【英语】2018届二轮复习常见动词的一词多义现象学案（25页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习常见动词的一词多义现象学案（25页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 常见动词的一词多义现象 ‎1. cost The ticket cost me ten dollars.（此句中cost用作及物动词,意为“花费”,这是cost的常用法之一。）‎ The cost of living is much higher now than it was two years ago. （此句中cost用作名词,意为“价格,成本,费用”,这是它的常用法之二。）‎ cost除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① Has this project been costed? (cost用作及物动词,意为“估价,估计成本”。)‎ ‎② I must get the book at all costs. (at all costs意为“无论如何,不惜任何代价”。)‎ ‎③ She saved him from drowning, but at the cost of her own life. (at the cost of sth.意为“以牺牲某事物为代价”。)‎ ‎2. deal Teachers should deal fairly with their pupils. （此句中deal用作不及物动词,常和with连用,意为“对待”,这是deal的常用法。）‎ deal还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎①She spent a good deal of money on new clothes. (a good deal of意为“很多,大量”后接不可数名词。)‎ ‎②We tried to make sure everyone got a fair deal. (a fair deal意为“公平的待遇”。)‎ ‎③My bank deals in stocks and shares now. (deal in意为“经营”。)‎ ‎④The teacher dealt out the test papers to the students. (deal out意为“分发”。)‎ ‎3. interest interest在教材中的意思为“兴趣”和“使感兴趣”,分别作名词和动词用。‎ The money I borrowed from him was repaid with interest.‎ What he did was just to protect his own interests.‎ 上面句子中的两个interest都作名词用。作“利息”讲时,为不可数名词;作“利益,好处”讲时,多用复数形式。‎ 第一句可译为“我向他借的那笔钱是带息偿还的。”;第二句可译为“他所做的一切仅仅是为了保护他自己的利益。”‎ ‎4. drive Can you drive a car? (drive用作动词,意思为“开车,驾驶”,是教材中的第一种用法。)‎ Let’s go for a drive in the country. (drive用作名词,意思为“驱车旅行”,是教材中的第二种用法。)‎ 除了以上用法外, drive还有其它用法。如：‎ ‎①The workers carried on a drive for greater efficiency last month. (drive用作名词,意思为“运动”。)‎ ‎②There are three buses parked on the drive. (drive用作名词,意思为“车道”。)‎ ‎③Poverty drove the little boy to steal. (drive用作动词,意思为“驱使”。)‎ ‎④I’m sure that I’ve driven my opinion home.(drive sth. home意思为“把……讲透彻,使充分理解”。)‎ ‎⑤Please drive the dog away. (drive sb./sth. away意思为“把……赶跑”。)‎ ‎5. join v.& n.‎ What club do you want to join?（此句中的join是及物动词,意为“加入,参加”,这是其最常见的用法。）‎ 另外它还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎①The two rivers join at the bridge.(此句中的join是不及物动词,意为“会合,联合,相遇”。)‎ ‎②The two pieces were stuck together so well that we could hardly see the join.(此句中的join是名词,意为“连接处,接缝”。)‎ ‎6. dream dream在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“做梦,梦到”;用作名词时意思为“梦想,幻想”。‎ dream除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：‎ Her new dress is an absolute dream. (dream用作名词,意思为“美丽或美好的人或事物”。)‎ My aunt’s wedding ceremony went like a dream. (go like a dream是固定短语,意思为“非常顺利,完美”。)‎ ‎7. know I’ve known David for 20 years.‎ I hope we have taught our children to know right from wrong.‎ The old man has known both poverty and wealth.‎ know在教材中的意思为“知道,了解”,作动词用。在上面的三个句子中, know都作动词用,第一个know的意思为“认识”;第二个know的意思为“区分”;第三个know的意思为“亲身经历”。‎ ‎8. fail If you don’t work hard, you may fail.（此句中fail意为“失败;不及格,没有通过考试”。）‎ fail还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① He never fails to write to his mother every week.‎ ‎(fail意为“忘记、忽视或未能做某事”。)‎ ‎② She has been failing in health.‎ ‎(fail in意为“(健康状况)衰退”。)‎ ‎③ His friends failed him when he most needed them.‎ ‎(fail意为“使失望, 辜负”。)‎ ‎④ I had three passes and one fail.‎ ‎(fail用作名词,意为“考试不及格”。)‎ ‎⑤ I’ll be there at two o’clock without fail.‎ ‎(without fail意为“肯定,一定,必定”。)‎ ‎9. lead lead在教材中有两种用法:用作动词时意思为“引导,领导”;用作形容词时意思为“领导的,领先的,带领的”。‎ 除了教材中的用法外,lead还有以下几种用法。如：‎ Which road leads to the mountain? (lead用作动词,意思为“通向,通往”。)‎ My grandmother is leading a quiet life in the countryside. (lead用作动词,意思为“过某种生活”。)‎ Not having a balanced diet can lead to health problems. (lead用作动词,意思为“导致”。)‎ Her brother took the lead in the high jump. (lead用作名词,意思为“领先地位”。)‎ In this new film, she is the lead. (lead用作名词,意思为“主角”。)‎ ‎10. fall The leaves fall in autumn. （此句中fall用作动词,意为“落下,下降”,这是其常用法。）‎ fall还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎①I had a fall and broke my arm. (fall用作名词,意为“跌落,掉下,降落”。)‎ ‎②Our holiday plans fell through because of bad weather. (fall through 意为“落空,未能实现,成为泡影”。)‎ ‎③My car is falling apart. (fall apart意为“破裂,破碎,散架”。)‎ ‎④We fell about (laughing) when we heard the joke. (fall about意为“无法控制地大笑”。)‎ ‎⑤Sam, please fall back on old friends in time of need. (fall back on意为“求助于,退到”。)‎ ‎11. low The sun is low in the sky. （此句中low用作形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,这是low的常用法。）‎ low还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① She’s been feeling rather low since her illness. (low用作形容词,意为“消沉的”。)‎ ‎② The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high. (low用作副词,意为“低价地,廉价地”。)‎ ‎③ The gas is running low. (run low意为“几乎耗尽”。)‎ ‎12. blind She is blind in the left eye. （此句中blind用作形容词,意为“瞎的,盲人的”,这是blind的常用法。）‎ blind还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① The blinds were drawn to protect the new furniture from the sun. (blind用作名词,意为“窗帘,遮光物”。)‎ ‎② The soldier was blinded in the explosion. (blind用作动词,意为“使失明”。)‎ ‎③ This is a blind letter. (blind letter意为“因地址写得不清而无法投寄的信件”。)‎ ‎④ He turned a blind eye to her mistakes. (turn a blind eye to意为“对……熟视无睹”。)‎ ‎⑤ He’s blind as a bat without his glasses. (blind as a bat意为“完全看不见东西的”。)‎ ‎13. film 大家都很熟悉film作名词时有“电影”的意思。‎ 除此之外film还有其它的意思。如：‎ ‎①I put a new roll of film in my camera. (film在此句中作名词,意思为“胶卷,胶片”。)‎ ‎②It took them nearly a year to film this TV series. (film在此句中作动词,意思为“拍摄”。)‎ ‎14. land The pilot landed the plane safely in the heavy snow. （此句中的land用作及物动词,意为“使着陆”,这是land的常用法之一。）‎ The journey to the far side of the island is quicker by land than by sea. （此句中的land用作名词,意为“陆地,大地”,这是land的常用法之二。）‎ 除了以上用法外,land还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① Many farmers are leaving the land to work in industry. (the land意为“农村,农业”。)‎ ‎② The car will land you there in twenty minutes.(land用作动词,意为“使到达,把……送到某地”。)‎ ‎③ He’s really landed himself in it this time. (land sb. / oneself in sth. 意为“使某人陷入困境”。)‎ ‎④ He wants to see how the land lies before taking any action.( how the land lies意为“事态,形势,概况”。)‎ ‎15. cause She’s always causing trouble. （此句中cause用作及物动词,意为“使发生,引起”,这是cause的常用法。）‎ cause还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎①Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. (cause用作可数名词,意为“原因,理由”。)‎ ‎②People fought for the cause of freedom and peace. (cause用作名词,意为“事业,目标”。)‎ ‎16. full The theater is full, I’m afraid you’ll have to wait for the next show. （此句中full用作形容词,意为“满的,充满的”,这是full的常用法。）‎ full还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① Jack hit him full in the face. (full用作副词,意为“直接地,精确地”。)‎ ‎② Use your abilities to the full. (to the full 意为“充分地,彻底地”。)‎ ‎③ He told me the story in full. (in full意为“全部地,全文地”。)‎ ‎17. clean We must keep our hands clean. （此句中的clean用作形容词,意为“干净的,清洁的”,这是clean的常用法之一。）‎ She is cleaning the blackboard. （此句中的clean用作动词,意为“弄干净,清洁”,这是clean的常用法之二。）‎ 除了以上用法外,clean还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① I clean forgot about it. (clean用作副词,意为“彻底地,完全地,全部地”。)‎ ‎② The car needs a good clean. (clean用作名词,意为“清洁过程,清扫”。)‎ ‎③ The government should come clean about its plans. (come clean意为“说出真相,全盘招供”。)‎ ‎④ We clean the machine down at the end of each day. (clean sth down 意为“擦洗干净”。)‎ ‎⑤ The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of the broken plates. (clean up意为“清理掉,收拾干净”。)‎ ‎18. hold hold在教材中的意思为“举行;召集;主持”,作动词用。‎ The plane holds about 200 passengers.‎ Who holds the world record for the high jump?‎ ‎（上面两个句子中的hold还是动词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“容纳”和“保持”。）‎ ‎19. light This is a room with good light. (light用作名词,意思为“光,光线”,是教材中的第一种用法。)‎ It is so light that I can carry it easily. (light用作形容词,意思为“轻的”,是教材中的第二种用法。)‎ light除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。如：‎ ‎①May I borrow your light? (light用作名词,意思为“火柴,打火机”。)‎ ‎②Since you’re not well, you’d better do some light housework. (light用作形容词,意思为“轻松的,使人不疲劳的”。)‎ ‎③My brother bought a bottle of light beer in the shop. (light用作形容词,意思为“低度酒的”。)‎ ‎④Wait a moment. I’ll light a candle. (light用作动词,意思为“点燃”。)‎ ‎20. home home在教材中的第一个意思为“家”,作名词和副词用;第二个意思为“家庭的”,作形容词用。　‎ A lot of new homes are being built in the center of the town.‎ The home team took the lead after 25 minutes.‎ It’s time for home news.‎ 在上面的三个句子中,第一个home作名词用,意思为“住宅,房子”;其余的两个作形容词用,意思分别为“主场的”和“国内的”。‎ ‎21. mean mean在教材中的意思为“意思是，打算”,作动词用。这是我们大家都熟悉的意思。‎ 除此之外mean还有其它的意思。如：‎ ‎①Mary has always been mean with money. (mean在此句中作形容词,意思为“吝啬的,小气的”。)‎ ‎②Today the mean temperature is 10℃ in Shanghai. (mean在此句中作形容词,仅用于名词前,意思为“平均的”。)‎ ‎22. mind Would you mind helping me?（ 此句中mind用作动词,意为“介意,注意”,这是mind的常用法之一。）‎ He has a mind for science. （此句中mind用作名词,意为“头脑,思维”,这是mind的常用法之二。）‎ mind除了以上用法外,还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎①You must be out of your mind if you think I’m going to lend you $50! （be out of one’s mind意为“发狂,发疯,精神不正常”。)‎ ‎②Keep your mind on the job! （keep one’s mind on sth.意为“继续专心于某事物”。)‎ ‎③Her way of speaking put me in mind of her mother. (put sb. in mind of sb. / sth.意为“使某人想到或想起某人 / 某事物”。)‎ ‎④—Who’s that letter from?‎ ‎—Never you mind. (never you mind意为“不关你的事”。)‎ ‎23. miss We’ll miss you very much if you move. （此句中miss用作及物动词,意为“想念,怀念,思念”,这是miss的常用法。）‎ miss还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① After several misses he finally managed to hit the target. (miss用作名词,意为“失误,失败,击不中,回避”。)‎ ‎② The offer of a year aboard with all expenses paid seemed too good to miss. (too good to miss意为“很吸引人或很有利而无法拒绝或放弃”。)‎ ‎③ Bob will find out your secret — he doesn’t miss a trick!(not miss a trick意为“非常机警或警觉”。)‎ ‎24. minute They only took fifteen minutes to finish that job. （此句中minute用作名词,意为“分钟;片刻;一会儿”。）‎ minute还有其它用法，如:‎ ‎①Your suggestion will be minuted. (minute用作动词,意为“将某事载入备忘录或会议记录”。)‎ ‎②Her clothes are always right up to the minute. (up to the minute意为“最新的;时髦的”。)‎ ‎③The detective studied the fingerprints in the minutest detail. (minute用作形容词,读作/mai’nju:t/,意为“极详细的;准确的”。)‎ ‎25. move She was too tired to move any further.（此句中move用作动词,意为“移动;搬动;迁移;运行”。）‎ move还有其它用法,如:‎ ‎①He sat in the corner, watching my every move. (move用作名词,意为“地点或位置的变动”。)‎ ‎②It’s getting dark. We’d better make a move. (make a move意为“出发;起程;动身”。)‎ ‎③The price of eggs moved ahead today.(move ahead 意为“有进展;上涨”。)‎ ‎26. rich rich在教材中的意思为“富有的;富饶的”,作形容词用。‎ Do you like rich food?‎ Her new coat is in rich red.‎ 上面句子中的两个rich也作形容词用,但是意思分别为“油腻的”和“(颜色)浓艳的”。‎ 第一句可译为“你喜欢吃油腻的食物吗?”;第二句可译为“她的新大衣是艳红色。”‎ ‎27. present present 在教材中的意思为“礼物”和“现在,目前”,作名词用。‎ There were 300 people present at the wedding party.‎ We presented our English teacher with beautiful flowers.‎ The cinema will present Perhaps Love on Saturday.‎ You must present yourself well at an interview.‎ 上面句子中的四个present,第一个作形容词用,意思为“出席的，到场的”;其余的三个都作动词用,意思分别为“赠送”、“上演,演出”和“展示”。‎ 第一句可译为“有三百人出席了婚礼”;第二句可译为“我们把漂亮的花送给了英语老师”;第三句可译为“星期六这个电影院将上演《如果爱》”;第四句可译为“面试的时候你必须很好地展示自己”。‎ ‎28. support We strongly support the peace process. （此句中support用作及物动词,意为“支持”,这是support的常用法。）‎ support 还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎①We couldn’t win the match without their support. (support用作名词,意为“帮助,支持”。)‎ ‎② The results support our original theory. (support用作及物动词,意为“证实”。)‎ ‎29. run run在教材中的意思为“跑;奔跑”,作动词用。‎ My brother has no idea how to run a business.‎ I’m afraid the color will run if I wash your new skirt.‎ The discussion between the teachers and the students has run for two hours.‎ He has run short of money.‎ 上面句子中的四个run都用作动词,但是意思发生了变化,分别为“管理;经营”、“掉色,退色”、“持续”和“用”。‎ ‎30. pick Only the best players were picked to play in this match. （此句中pick用作及物动词,意为“挑选,选择”,这是pick是常用法之一。）‎ You should not pick any of the flowers in the park.（此句中pick用作及物动词,意为“摘”,这是pick是常用法之二。）‎ pick还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① She felt that her parents were picking on her. (pick on sb.意为“挑剔、批评或责怪”。)‎ ‎② She picked out a pink dress for her daughter. (pick out意为“挑选出”。)‎ ‎③He picked the watch up from the carpet.（pick up意为“捡起”。）‎ ‎31. trouble We are having trouble with our new car. （此句中trouble用作不可数名词,意为“麻烦,烦恼,困难”,这是trouble的常用法。）‎ trouble还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① I am sorry to trouble you. (trouble用作及物动词,意为“麻烦,打扰”。)‎ ‎② He took a lot of trouble over this design. (trouble用作名词,意为“工夫,力气”。)‎ ‎32. pull Pull your chair near the table. （此句中pull用作及物动词,意为“拉,拖”,这是pull的常用法。）‎ pull还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① The tides(潮汐) depend on the pull of the moon. (pull用作名词,意为“拉力,引力,磁力”。)‎ ‎② He was pulled up by the boss. (pull sb. up意为“纠正某人,训斥某人”。)‎ ‎33. stay I’ll stay here till you come back.（此句中的stay是不及物动词,意为“停留,呆”,这是其最常见的用法。）‎ stay除了此用法外,还有其它用法,如:‎ ‎① I made some friends during my stay in Beijing. (stay用作名词,意为“逗留/停留的一段期间”。)‎ ‎② I don’t like you staying out so late. (stay out意为“不回家,呆在户外”。)‎ ‎③ I stayed up very late last night. (stay up意为“不睡觉,熬夜”。)‎ ‎④ You stay out of it. It’s none of your business. (stay out of sth. 意为“不参与某事,不插手某事”。)‎ ‎34. train 在教材中用作名词,意思为“火车,列车”。‎ train除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：‎ ‎①I’ve trained my dog to fetch my slippers. (train用作动词,意思为“培养,训练”。)‎ ‎②His telephone call interrupted my train of thought. (train of thought是固定短语,意思为“思路,思绪”。)‎ ‎③He trained his camera on the birds. (train sth. on / at sth. / sb. 意思为“用……对准/瞄准某事物或某人”。)‎ ‎35. pay Her parents paid for her to go to America. （此句中pay用作动词,意为“付钱,支付”,这是pay的常用法之一。）‎ What’s the pay like in your job?（此句中pay用作名词,意为“工资,薪水”,这是pay的常用法之二。）‎ 除了以上用法外, pay还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① It doesn’t pay to get angry. (pay用作动词,意为“有利,值得”。)‎ ‎② John has paid off all his debts. (pay off意为“付清,偿清”。)‎ ‎③ I had to pay out $200 to get my car repaired! (pay out 意为“付出巨款”。)‎ ‎36. stand She was too weak to stand. (stand用作动词,意思为“站立;站着”,是教材中的第一种用法。)‎ I can’t stand him interrupting all the time. (stand用作动词,意思为“忍受”,是教材中的第二种用法。)‎ 除了上面的常见用法外,stand还有下列几种用法。‎ ‎①Our school stands between the bookshop and the hospital. (stand用作动词,意思为“位于某处”。)‎ ‎②The building stands about 40 meters high. (stand用作动词,意思为“高度为,高达”。)‎ ‎③There are 400 seats in the west stand. (stand用作名词,意思为“看台,观礼座”。)‎ ‎④He bought some bananas at the fruit stand. (stand用作名词,意思为“货摊,货架”。)‎ ‎37. term term在教材中的意思为“学期”和“术语”,作名词用。‎ Tom’s father was made Mayor for a term of four years.‎ People between 13 and 19 are termed teenagers.‎ 上面句子中的两个term,第一个还作名词用,意思为“期限”;第二个作动词用,意思为“把……称为/叫做”。‎ 第一句可译为“汤姆的父亲被选为市长,任期四年”;第二句可译为“十三岁至十九岁之间的人被叫做青少年”。‎ ‎38. question There is no question about his success.（此句中的question是名词,意为“怀疑,疑问”,这是其最常见的用法。）‎ 另外它还有其它的用法，如:‎ ‎①I’d like to question you on your views about the housing problem. (此句中的question作及物动词,意为“问(某人)问题”。)‎ ‎②His success is out of question.(out of question意为“没问题,办得到的”。)‎ ‎③Watching the football match here seems to be out of the question.(out of the question意为“不可能的,办不到的”。)‎ ‎39. vegetable vegetable在教材中的意思为“蔬菜”和“植物”,作名词用。‎ The terrible accident turned him into a vegetable.‎ Since losing his job my brother has felt like a vegetable.‎ 上面两个句子中的vegetable还是名词的用法,但意思发生了变化,分别为“植物人”和“生活单调乏味的人”。‎ ‎40. raise Please raise your hand if you agree with me.（此句中raise用作动词,意为“举起,使升高”。这是raise的常用法。）‎ raise还有其它用法。如:‎ ‎① They are raising funds for charity.(raise用作及物动词,意为“筹集,募捐”。)‎ ‎② Lucy raised her eyebrows in surprise. (raise one’s eyebrows意为“扬起眉毛”,表示不赞同或惊讶。)‎ ‎③The workers are struggling for raising salaries.(raise用作及物动词,意为“提高”。)‎ ‎④My uncle was raised in the USA.(raise用作及物动词,意为“抚养，养育”。)‎ ‎41. subject subject在教材中的意思为“学科;科目”,作可数名词用。‎ Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.‎ The football match may be put off subject to the weather.‎ Peter always subjects his wife to his will.‎ 上面句子中的三个subject,前两个作形容词用,意思分别为“易遭受……的”和“取决于”;第三个作动词用,意思为“使顺从”。‎ 第一句可译为“吸烟的人比不吸烟的人容易犯心脏病。”;第二句可译为“受天气的影响,足球比赛可能会推迟。”;第三句可译为“彼得总是让妻子顺从他的意愿。”‎ ‎42. well well在教材中有三种用法:用作副词时意思为“好,对,满意地”;用作形容词时意思为“身体好的”;用作感叹词时意思为“喔,噢,唔”;用作名词时意思为“井,水井”。‎ well除了以上用法外,还有以下几种用法。如：‎ ‎①The boy is well able to look after himself. (well用作副词,意思为“完全地,彻底地,全部地”。)‎ ‎②Her family is very well off. (well off是固定短语,意思为“有钱的,富裕的”。)‎ ‎③Tears were welling up in her eyes. (well用作动词,意思为“流出,涌出”。)‎ ‎43. room 在教材中作可数名词用时,意思为“房间”;作不可数名词用时,意思为“空间”。‎ It is important to give children room to think for themselves.‎ She roomed with Mary in college for two years.‎ room 上面两个句子中,第一个room作不可数名词用,意思为“机会”;第二个room作动词用,意思为“租房,合住”。‎ ‎44. walk I walked to school this morning because my bike was broken. (walk用作动词,意思为“步行”,是教材中的第一种用法。)‎ The Browns enjoy walking by the lake after supper. (walk用作动词,意思为“散步”,是教材中的第二种用法。)‎ walk除了以上的常见用法外,还有下列几种用法。如：‎ ‎①My grandfather always walks his dog in the morning. (walk用作动词,意思为“牵着动物走,溜”。)‎ ‎②My boyfriend walked me home last evening. (walk用作动词,意思为“陪伴……走,护送……走”。)‎ ‎③My father has friends from all walks of life. (walk用作名词,a walk of life为固定短语,意思为“行业,阶层”。)‎ ‎45. warm The weather is a bit warmer today. (warm用作形容词,意思为“温暖的,暖和的”,是教材中的用法。)‎ 除了上面的用法外,warm还有下列几种用法。如：‎ ‎①My mother is a very warm person. (warm用作形容词,意思为“热心的,友好的”。)‎ ‎②I warmed myself at the fire. (warm用作动词,意思为“使温暖,使暖和”。)‎ ‎③Please warm up the milk. (warm用作动词,意思为“使变热,热一热”。)‎