【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项状语从句教案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项状语从句教案

状语从句教案 十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷Ⅰ具有重要的应试性和导向性。‎ 三观指的观三题（观母题、观平行题、观扇形题），一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰（调整不考或低频考点标灰色）。‎ ‎（一）2020考纲 考点 ‎2020考纲要求 ‎（1）状语从句连接词的用法 ⅠⅡⅢ ‎（2）与状语从句相关的综合运用 ⅠⅡⅢ ‎（二）本节考向题型研究汇总 题型考向 考点/考向 ‎2020考纲要求 语法填空 ‎（1）在具体语篇中，综合考查状语从句相关知识 ⅠⅡⅢ 短文改错 ‎（2）在具体语篇中，综合考查状语从句相关知识 ⅠⅡⅢ 单项填空 ‎（3）在语境中，考查状语从句相关知识 ‎2014年前 考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点-状语从句的用法）‎ ‎（2016·全国Ⅲ）Over time，________ the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ ‎【答案】as/when ‎【解析】随着时间的过去，随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切除小块，所以烹制起来更快。as/when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎1．[2016·四川]________ it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.‎ ‎【答案】When/If ‎【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。如果它（小熊猫）哭了，熊猫妈妈会摇晃它，用手掌轻拍安慰它。‎ ‎2．[2016·北京]I really enjoy listening to music ________ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.‎ ‎【答案】because ‎【解析】考查原因状语从句的连接词。我真的喜欢听音乐，因为它帮助我放松。‎ ‎3．[2015·北京]________ the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.‎ ‎【答案】Once/If/When ‎【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。一旦被毁坏，需要花费许多年的时间回复农田。‎ ‎1.[2015·广东卷]One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily.‎ ‎【答案】when 　‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。根据“…the cow was eating grass…it began to rain heavily.”可知，本句中一个动作发生，另一个动作正在进行，用连词when。‎ ‎2.【2013·湖南卷】When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “__48__ the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat(变瘪) within 24 hours，” says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman.‎ ‎【答案】because ‎【解析】考查原因状语从句的连词。因为被用于种植的地区常常是粗糙和有石头的地方。‎ ‎3.[2012·广东卷]__20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little harder for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stop the kids in the class.‎ ‎【答案】If　‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。因he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间的逻辑关系是条件关系，应填连词if(如果，要是)。且首字母要大写。句意为：如果他认为坐在教室的后排就能逃脱大家的注意，那他就想错了。‎ 时间状语从句 ‎1．when，while，as ‎①[2017·陕西西安质检]When he knocked at the door，I was working at the table.‎ 他敲门时我正在桌子旁边工作。‎ ‎②I want the girls to experience that while they are young.‎ 我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。‎ ‎③As speech develops，the child starts to string more words together.‎ 随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说。‎ ‎④When/While/As I was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of mine.‎ 当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。‎ ‎2．从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。‎ ‎3．从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……，(一边……)”或“随着……”。‎ ‎4．如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。‎ ‎2．when的特殊用法 ‎①om was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.‎ 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。‎ ‎②One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.‎ 周五，我们正在收拾行李准备外出度周末，这时我的女儿听到了求救的呼喊。‎ ‎③He had just finished his homework when his mother asked him to play the piano.‎ 他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．when意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：‎ ‎2．when还可表原因，意为“既然”。‎ ‎3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达 ‎①[2017·福建泉州模拟]The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.‎ 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。‎ ‎②My mom didn't wait a moment，but came immediately she received my call.‎ 我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就赶来了。‎ ‎③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.‎ 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。‎ ‎④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once＝Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.‎ 刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。‎ ‎2．no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，主句应用倒装语序。‎ ‎4．before与since ‎①We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.‎ 在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。‎ ‎②[2015·重庆]If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.‎ 如果你错过了这次机会的话，那可能要等到多年之后你才能再次获得机会。‎ ‎③As is reported，it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.‎ 据报道，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……；在……之前”。‎ ‎2．It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。‎ ‎3．It won't be long before...“不久之后就……”。‎ ‎4．It was＋一段时间＋before...“过了多久才……”。‎ ‎5．It is＋一段时间＋since...“自从……多久了”。‎ ‎5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达 ‎①[2017·安徽芜湖模拟]You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings.‎ 用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。‎ ‎②Next time you go shopping，buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.‎ 下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。‎ ‎③The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.‎ 我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。‎ 考点总结 every time，each time，next time，the last time，any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。‎ ‎6．till，until和not...until ‎①Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?‎ 这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？‎ ‎②I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for half an hour.‎ 直到这个学生做这道数学题用了半个小时的时间，我才会告诉他答案。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。‎ ‎2．not...until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。‎ 地点状语从句 ‎①Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.‎ 在他曾经想要放弃的地方，他现在有决心进一步推进并且坚持下去了。‎ ‎②Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain，the fields are green.‎ 哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。‎ ‎2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。‎ 条件状语从句 ‎①[2015·江苏]It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.‎ 天太冷了，你不能出去，除非你被厚厚的衣服包裹得严严实实。‎ ‎②He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.‎ 他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。‎ ‎③Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?‎ 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁？‎ 考点总结 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if，unless(＝if...not除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果)等。‎ ‎　让步状语从句 ‎①Although regular exercise is very important，it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.‎ 尽管经常锻炼非常重要，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。‎ ‎②Although/Though/While the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.‎ 虽然这些学生来自不同的国家，但他们在这个夏令营中相处得很好。‎ ‎③He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.‎ 他太忙了，尽管他想陪儿子，但就是抽不出足够的时间。‎ ‎④Intelligent as you are，I suspect you will fail.‎ 尽管你聪明，我猜想你会失败。‎ 引导让步状语从句的连词 考点总结 ‎1．although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)。‎ ‎2．whether...or...(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋－ever(不管……；无论)，如whatever，whoever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever等；no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。‎ ‎3．as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序，though引导时则可用倒装语序或自然语序。‎ ‎4．从属连词while也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。‎ ‎　原因状语从句 ‎①Since she was indoors，she had not been wearing a coat.‎ 由于她在室内，就没有穿外套。‎ ‎②Now that you have grown up，you must do it by yourself.‎ 既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。‎ 考点总结 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because，as，since(既然)，now that，seeing that，considering that(考虑到)。‎ ‎　方式状语从句 ‎①The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.‎ 卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。‎ ‎②The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.‎ 建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。‎ ‎③The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.‎ 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。‎ 考点总结 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况与事实相符或很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。‎ 结果状语从句 ‎①He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.‎ ‎＝He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.‎ 他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。‎ ‎②It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.‎ 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。‎ ‎③He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.‎ ‎＝He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.‎ 他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。‎ 考点总结 ‎1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：‎ ‎2．当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such...as to...。‎ ‎　目的状语从句 ‎①When he goes out，he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.‎ 他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。‎ ‎②The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.‎ 那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。‎ ‎③Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.‎ 带上雨衣以防下雨。‎ 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that，in order that，for fear that，in case (that)/lest等。‎ ‎1．in order that，so that 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。‎ ‎2．for fear that，in case (that)/lest 引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。‎ 考向题型研究二：短文改错（考点-状语从句的误用）‎ ‎（2013·新课标I）In fact, he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.‎ ‎【答案】during---when ‎ ‎【解析】根据they came over to play or do homework with me.是句子，所以，用连词when，during是介词，不能连接状语从句。‎ ‎1.（2015·浙江）If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.‎ ‎【答案】If-Although/Though ‎【解析】考查连词的用法，根据句意“尽管在我读书的时候我是一个小孩，但我不会忘记它”表达让步，而不是条件。而且翻译为如果意思上也不通。‎ ‎2.（2015·陕西）My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.‎ ‎【答案】after改成when/while ‎【解析】句意：我唯一的错误是在我将它们打包的时候将它们掉在地上。after改成when/while ‎（2018·全国II）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.‎ ‎【答案】where改为when　‎ ‎【解析】考查时间状语从句。根据后面的“…I was a child…”可知,这是一个时间状语从句,故将where改为when。‎ 短文改错中对于连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当，缺少连词以及多余连词(although不能与but连用，because不能与so连用)等情况。‎ 对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：‎ ‎(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、主语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连词在句中作何成分，判断正误；‎ ‎(2)注意but转折、and并列、or或者(选择)、so因此(结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用；‎ ‎(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用；‎ ‎(4)注意but与and，and与or，or与so，after与before等连词的用法区别。‎ ‎◆状语从句易错点 对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：‎ ‎1．从句意识缺乏 The Expo is very attractive. We are all eager to pay a visit to it.‎ The Expo is so attractive that we are all eager to pay a visit to it.‎ 通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。‎ ‎2．状语从句成分残缺 ‎(误)Please close the doors and windows before_leave the classroom.‎ ‎(正)Please close the doors and windows before_you_leave the classroom.‎ 由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。‎ ‎3．连接词误用 ‎(误)Teachers and parents should respect us no_matter we are in or outside school.‎ ‎(正)Teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside school.‎ 尽管两句从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直接引导状语从句。‎ ‎(误)Though he is considered a great writer，but his works are not widely read.‎ ‎(正)Though he is considered a great writer，his works are not widely read.‎ 在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。‎