2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(七)如何进行跳读

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(七)如何进行跳读

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(七) 如何进行跳读 对于说明文和议论文类阅读理解，要想在有限的时间内逐字逐句的读完文章，理清文章内容，这个难度是相当大的，如何在考场上利用有限的时间高质量的完成规定的阅读任务，跳读(跳过无关信息)就成为考生的第一选择。‎ 一、陌生词汇“跳过去”‎ 在阅读时，并不是所有的生词都是命题点。在阅读中，当遇到一个生词时，不妨先问自己一个问题：这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现没必要去精确猜测的生词，不知道它的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。对这类词，不要过多纠缠，尽管放心大胆地“跳过去”。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•江苏卷•D篇 The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children's Commissioner (专员)Anne Longfield.She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school illequipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.‎ Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photoopportunities and then messaging friends — and friends of friends — to demand “likes” for their online posts.‎ The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.‎ 二、“专有名词”不纠缠 专有名词包括人名、地名、机构组织的名称等，通常首字母大写，比较容易发现。在理解句意时，可只注意其核心词或干脆跳过。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•D篇 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and boxset TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and ereaders showed up in 2007.‎ As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.‎ 三、长难句子看主干 长难句是阅读理解中的拦路虎，跳过“旁枝侧叶”(各种修饰成分)，抓住主干(主句或句子的主语、谓语和宾语)是解决此类问题的最佳方法。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2014•全国卷Ⅱ•A篇 ‎[1]Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.‎ ‎[2]During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.‎ ‎[3]He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.‎ ‎[4]Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can (垃圾桶) that had been left out on the footpath.‎ 第三段是一个复杂的长难句，在理解上有一定的难度，抽取句子主干He reported the case to the police and then sat there后便能顺畅理解全文内容；且跳过的“旁枝侧叶”不会对做题产生任何影响。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•合肥第三次质检)A seemingly small gesture at a restaurant outside Houston that wasn't part of the job description for a Waffle House waitress has now had a big effect on her life.‎ It happened last weekend, when 18yearold Evoni Williams was serving an elderly man breakfast.He needed help.So Williams leaned over the table with a fork and a knife and cut up his ham for him.It might have ended there, but a customer named Laura Wolf was struck enough to take a picture and post it online.‎ ‎“I didn't know the photo was taken until a couple of hours later，” Williams told the Houston Chronicle. “When I saw it, it's just something I would do for anybody.I was so busy in here, and I actually took the time to stop and hear what he had to say instead of walking past him.”‎ It apparently meant something to others too.As of Sunday, more than 130,000 people had reacted to the post and nearly 7,000 have shared it.But the story has extended beyond the Internet.Williams, a recent Texas City High School graduate, was honored at a ceremony, Thursday, with a $16,000 scholarship to Texas Southern University.Williams has reportedly been working fulltime at the Waffle House to earn money toward school.Texas Southern University has assigned a counselor to help her begin her degree and she is planning to study business management.‎ Media at the local, national and international level have all picked up on the story.It is a moment among several in recent years, captured in a picture, put online, and capturing the attention of the Internet: like a New York City police officer giving a homeless man a pair of boots, or a restaurant goer whose wife died of cancer anonymously (匿名地) paying for the meal of another cancer patient.‎ 语篇解读：即将上大学的Evoni Williams在一家餐馆打工赚学费，他的一次善意的行为被顾客拍照并上传到网络，接着引起很多关注并由此得到了该大学的奖学金和学业上的帮助。‎ ‎1．Why did Laura Wolf take the photo and post it online?‎ A．She was really into recording some small gestures.‎ B．She wanted to draw attention to the restaurant.‎ C．She was touched by the considerate waitress.‎ D．She got paid by the restaurant to do so.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“but a customer named Laura Wolf was struck enough to take a picture and post it online”可知，Laura Wolf拍照并上传到网上的原因是那位体贴的服务员的行为感动了她。故选C项。‎ ‎2．What words can be used to best describe Evoni Williams?‎ A．Independent and caring.　 B．Patient and curious.‎ C．Kind and generous. D．Energetic and lucky.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句“When I saw it, it's just something I would do for anybody ...instead of walking past him.”和第四段倒数第二句“Williams has reportedly been working fulltime at the Waffle House to earn money toward school.”可推知，Evoni Williams是一个独立且关心他人的人。‎ ‎3．Why is a New York City police officer mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A．To prove the power of the media.‎ B．To advocate helping those in need.‎ C．To show more people tend to use the Internet.‎ D．To argue the Internet is the center of attention.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“Media at the local, national and international ... attention of the Internet”可知，此处意在强调媒体有巨大的作用，后面举的两个例子应是为了说明这一结论，故选A。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Wide web, colorful life B．Small gesture, big effect C．Little effort, big reward D．Young mind, great influence 解析：选B　标题归纳题。根据第一段内容及下文女服务员因一次小的善意之举而获得很多关注并得到大学奖学金和学业上的帮助可推知，这篇文章的主旨是“小举动，大影响”。故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 The mysterious golden box was tied with ribbon and sat upon a shelf in the dining room.During my childhood, I would often __1__ where it had come from and why it was never __2__.Sometimes, I would climb upon a chair to get a __3__ look, but would never __4__ it for fear I would __5__ something special.Many years passed as the box continued to sit with its __6__ contents, undisturbed.‎ The tragic __7__ of my father happened one spring day.After my father's funeral, my mother carefully __8__ the ribbon and opened the treasured box with __9__ in her eyes and a lifetime memory in her heart.On a yellow piece of paper were written these words: “My love, I will go __10__， but I will hold dear my love for you, so I leave you this box filled with kisses.Please wait till I return.”‎ Then my mother told me this story: My parents __11__ in college when their best friends set them up on a blind date.As my parents' friendship __12__， also did their love.They planned to get __13__ after graduation, but my father had to __14__ to war.Before leaving, he prepared that golden box and tied it with the ribbon as a symbol of his everlasting __15__ for my mother.He asked that she should open the box only __16__ she knew he would not be coming home.When my father finally __17__ from the war, they married.__18__， Mom kept that box unopened as a __19__ of their love and devotion during that __20__ time in their lives until the ‎ day when Dad passed away.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过家里一个神秘的金色盒子讲述了作者父母之间坚贞的爱情故事。‎ ‎1．A.suspect　　　　　　　 B．hesitate C．wonder D．explain 解析：选C　根据语境中的两个特殊疑问词，并结合上文“The mysterious golden box” 可推知，作者对这个金色盒子充满了好奇，故选C。wonder “想知道”。‎ ‎2．A.tied B．opened C．fixed D．wrapped 解析：选B　根据下文“undisturbed” 可推知，金色盒子从来没有被打开(opened)过，由此显得非常神秘。‎ ‎3．A.new B．contented C．quick D．close 解析：选D　因为好奇心驱使，作者爬上椅子想近距离一探究竟。故选D项。‎ ‎4．A.respect B．admire C．touch D．decorate 解析：选C　结合语境以及空后的“for fear”可推知，作者当时不敢碰(touch)那个金色盒子，害怕破坏(spoil)什么特别的东西，与下文的“undisturbed”形成呼应。‎ ‎5．A.spoil B．discover C．release D．expose 解析：选A　参见上题解析。spoil“破坏”符合语境。‎ ‎6．A.imaginable B．abnormal C．typical D．mysterious 解析：选D　根据该句中的“continued”和“undisturbed”可推知，多年过去了，金色盒子依然神秘，没有被动过，与上文“The mysterious golden box”呼应。‎ ‎7．A.loss B．failure C．illness D．pressure 解析：选A　根据下文“After my father's funeral”可推知，作者父亲的去世(loss)对作者来说是一件悲痛的事。‎ ‎8．A.fastened B．untied C．observed D．tore 解析：选B　与上文“The mysterious golden box was tied with ribbon”形成呼应，并结合“opened”可推知，母亲小心翼翼地解开(untied)了金色盒子上的丝带。‎ ‎9．A.smiles B．excitement C．tears D．anger 解析：选C　根据上文“After my father's funeral”，并结合空后的“in her eyes and a lifetime memory in her heart”可推知，母亲当时心情沉重，满含泪水。故选C项。‎ ‎10．A.far away B．around C．back D．out 解析：选A　根据下文“Please wait till I return.”可推知，父亲说自己要远行。‎ ‎11．A.met B．worked C．served D．recognized 解析：选A　根据下文“when their best friends set them up on a blind date”可知，此处表示父母是在大学时朋友为他们安排的相亲会上认识(met)的。‎ ‎12．A.ended B．disappeared C．weakened D．grew 解析：选D　根据下文“they married”可推知，随着父母的友谊加深(grew)，他们的爱情也愈深厚。‎ ‎13．A.connected B．married C．prepared D．separated 解析：选B　父母恋爱了，计划毕业后就结婚，与下文“they married”呼应。‎ ‎14．A.pay attention B．look forward C．go off D．settle down 解析：选C　当时父亲因为战争不得不离开(go off)，与下文“Before leaving”呼应。‎ ‎15．A.sympathy B．mercy C．support D．love 解析：选D　根据上文“I will hold dear my love for you” 可推知，此处表示父亲对母亲永恒的爱。‎ ‎16．A.before B．unless C．because D．if 解析：选D　根据语境可知，此处表示只有母亲得知父亲不会再回来，她才打开盒子。only if “只有”。‎ ‎17．A.fled B．returned C．recovered D．heard 解析：选B　根据下文“they married”可推知，父亲最终从战场上安全返回(returned)。‎ ‎18．A.Otherwise B．Therefore C．However D．Instead 解析：选B　根据语境可知，因为父亲回来了，所以(Therefore)母亲就一直没打开盒子。‎ ‎19．A.reminder B．warning C．consequence D．notice 解析：选A　根据语境可知，母亲保留那个金色盒子作为一个对他们之间爱和忠诚的纪念和提醒(reminder)。‎ ‎20．A.spare B．hard C．busy D．free 解析：选B　根据上文父亲去参战可知，那是他们生命中艰难的(hard)时期。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎ The Palace Museum received a painting of __1__ (history) value, Silk Road Landscape Map, which was donated by Xu Rongmao, chairman of Hong Kong Shimao Group, on November 30th.‎ The more than 30meterlong scroll (卷轴) is painted on silk.The painting describes trade routes (路线) __2__ (start) at Jiayuguan Pass in Northwest China's Gansu Province to Tianfang city.As many as 221 cities in __3__ now are some 10 countries are on the scroll.Some key spots __4__ (include) on the ancient Silk Road, like Gansu Province's Dunhuang, Mecca, Damascus, Esfahan in Iran and Samarqand in Uzbekistan.‎ The map, with a large amount of geographic information, proves that China __5__ (have) the world's best mapping techniques at that time.__6__ also shows Chinese people had had a clear understanding of the outside world __7__ Western maps came into the country.‎ Obviously, the map is a __8__ (contribute) of ancient Chinese geography to the whole world.It reflects the frequent business and cultural communication between China and __9__ (country)‎ ‎ along the ancient Silk Road.‎ At the moment further archaeological (考古学的), geographic and linguistic (语言的) research on the map __10__ (carry) out.It will soon be shown to the public.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了香港世茂集团主席许荣茂捐赠给故宫博物院的一幅画——《丝路山水地图》。‎ ‎1．historic/historical　考查形容词。故宫博物院收到了一幅具有历史价值的画作。此处应用形容词修饰名词value，故填historic/historical。‎ ‎2．starting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词作定语，动词start与先行词trade routes之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎3．what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故填what。‎ ‎4．are included　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。古代丝绸之路沿线的一些重要景点被包括在内。根据语境可知，此处主语key spots为复数，与动词include之间为被动关系，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填are included。‎ ‎5．had　考查动词的时态。根据语境及时间状语at that time可知，此处应用动词的一般过去时。‎ ‎6．It　考查代词。它也表明，在西方地图进入中国之前，中国人已经对外面的世界有了清晰的了解。此处用It指代上文中的The map。‎ ‎7．before　考查连词。参见上题解析。此处应用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎8．contribution　考查名词。根据空前的冠词a及空后的of可知，此处用名词单数。‎ ‎9．countries　考查名词复数。句意：它反映了中国和古代丝绸之路沿线国家之间频繁的商业和文化交流。根据句意可知，此处用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10．is being carried　考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境及时间状语At the moment可知，此处用现在进行时，且主语research与动词短语carry out之间为被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动语态。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•湖北黄冈质量检测)I still remembered I helped one of my classmates with his English one years ago.Li Hua, one of my classmates, who was not good at English while I did well.One day, she asked me to help him.So from now on, whenever he had problems, he would ask me, but I was patient to explain them to him.Slowly, his English improved under my help.At same time, I found my English improved too.As the saying goes, “Roses giving, fragrance in hand.” Actual, helping others is helping ourselves.‎ 答案：第一句：remembered→remember; years→year 第二句：去掉who 第三句：she→he 第四句：now→then; but→and 第五句：under→with 第六句：same前加the 第七句：giving→given 第八句：Actual→Actually