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【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词学案(9页word版)(1)
2019届二轮复习语法专题 代词学案 一、几组常见代词的辨析 1.all, both, any, either, neither, none ①Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do. 拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们都有工作要做。 ②All horses are animals, but not all animals are horses. 所有的马都是动物,但是并不是所有的动物都是马。 ③My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.(江西高考单选改编) 我哥哥想买一块好手表,但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。 [规律总结] 都 任何 都不 两者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none 2.it, that, one, those ①I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy it. 我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子,但是我没有足够的钱来买它。 ②The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than that on the small ones.(四川高考单选改编) 主街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯指示时间更长。 ③Mr Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen. 张先生给我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。 ④At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.(天津高考单选改编) 我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。 [规律总结] it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 that 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones those 指“the+名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)” 3.another, the other, other, others, the others ①I have two books; one is English, and the other is French. 我有两本书,一本是英语书,另一本是法语书。 ②Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.(重庆高考单选改编) 回收利用是保护环境的一种方法;再使用是另一种方法。 ③You are a team star!Working with others is really your cup of tea. 你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。 ④Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them. 除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。 ⑤I often have different ideas from the others in my class. 我的观点常和班上其他人的不同。 [规律总结] other 不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义 the other 可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……” another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)” others 可单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现 the others 意为“剩余的那些” 4.none, nothing, no one/nobody ①None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. 他们中没有人知道那项计划,因为它还是个秘密。 ②—What have you been doing today? —Oh, nothing special, just hanging around. ——今天,你都干什么了? ——哦,没有什么特别的,只是闲逛。 ③Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it. 没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好,如果他不热爱它。 [规律总结] none 既指人也指物,后面可接of短语,一般用来回答how many, how much和which的提问 nothing 只指事物,后面不能接of短语,用来回答what的提问 no one/nobody 只指人不指物,其后不接of短语,一般回答who的提问 5.something, anything, everything, nothing ①Good families are much to all their members, but everything to none.(江苏高考单选改编) 优秀的家庭对于他们的成员来说意义重大,却不代表一切。 ②I'd rather do something great and fail than do nothing and succeed. 哪怕踌躇满志,失意而归,我也不愿不战而胜。 ③I thought the project something, but it is nothing. 我原以为这个工程了不起,但结果什么也不是。 ④—What do you think of the lecture? —Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it. ——你认为讲座怎么样? ——一点意思都没有,但是我还是坚持着听完了。 [规律总结] something意为“某……”; anything意为“任何”; everything意为“每个,所有”; nothing意为“没有”。 [点津] 注意something的特殊含义:大致,……左右;有价值或重要的人或事物;anything but“根本不”。 二、it的用法 ①—A lovely day, isn't it? —Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk? ——天气不错,不是吗? ——是的,我喜欢这样的天气。为什么不出去走走? ②—Who's that at the door? —It is the milkman.(全国大纲卷单选改编) ——谁在门口? ——是送奶工。 ③It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to change his mind. As is known to us all, he is so stubborn. 试图说服他改变主意是浪费时间的。众所周知,他是如此的固执。 ④I hate it when someone comes to my room without knocking. 我讨厌有人进我的房间不敲门。 ⑤When it comes to repairing computers, my son is an expert. 谈及修理电脑,我儿子是个专家。 [规律总结] it的主要用法 1.指代时间、距离、自然现象等。 2.指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法,性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物,也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 3.作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词ing形式、名词性从句。 4.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。 5.it的高频搭配 When it comes to ... 当涉及…… make it 成功;确定时间为……(后接时间类名词) as it is 事实上;照原样 get it 明白了 常考点一:all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析 1.(2015·四川高考)Niki is always full of ideas, but________is useful to my knowledge. A.nothing B.no one C.neither D.none 解析:选D 句意:妮基点子总是很多,但是据我所知,没有一个是有用的。 2.(四川高考)She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge. A.both B.neither C.none D.either 解析:选B 句意:她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特住过,但她都不喜欢,于是迁居到剑桥。语境表明空格处应用表示两者完全否定的不定代词,故用neither。 3.(江西高考)—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon? —________. I'll be in all day. A.Any B.None C.Neither D.Either 解析:选D 句意:“我什么时候打电话,上午还是下午?”“随便什么时候都可以,我一整天都在。”表示两个时间“任何一个”都行,用either。 常考点二:another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析 4.(2015·陕西高考)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against ________. A.another B.the other C.other D.either 解析:选B 句意:为了让自己暖和,那个海员坐在火堆前,用一只脚摩擦另外一只脚。another“另一个”,指三者或三者以上中的另外一个;the other“另 一个”,指两者中的另外一个;other“别的,其他的”;either表示两者中的任意一个。由语境可知,此处指“另一只赤着的脚”,是“两者中的另外一个”,故选B。 5.(福建高考)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in ________, knives and forks. A.another B.others C.both D.all 解析:选B 句意:在一些国家里,人们用筷子吃饭,而在其他国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。another“另一个”,指三者或三者以上中的另一个;others“其他的人或物”,表示泛指;both“两者,两个都”;all“(三者或三者以上)都”。根据句中的关键词some countries (一些国家)可知,空格处表示“其他的国家”,故选B。 常考点三:it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析 6.(2016·浙江高考)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ________ in the UK. A.that B.this C.one D.it 解析:选A 句意:在许多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系并没有很大的不同。that指代上文中的the education system。此处被指代的名词短语是单数而且是特指,所以只能用that。 7.(浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850. A.each B.it C.this D.one 解析:选B 句意:去年平均降雨量是18.75cm,使得去年成为自加利福尼亚在1850年成为一个州以来最干旱的一年。make sth./sb.+n.“使/让某事(某人)成为……”。代词it在此处指代前面的last year,为同名同物的指代。 常考点四:复合不定代词的辨析 8.(2015·重庆高考)The meeting will be held in September, but________ knows the date for sure. A.everybody B.nobody C.anybody D.somebody 解析:选B 句意:会议将在九月份举行,但是没有人知道确切的日期。句中的转折连词but是解题的关键,表明人们现在只知道会议在九月份开,但确切日期不知道。 9.(江苏高考)Good families are much to all their members, but ________ to none. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 解析:选C 句意:好的家庭对他们的家庭成员来说意味着很多,但并不是一切。but everything to none可转化为:but they are not everything to any one of their members,属于部分否定。 单项填空 1.(2018·连云港、宿迁、徐州高三模拟)—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset. —He had to give up his drawing, not because he wanted ________ that way but because he had to. A.this B.one C.it D.such 解析:选C 句意:“他怎么了?他看起来有点不开心。”“他不得不放弃绘画,不是因为他自己想要放弃而是现实逼得他不得不放弃。”it指代前面的放弃绘画。 2.(2018·苏、锡、常、镇高三模拟)—Which day shall we go on a picnic next week? —Make it ________ day you like, for it makes no difference to me. A.one B.any C.another D.other 解析:选B 句意:“我们下周哪天去野炊呢?”“把它安排在你喜欢的任何一天,因为对于我来讲没什么区别。”any“任何的,任一的”,表示三者或三者以上中的任一个,故选B。 3.(2018·常州市高三期末)—What about the tea drink? —Thank you. No pleasure equals ________ of a hot drink on such a cold day. A.one B.ones C.that D.those 解析:选C 句意:“茶水怎么样?”“非常感谢。在这么冷的天里再没有比喝杯热茶更惬意的事情了。”that在此表特指,指代前面提到的pleasure。 4.(2018·连云港高三模拟)Being a winner doesn't mean you'll always get ________ you want, but it does mean you'll go after your goals in ways that are reliable. A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing 解析:选A 句意:作为一个成功人士并不意味着你总是能得到你想要的一切,而是意味着你会用可靠的方式来追求你的目标。everything“一切”,符合句意。 5.(2018·南京、盐城、连云港高三模拟)During each NBA season, basketball fans cheer on their favorite teams to make ________ through. A.it B.them C.that D.those 解析:选A 句意:在每个NBA赛季,篮球迷们为他们最喜欢的球队加油助威来赢下每一场比赛。make it through “完成,度过,熬过难关”,这里暗含帮助他们所喜欢的球队打赢每一场比赛之意。 6.(2018·通、泰、扬、徐、淮、宿高三模拟)A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting, but ________ was practical. A.nothing B.none C.neither D.no one 解析:选B 句意:会上提出了很多建议,但没有一个是切实可行的。none意思是“没有一个”,而nothing意思是“没有任何事或物”;neither用于否定两个人或物;no one只可指人,且只能用于单数。根据句意可知选B。 7.(2018·盐城市高三模拟)A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from ________ expected in the school or community. A.one B.ones C.that D.those 解析:选C 句意:据说,当一个年轻人的行为与学校或社会的认知明显不符的时候,他或她就被认为有行为障碍。用that指代the behavior。 8.(2018·宿迁高三模拟)—Why did you give up the job overseas? —Because I want to stay close to my family. My family means ________ to me. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 解析:选D 句意:“你为什么放弃海外的工作?”“因为我想和我的家人待在一起,我的家人对我来说就是一切。”nothing“没有什么”;something“某事;某物”;anything“任何东西;任何事物”;everything“一切;所有事物”。结合语境可知,答案为D。 9.(2018·镇江高三调研)It is said in the book that life is enjoyable to some people, while it is suffering to ________. A.ones B.others C.those D.another 解析:选B 句意:这本书上说,生活对一些人来说是享受,而对另一些人来说却是折磨。others泛指“别人,其他人”,符合语境。 10.(2018·宿迁市三校高三调研)He didn't make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A.this B.it C.that D.these 解析:选B 句意:他没有说明白这个会议在什么时候和在哪里举行。本句中用it作形式宾语,指代下文从句“when and where the meeting would be held”的内容。查看更多