一些故事。(have a nose for)‎ I_have_so_good_a_nose_for_news_that_I_have_been_sent_to_cover_the_stories_happening_in_the_campus.‎ 要点2－③：我不仅能提问各种各样的问题，而且能集中精力于一些事实细节。‎ I_can_not_only_ask_various_questions_but_can_concentrate_on_some_detailed_facts.‎ 要点2－④：依靠他们所说的，我能很快地准备下个问题。‎ I_can_prepare_next_question_quickly_depending_on_what_they_say.‎ 要点2－⑤：我细心又勤奋。‎ I’m_careful_and_diligent.‎ 要点3：如果您能批准我的申请并通知我面试我将感激不尽。(approve)‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_approve_my_application_and_inform_me_of_the_interview.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为使要点在内容上和形式上更丰满，需要添加适当的修饰语并增加细节或使用高级表达。如：要点2－②使用so ...that ...倒装句型增加文章的亮点；要点2－③添加时间状语“当谈到获取信息时”并使用not only ...but also ...倒装句型提升作文档次；要点2－⑤可增加细心勤奋的结果。‎ 升级要点2－②：我对新闻有敏感的嗅觉，以至于被派去采访过发生在校园里的一些故事。(so ...that ...倒装句型)‎ So_good_a_nose_for_news_do_I_have_that_I_have_been_sent_to_cover_the_stories_happening_in_the_campus.‎ 拓展要点2－③：当谈到获取信息时，我不仅能提问各种各样的问题，而且能集中精力于一些事实细节。(when it comes to ..., not only位于句首的倒装句型)‎ When_it_comes_to_acquiring_the_information,_not_only_can_I_ask_various_questions_but_can_concentrate_on_some_detailed_facts.‎ 拓展要点2－⑤：我如此细心又勤奋以至于我坚信我可以成为一名好记者。(so ...that)‎ I’m_so_careful_and_diligent_that_I_firmly_believe_I_can_be_a_good_journalist.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合文章要点，本写作可分为三段来行文。写作时可对各要点进行适当整合，并根据上下文逻辑关系可添加连接词meanwhile， in addition做好文章的过渡衔接。‎ Dear_John，‎ I’m_Li_Hua,_a_student_from_Xinhua_Middle_School.I’m_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_a_journalist.‎ I_have_a_good_command_of_English_and_I_am_easy_to_get_along_with.So_good_a_nose_for_news_do_I_have_that_I_have_been_sent_to_cover_the_stories_happening_in_the_campus.When_it_comes_to_acquiring_the_information,_not_only_can_I_ask_various_questions_but_can_conc entrate_on_some_detailed_facts.Meanwhile,_I_can_prepare_next_question_quickly_depending_on_what_they_say.In_addition,_I’m_so_careful_and_diligent_that_I_firmly_believe_I_can_be_a_good_journalist.‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_approve_my_application_and_inform_me_of_the_interview.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清句间结构之(一)　总分 一般来说，段落的首句常是主题句，起到总领的作用，后面句子是对主题句的论证和分析，有时通过引用一些句子进行说明。利用句子间的这种“总分”关系，可准确解答阅读七选五类题目。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅲ•阅读七选五 Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.‎ ‎__36__ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.‎ A．So why do we dance?‎ B．Dance in the U．S. is everywhere.‎ C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.‎ D．My older students say it makes them feel young.　　‎ E．I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.‎ F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. ‎ G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.‎ 由位置可知36题为主题句，为总，根据其后的细节支撑句“We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，舞蹈在美国无处不在。B项符合要求。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•全国卷Ⅲ•阅读七选五 Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies in resetting your body clock.__16__ Here’s how to make one.‎ ‎•__17__ In order to make a change, you need to decide why it’s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.‎ ‎•Rethink mornings ...‎ ‎•Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends ...‎ ‎•Keep a record and evaluate it weekly ...‎ A．Get a sleep specialist.　　　　　　　　 　‎ B．Find the right motivation.‎ C．A better plan for sleep can help. ‎ D．And consider setting a second alarm.‎ E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.‎ F．Stick to your set bedtime and wakeup time, no matter the day.‎ G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.‎ 第16题空格前一句为主题句，为总，介绍了早上起床变得简单的关键是重新设置生物钟，后一句为细节支撑句，提出要制定一个调节计划，因此得出第16题的答案为C项。‎ 由位置可知17题为主题句，为本题的总；根据后面的细节支撑句“In order to make a change”和“Once you are clear about your reasons”可以断定B项为正确答案。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2016•全国卷Ⅲ•阅读七选五 ‎__38__ Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. __39(A)__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.‎ A.Do not buy it.‎ B．The easiest is to steam it.‎ C．This is how you can do it.‎ D．It just requires a little knowledge.　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ E．The fish will go bad within hours.‎ F．When buying fish, you should first smell it. ‎ G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.‎ 第38空考查段首主题句。根据段落中提供的细节：围绕如何通过嗅觉来鉴别鱼是否新鲜，由此可以推出F项为本段的主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻一闻”。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•绵阳诊断)German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash (废物) to make sculptures.“We are living in the time of garbage，” says Schult.“I created a thousand sculptures of garbage.They are a mirror of ourselves.” Here, Schult was talking about his 1,000 trash sculptures in the form of humans.He first exhibited them in 1996 in the western German state of North RhineWestphalia.‎ ‎“They are social sculptures，” he explains.“They are not only sculptures for the eyes.They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” So far, Schult’s social sculptures have been on show in Paris, in Moscow’s Red Square, on the Great Wall of China, and in the desert next to the Pyramids of Giza near Cairo.‎ HA Schult’s work is unforgettable.Although his work has had a big ‎ influence on the art world, Schult remains modest about his creations: “Artists have to learn every time.We are not important.All that counts is the time in which we are living.”‎ Trash art has been around for years.But it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash.Why can’t common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art? Maybe it’s because we all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isn’t, or whom artists are or should be.‎ You can be an artist like Schult if you try.Look at used metal cans.What might be done with them? Imagine them in any number of new uses, or imagine them simply as an art form.What about boxes or clothing? Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets.And clothing？Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了一位德国艺术家利用垃圾创造艺术作品的故事，并以此鼓励读者行动起来，为环保出一份力。‎ ‎1．What do we know about Schult’s sculptures?‎ A．They served as garbage containers.‎ B．They reflected environmental issues.‎ C．They were first shown in Paris, France.‎ D．They were to raise economic awareness.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.”可知，Schult的作品反映了环境问题，故选B。‎ ‎2．HA Schult’s artistic works also get the message across that an artist must ________.‎ A．be socially responsible B．be as modest as possible C．make garbage recyclable D．take diverse artistic forms 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“All that counts is the time in which we are living.”和第二段的整体内容可推知，Schult的作品同样传递了这样一个思想，即艺术家除了自己的艺术追求之外，也应该有社会责任感。故选A。‎ ‎3．According to the last 2 paragraphs, the author probably agrees that ________.‎ A．it takes talent to be a trash artist B．preset ideas are important to artists C．trash art can’t be seen as a real art form D．average people can also make trash artists 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”可知，作者认为普通人也可以利用周围的废物或者垃圾而成为一位艺术家，故选D。‎ ‎4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?‎ A．Could You Be a Trash Artist?‎ B．What Are Social Sculptures?‎ C．Do You Know about Trash Art?‎ D．How Can We Deal with Used Cans?‎ 解析：选A　标题归纳题。文章最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”点题，再结合全文内容可推知，本文主要通过讲述一位艺术家利用垃圾创造艺术作品的故事，激励人们行动起来，为环保作贡献，人人都可以成为一位艺术家，故A项最适合作文章标题。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•江西名校联盟检测)From a young age, my parents have taught me the importance of giving generously to the less fortunate. Out of __1__， whenever there is something I can __2__， I give it to someone on the streets.‎ Last week, __3__ I left the house to run a few errands (差事), I carried with me some old clothes, some food and a handbag to hand over to someone __4__.‎ As the car __5__ at a traffic signal, I saw a girl of five or six asking for money. I __6__ her to come to me and quickly __7__ all the things I had. As I started handing them over, she seemed __8__. She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked what was in the __9__. I told her there were some clothes and food for her.‎ ‎__10__ she looked up at me and asked, “Can you give me some water？” It was then that I noticed her __11__ lips. It seemed as if she had not had a drop of water all day.‎ I __12__ my bottle of water that I always carried with me and helped her to drink from it. She finished it quickly and gave me a heartwarming smile of __13__.‎ I was thankful that I could __14__ her simple wish! I realized once again that day that you don’t necessarily have to make big __15__ to help someone. This experience __16__ once again my belief in the __17__ acts of kindness and how they can make someone’s __18__.‎ The next time you want to do something nice for someone, don’t __19__， waiting for the right chance. __20__ and do it!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者帮助一个女孩的故事以及由此产生的一些感悟。‎ ‎1．A.respect　　　　　　　 　B．habit C．sympathy D．kindness 解析：选B　上文作者提到从小父母就教育自己要对不幸的人慷慨解囊，所以此处指出于习惯(habit)。respect“敬重”；sympathy“同情心”。‎ ‎2．A.afford B．get C．spare D．serve 解析：选C　出于习惯，每当有可以提供(给别人)的东西的时候，作者就会把它送给流浪街头的人。故选spare“(‎ 尤指不会造成不便或损失地)供给，给予”。‎ ‎3．A.as B．until C．once D．before 解析：选A　上星期，当作者离开家去办差事的时候，作者带了一些旧衣服、食物和一个手提包去送给一些贫穷的人。根据语境可知，应选as。‎ ‎4．A.needy B．sick C．disabled D．sad 解析：选A　参见上题解析。needy意为“缺食物(钱)的，贫困的”。‎ ‎5．A.parked B．stared C．turned D．paused 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处指的是车停在了交通信号灯处。故选pause“暂停，停顿”。‎ ‎6．A.phoned B．signaled C．advised D．allowed 解析：选B　根据语境可知，此处是指作者招手示意(signaled)女孩过来。‎ ‎7．A.threw B．fetched C．packed D．collected 解析：选D　女孩过来后，作者把自己放在车里的衣服和食物快速收集(collected)在一起。‎ ‎8．A.ashamed B．upset C．embarrassed D．astonished 解析：选D　根据语境及下文女孩问问题可以推知，女孩很吃惊(astonished)。ashamed“羞耻的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”。‎ ‎9．A.car B．bag C．bottle D．clothes 解析：选B　根据上文内容可知，作者出门时带的东西有衣服、食物和手提包。所以作者这里应是把衣服和食物装在包(bag)里送给她。‎ ‎10．A.Then B．Next C．Again D．But 解析：选C　根据空后的“she looked up at me and asked”以及上文中的”“She looked up at me with a sweet smile on her face and asked”可知，此处应是指女孩再一次(Again)抬起头来看作者并问道。‎ ‎11．A.dirty B．pale C．thick D．dry 解析：选D　根据下文中的“It seemed as if she had not had a drop of water all day.”可知，女孩由于缺水嘴唇比较干(dry)。‎ ‎12．A.pointed out B．picked out C．gave out D．took out 解析：选D　作者取出(took out)随身携带的一瓶水。point out“指出，指明”；pick out“挑选”；give out“分发，发出”。‎ ‎13．A.happiness B．pleasure C．appreciation D．welcome 解析：选C　根据语境可知，女孩喝完作者递给她的水后，应是流露出感激的微笑。appreciation“感激，欣赏”。‎ ‎14．A.satisfy B．attain C．promise D．realize 解析：选A　女孩那时的心愿是有水喝，所以作者满足(satisfy)了她的心愿。attain“达到，获得”；promise“承诺”；realize“实现”。‎ ‎15．A.differences B．ambitions C．achievements D．donations 解析：选D　那一天作者再次意识到你没有必要给予大额的捐赠(donations)来帮助他人。ambition“追求，理想”；achievement“成就”。‎ ‎16．A.found B．doubted C．showed D．proved 解析：选D　这再次证明(proved)了作者的信仰：简单的(simple)善举以及这些善举是如何给人们带来幸福的。‎ ‎17．A.unique B．simple C．reliable D．polite 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎18．A.day B．fortune C．dream D．life 解析：选A　参见第16题解析。make one’s day“给某人带来幸福”。‎ ‎19．A.hold on B．hold up C．hold back D．hold down 解析：选C　根据下文“waiting for the right chance”可知，此处作者想要表达的是下次你想帮别人时，不要犹豫。故选hold back“犹豫”。hold on“不挂断电话，等一等”；hold up“举起，阻挡”；hold down“压制，保住”。‎ ‎20．A.Take care B．Speed up C．Go ahead D．Look out 解析：选C　此处是作者鼓励别人去做助人为乐的事。go ahead“开始吧，开始(做某事)”符合语境。take care“提防，注意”；speed up“加速”；look out“注意，当心”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•成都市重点中学高三段考)In today’s world of mobile payment, all we really need __1__ (survive) is a smartphone. But one company is hoping to make traditional wallets cool again, by __2__ (bring) them into the digital age.‎ Armenian firm Volterman’s smart wallet takes security to a new level. It’s fitted with different technology, such as __3__ alarm, a GPS tracker, and even a camera. If your smartphone and wallet become separate, the alarm will warn you __4__ you don’t leave it behind. And if your wallet __5__ (lose) or stolen, the GPS tracker can help you reach it.‎ Even __6__ (interesting) is the frontfacing camera. “If someone dares to open your wallet __7__ permission, a little camera inside __8__‎ ‎ (take) a picture and send it to your mobile phone. You will find it __9__ (easy) by receiving a picture of the thief，” Azat Tovmasyan, Volterman’s founder, told news site Banks.am.‎ The hightech wallet will be released later this year and will come in three __10__ (model), with the cheapest expected to cost $179.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种即将上市的智能钱包。‎ ‎1．to survive　考查非谓语动词。need to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“需要做某事”。‎ ‎2．bringing　考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词by可知，空处作该介词的宾语，故用动名词形式。‎ ‎3．an　考查冠词。根据该句中的“a GPS tracker, and even a camera”并结合语境可知，该处泛指“一个警报器”，且alarm的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。‎ ‎4．so　考查连词。根据空处前后的句意可知，空处前后表示因果关系，故用so引导该结果状语从句。‎ ‎5．is lost　考查动词的时态和语态。if引导的条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，故空处用一般现在时；根据语境可知，空处表示钱包被丢失，故用is lost。‎ ‎6．more interesting　考查形容词的比较级。上文介绍了如果你的钱包丢失或被盗，GPS跟踪器可以帮助你找到的情况，结合该句中的“Even”可知，此处表示“更令人感兴趣的是前置摄像头”。故该处用形容词的比较级。‎ ‎7．without　考查介词。根据语境可知，如果有人胆敢在未经允许的情况下打开你的钱包，里面的一个小相机就会拍下照片并发送到你的智能手机上。without permission意为“未经允许”，为固定用法。‎ ‎8．will take　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，该句为主从复合句，从句为if引导的条件状语从句，使用了一般现在时，故主句用一般将来时。‎ ‎9．easily　考查副词。空处修饰动词find，故用副词形式。‎ ‎10．models　考查名词复数。model为可数名词，根据空前的数词“three”可知，该处用复数形式。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Mr.Thomas，‎ I learned from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I had a friend, David, who is good for English. I think he is the right person for a post.‎ David does well in write in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holding in our school. What’s much, David is a friendly boy and he’s always ready to help other whenever he is needed. And, most important, he gets on well with all his classmates and willing to work for the good of the team.‎ Please offer to him a chance. I’m sure he will give you a surprise.‎ Yours，‎ Sam 答案：第二句：had→have; for→at 第三句：a→the 第四句：write→writing; holding→held 第五句：much→more; other→others 第六句：important→importantly; and后加is 第七句：去掉to