【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七（16页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七（16页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之十七 ‎[一]‎ Police recently caught the suspected Golden State Killer using a tool they could only have dreamed of decades ago, when a shocking series of murders shook California: a database filled with people’s genetic data (基因数据).‎ Police used an open-source database called GEDmatch to find relatives who matched genetic material taken from an old crime scene, then worked backward to identify and catch 72- year-old former police officer Joseph James DeAngelo.‎ GEDmatch’s 950, 000 users voluntarily upload and share their genetic information, making it accessible to others who share their own data — including law enforcement (执法). More than a dozen other similar platforms also exist. “If your relatives have contributed and you are part of even a family tree that appears online in one of these shared resources, you can be indirectly tracked through the combination of their DNA and the publicly available family history,” says Dr. Robert Green, a medical geneticist at Harvard Medical School.‎ Data sent to commercial companies like 23andMe, which has over 5 million customers, is much tougher for outsiders to access, but the case has still highlighted the issue of genetic privacy.‎ Although many genetic-testing companies have been asked to cooperate with legal investigations (调查), and clearly warn customers of this possibility, not all requests are honored. “23andMe has never given customer information to law-enforcement officials, ” a company representative told TIME.‎ The risks of keeping such sensitive data private are high. The potential for abuse exists; for example, insurance companies could theoretically use genetic data to refuse coverage (保险项目), Green says. But the systems in place to prevent misuse appear to be working. One is the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, a 2008 law that protects consumers from employment and insurance discrimination related to genetics. As long as that’s the case, Green says, the good of genetic tests outweighs the bad.‎ Sharon Zehe, a lawyer for the department of laboratory medicine and pathology at the Mayo Clinic, takes a more cautious approach. “Family tree services can be fun, but make sure you are using a reputable organization that has strong privacy policies in place, ” she says. “Genetic data is biologically as important as a fingerprint.”‎ ‎32. Who is the Golden State Killer?‎ A. Robert Green. B. Joseph James De Angelo.‎ C. The author. D. Sharon Zehe.‎ ‎33. What drives the users to upload their genetic data?‎ A. The Police’s force. B. Their relatives’ advice.‎ C. The boss’s order. D. Their own willingness.‎ ‎34. Who might misuse customers’ genetic data?‎ A. The police. B. GEDmatch. ‎ C. Insurance companies. D. 23andMe.‎ ‎35. What is the main idea of the text?‎ A. Genetic data is equal to a fingerprint.‎ B. A 72-year-old killer was put into prison.‎ C. Murders causes concern for genetic privacy.‎ D. Genetic information is shared on the Internet.‎ 参考范文：32-35 BDCC ‎[二]‎ His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system.‎ ‎“You appear to be astonished, ” Holmes said, smiling at my expression. “Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a man’s brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones.”‎ ‎“But the Solar System! ” I protested.“What the deuce is it to me?” he interrupted impatiently.‎ One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it.‎ Its somewhat ambitious title was “The Book of Life, ” and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a man’s inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer.‎ ‎“From a drop of water, ”said the writer, “a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. ”‎ This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it.‎ ‎1.What is the author’s attitude toward Holmes?‎ ‎[A]Praising.‎ Critical.‎ ‎[C]Ironical.‎ ‎[D]Distaste.‎ ‎2.What way did the author take to stick out Holmes’ uniqueness?‎ ‎[A]By deduction.‎ By explanation.‎ ‎[C]By contrast.‎ ‎[D]By analysis.‎ ‎3.What was the Holmes’ idea about knowledge-learning?‎ ‎[A]Learning what every body learned.‎ Learning what was useful to you.‎ ‎[C]Learning whatever you came across.‎ ‎[D]Learning what was different to you.‎ ‎4.What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about?‎ ‎[A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation.‎ One may become rather critical through observation and analysis.‎ ‎[C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis.‎ ‎[D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.‎ 这是一篇“传记”，作者采用以反衬正的对比手法写出了福尔摩斯之惊人才华。第一句话开明宗旨“他的无知和他的有知一样卓越惊人”，接着就是种种无知，达到突出其有知的成就。两 方面表达，一是福尔摩斯对无知的解释：不能照单全收；二是作者的反对见解衬托福之才华超人，能一滴水见大海。‎ 答案详解 ‎1.A 赞扬。作者以无知烘托人物之有知，以他本人的反对批评观点来证明人物的正确。否定及所谓机刺旨在铺垫。正反对比赞扬福之精明强悍，才智超人，洞察力强。‎ ‎2.C 作者采用对比手法。‎ ‎3.B 学习对你有用之物。第二段福之表白，他把头脑比作一个小小的空屋，不能随意选择家具（知识）塞满空间，应选择“有用之才”，免得填满了废物，把有用之才挤出去。‎ ‎4.C 通过观察和分析人会变得很敏锐。最后二段都是讲福所写文章的内容。善于观察和分析的人可以一眼看透人之本质，一点水能知大西洋。这种一叶知秋的本领是通过长期观察、分析研究而得。也就是说，通过观察分析，人可以变得敏感聪慧，因为万物都有联系。‎ ‎[三]‎ The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science -- once the least sexy technology – is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.‎ The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.‎ A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to ‎ permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites – plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds – made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman’s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.‎ Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.‎ But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.‎ ‎1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage?‎ ‎[A] Two [B]Three [C] Four [D] Five ‎2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?‎ ‎[A] To compare them with the new materials.‎ ‎[B]To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.‎ ‎[C] To compare the new materials to them.‎ ‎[D] To explain his view point.‎ ‎3. Why is transition difficult?‎ ‎[A] Because transition requires money and time.‎ ‎[B]Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.‎ ‎[C] Because research on new materials is very difficult.‎ ‎[D]Because it takes 10 years.‎ ‎4.Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff?‎ ‎[A] It lies in research. [B]It lies in investment.‎ ‎[C] It lies in innovation. [D] It lies in application.‎ 答案详解 这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导，然后再提出三种超导材料，再逐一说明。‎ ‎1.B 三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷：“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例，由于它的脆性，长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷，科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性，但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上，高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上，触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上，它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理，或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变，最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成，透明度极高，100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。‎ ‎2.B 说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”‎ ‎3.A 转折需要钱和时间。见最后一段“可是新材料只有制成产品才有影响，而这个转折可能很困难，因为转折需要长期的研究和投资。可以这么说，在不久的将来，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料转变成商品将决定一个国家之成败。”‎ B. 因为许多制造商不愿改变他们的设备。C. 因为新材料的研究非常困难。 D. 转折要华上十年时间。这三项文内没有涉及。‎ ‎4.D 在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。A. 在于研究。B. 在于投资。C. 在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中A和B文内提到，C项文内未涉及。‎ ‎[四]‎ Canadian singer and song writer, Alanis Morissette, is used to being in the public eye. Her most famous album（专辑）Jagged Little Pill, came out in 1995 when she was only twenty-one years old. It sold 15 million copies and made her world famous. Since then she has made several more albums and she has continued giving great performances on stage. ‎ Last Thursday night, hundreds of fans went to the Corn Exchange in Cambridge, England to see Alanis Morissette performing in concert. It was Morissette's first performance in England since her song "Uninvited" won this year's Grammy Award for the best rock song. The ‎ ‎30-year-old singer has a strong fan base in England. There was not an empty seat anywhere in the concert hall at last Thursday's event, although it was an extremely cold night. “Sure it's cold outside, but I hope we'll warm it up in here for you”, Morissette said to the large crowd before she started to play.‎ During the 3-hour concert, Morissette used a lot of material from her award-winning album "Jagged Little Pill". She also played a few songs from her new album, such as "Everything But…”, which tells the story of someone looking for love in the wrong places. Morissette gave a creative and powerful performance in another song “Utopia”. Her singing was full of feelings; the first part of the song was filled with anger, while the last part expressed love and joy.‎ Although the concert hall was cold and the sound system caused a few problems, the audience could still enjoy the concert. Many people in the crowd were obviously long-time fans and they knew the words and sang along to nearly every song throughout the concert. The atmosphere inside the concert hall was extremely exciting. Everyone agreed that they were greatly impressed by Morissette's brilliant music and sing.‎ At the end of the three hours, Morissette showed that she was a true performer, singing a well-known song “Heartache”. She finished the evening with a new song about the life of a superstar. While I watched and listened, I knew that I was seeing the performance of a real superstar.‎ ‎31. Which of the following facts CAN’T prove that the performance was successful?‎ A. There wasn’t an empty seat in the concert hall at the event.‎ B. The fans sang along to nearly every song throughout the concert.‎ C. The song "Uninvited" won this year's Grammy Award for the best rock song.‎ D. Although it was cold in the concert hall, the atmosphere inside was exciting.‎ ‎32. How many albums of Alanis’ are mentioned in the passage?‎ A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2.‎ ‎33. What do we know about Alanis Morissette?‎ A. Her album Jagged Little Pill made her world famous.‎ B. Alanis Morissette came to perform in London for the first time.‎ C. Her well-known song “Heartache” is about the life of a superstar.‎ D. Morissette has got two awards in her life.‎ ‎34. Which of the following word might have the closest meaning to “brilliant” in Paragraph 4?‎ A. fast B. excellent C. popular D. strong ‎35. Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A. Alanis—a True Performer B. A Successful Concert C. My Superstar D. Alanis and her Fans 参考范文：‎ ‎31-35 CDABA ‎[五]‎ Afghanistan has its own comedian（喜剧演员）whose name is Karim Asir. He wears makeup and clothes to look just like the famous British actor, Charlie Chaplin. He also uses similar physical movements. He performs on the streets and at events in the Afghan capital, Kabul.‎ The 25-year-old actor says his goal is to use humor to help take people's minds off the difficulties they face every day. “It is very simple, I want to give Afghans a reason to smile”, he said.‎ Charlie Chaplin rose to fame during the silent film age in the 1920s. His movies became popular around the world. One of his most famous characters was a funny-looking man known as "The Little Tramp." This character had no money and was always getting into trouble. The creative（创新的） methods he used to get out of trouble were always humorous.‎ Asir and his family left for Iran after the Islamic Taliban group took control of Afghanistan in 1996. When the family returned to Afghanistan, Asir started wearing makeup and recreating（重塑） Chaplin's characters. He also began performing in public, even though his parents expressed concerns（关心） about him making this his job. He said his parents wanted him to find more steady work choices, such as a politician or doctor. But he said he felt his interests and skills would be better used in other ways. He added that his parents showed understanding over time and he decided to study theater at Kabul University.‎ Now, Asir says he parents are pleased when they see his videos getting more than 1 million views on YouTube. And he said they like that people line up on the street to take pictures with him.‎ But it is not always easy for Asir to perform in a city which suffers repeated attacks by Taliban. Militants（军方） have threatened Asir, whose performances, they say, are un-Islamic.‎ ‎ “I want to give my people a chance to forget their problems such as war, conflicts and danger in Afghanistan”, he said. To do this, he keeps smiling while performing around the city and meeting with fans. But Asir says that inside, he cannot help but feel fearful about possible attacks.‎ ‎26. Karim Asir does the performance to __________.‎ A. give Afghans a chance to forget their problems ‎ B. help concentrate on the daily difficulties ‎ C. give Afghans a reason to think about the future D. rise to fame like Charlie Chaplin ‎27. Which is NOT the similarity between Asir’s performance and Chaplin’s?‎ A. Makeup and clothes. B. The style of their acting.‎ C. Physical movements. D. The times of their acting.‎ ‎28. What difficulties has Karim Asir met?‎ A. The city often suffers attacks by Taliban.‎ B. His family can’t afford the cost of clothes and makeup.‎ C. He can’t find the place to perform.‎ D. He is too fearful to perform.‎ ‎29. What is his parents’ attitude to his performance？‎ A. They are worried about him making this his job.‎ B. They want him to find more steady work choices.‎ C. They are happy to see his success.‎ D. They are concerned about the possible attacks.‎ ‎30. Why have Militants threatened Asir?‎ A. Because his performances are too popular.‎ B. Because his performances break the Islamic rules.‎ C. Because his performances make people happy. ‎ D. Because his performances are against Taliban.‎ 参考范文：26-30 ADACB ‎ ‎[六]‎ Officials from Guangxi in South China are looking for ways to attract more tourists from Mexico.‎ Earlier this week, Li Bin, vice chairman of Guangxi, visited Mexico city and spoke about Guangxi's growing tourism industry and the government's efforts to attract tourists from Mexico.‎ ‎"This time in Mexico, we not only want to learn about its successful tourism strategy, but also to promote the beautiful scenery -- both cultural and natural-- found in Guangxi," Li said in a presentation which was also attended by Chinese ambassador（大使） Qiu Xiaoqi.‎ Guangxi's rich natural attractions and cultural heritage（遗产） make it a popular tourism place for both Chinese and foreigners, Li said.‎ Guangxi's top attractions include the famous Karst Mountains and Caves in the riverside city of Guilin, a UNESCO-listed World Heritage Site known for its unusually-shaped green hills.‎ Another popular sight is Zuojiang Huashan, home to rock paintings believed to be more than 2,300 years old.‎ Ambassador Qiu also praised the beauty of Guangxi. "I've been in Mexico five years, many friends know me, but very few know that I am from Guangxi," Qiu said. "I am going to do everything possible so that my birthplace becomes a place that helps develop the tourism and the human relations between our two countries," Qiu added.‎ In 2017, 520 million tourists visited Guangxi, including 5 million foreigner visitors.‎ ‎21. The passage wants to tell us __________.‎ A. Guangxi is attracting more and more foreign visitors B. Guangxi is trying to sell tourism to Mexican visitors C. Guangxi is developing its tourism for all the visitors D. Guangxi has best natural and cultural attractions in China ‎ ‎22. According to the passage, which of the following statement is correct?‎ A. Lin Bin and ambassador Qiu were both born in Guangxi.‎ B. Tourism will help to improve the relations between Chinese and Mexican.‎ C. Zuojiang Huashan is famous for its unusually-shaped green hills.‎ D. In 2017, more than 10% tourists to Guangxi were foreigners.‎ 参考答案：21-22 BB ‎ ‎[七]‎ Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be. Places of business that used to keep daytime" business hours" are now open late into the night. And on the Internet, the hour of the day and the day of the week have become irrelevant(不相关的). A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work，school time and summer time. Today the boundaries still exist, but they seem not clear.‎ The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday; in most, it no longer does. It used to keep the schools open in all seasons except summer; in most, it still does. And whether the work week should strengthen its legal limits，or whether it should become more" flexible"， is often debated. How should we, as a society，organize our time? Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much like every other?‎ These are not easy questions even to ask. Part of the difficulty is that we rarely recognize the"law of time" even when we meet it face to face. We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours, a certain number of days, a certain number of years-but unless we meet the truant officer(学监), we may well think that we should go to school due to social custom and parents' demand rather than to the law. As adults we are familiar with"extra pay for overtime working，" but less familiar with the fact that what constitutes(构成) "overtime" is a matter of legal definition. When we turn the clock forward to start daylightsaving time, have we ever thought to ourselves：" Here is the law in action"？ As we shall see, there is a lot of law that has great influence on how we organize and use time: compulsory education law, overtime law, and daylightsaving law-as well as law about Sunday closing, holidays, being late to work ，time zones, and so on. Once we begin to look for it, we will have no trouble finding a law of time to examine and assess.‎ ‎[语篇解读]文章通过开头句(Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be.和过去相比，现在星期天倒更像星期一。)表明了我们的生活由时间规律来支配。‎ ‎1．By saying "Sunday is more like Monday that it used to be"，the writer means that________.‎ A. work time is equal to rest time B. many people have a day off on Monday C. it is hard for people to decide when to rest D. the line between work time and rest time is unclear ‎[解析]推理判断题。第一段首句Sunday is more like Monday than it used to be.是提纲挈领式的句子，后面紧接着举例论证了这一观点尤其是根据第一段最后一句可知我们上班时间和休息时间这两个界限的模糊性。从而推断本题选择D。[答案]D ‎2．The author raises the questions in Paragraph 2 to introduce the fact that people________.‎ A. fail to make full use of their time B. enjoy working overtime for extra pay C. are unaware of the law of time D. welcome flexible working hours ‎[解析]推理判断题。第二段主要论述时间规律问题，比如过去要求所有的商场星期天关门休业；过去除了夏季外，要求所有的学校所有季节全部开放，在很大程度上，今天商场不是关门休息，而是继续营业，学校继续上课，从而说明了人们没有意识到时间的自然规律问题。因此答案选择C。[答案]C ‎3．According to the passage, most children tend to believe that they go to school because they________.‎ A. need to acquire knowledge B. have to obey their parents C. need to find companions D. have to observe the law ‎[解析]事实细节题。根据第三段We know as children that we have to attend school a certain number of hours，a certain number of days，a certain number of years-but unless we meet the truant officer，we may well think we should go to school due to social custom and parents' demand rather than the law.这句信息句分析得知，这里大部分的孩子认为他们必须上学的原因应该是服从父母而非遵守法律。故选择B。[答案]B ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Our life is governed by the law of time. B. How to organize time is not worth debating.‎ C. New ways of using time change our society. D. Our time schedule is decided by social customs.‎ ‎[解析]主旨大意题。从头到尾，文章论述的是时间掌控我们的生活。最后一句就是点睛之笔。[答案]A ‎[八]‎ A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be"running out of control". This idea is dangerous.‎ Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively，will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.‎ Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对) ，whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.‎ In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of"controlling" science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响)on traditional moral values，some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.‎ Therefore，discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.‎ ‎[语篇解读]最近的一次调查表明了人们对于科学及其如何运用于人类世界的不同态度。尽管大多数人都持积极的态度，但有人认为科学发展及其应用最终可能危害人类。只有通过大家的努力，才能让科学最好地服务于人类。‎ ‎1．What can we conclude from the recent study?‎ A. People think highly of science.‎ B. People hold mixed opinions about science.‎ C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.‎ D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.‎ ‎[解析]推理判断题。第一段已点明了全文的主要内容：尽管人们对科学一般都是积极的态度，但最近调查表明还存在着广泛的担忧。[答案]B ‎2．According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?‎ A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.‎ B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.‎ C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.‎ D. People will work more actively to put science under control.‎ ‎[解析]　事实细节题。从第三段最后两句可知答案为C。[答案]C ‎3．The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because________.‎ A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes B. the ties between different areas need strengthening C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science ‎[解析]推理判断题。最后一段最后一句句意：只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力，我们才能安全地与错误地使用科学的现象作斗争，才能让科学最好地服务于人类。[答案]D ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.‎ B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.‎ C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.‎ D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.‎ ‎[解析]主旨大意题。第一段表明了全文的主要内容。[答案]　B ‎[九]‎ The bristlecone pine is the longest-living thing on the earth.These trees，with their strangely-shaped，wind-beaten limbs(枝干)，can live up to 5 000 years．But experts worry that a warming climate in some areas may threaten its future． ‎ ‎ Researchers say warmer weather is permitting a similar kind of tree，the limber pine，to take over good growing places from the ancient bristlecone．They say the tree is being crowded out of mountainous areas where it grows.‎ ‎ “The bristlecone pine is the oldest individually growing organism，”researchers say．They grow in high mountain forests in eastern California，Nevada and Utah． In those mountains，the trees face high winds and extreme temperatures，which leave them with twisted limbs and shapes．“Even in such tough conditions，”Brian Smithers，a researcher at the University of California，said，“the limber pine is taking all the good spots．”‎ ‎ The limber pine is the bristlecone’s distant relative and competitor．It can also live a long time—up to 2 000 years．And it is usually found at lower altitudes，where temperatures are warmer．However，according to a three-year study which centered on trees that have started growing in the last 50 years in California’s White Mountains，most of the trees growing at higher altitudes were limber pines．‎ ‎ Scientists compared the competing species to two o1d men in a very slow race up a mountainside．This race between such slow-growing trees takes thousands of years．They say climate change is causing the competition．‎ ‎ Smithers said the bristlecone pines are not in danger of disappearing．But he assumes they could be crowded out of some places where they have grown for thousands of years．‎ ‎ The researchers say the findings show how climate change can affect the two kinds of trees． The information，they say，can help scientists understand more complex forests．‎ ‎24. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?‎ A. To introduce a topic． B. To summarize the whole passage．‎ C. To describe the appearance of a tree． D. To praise the hard work of the experts．‎ ‎25. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. There will be older trees sent out of those mountains．‎ B. There will be more places covered with bristlecone pines．‎ C. There will be better limber pines replacing the ancient ones．‎ D. There will be fewer bristlecone pines growing in those areas．‎ ‎26. According to the passage，the reason why limber pines can grow at higher altitudes is_________．‎ A. the high winds B. the difficult conditions C. the changing climate D. the extreme temperatures ‎27. What is the researchers’ attitude towards the future of the bristlecone pine?‎ A. Positive． B. Concerned． C. Enthusiastic． D. Indifferent．‎ 参考范文： 24—27 ADCB ‎[十]‎ ‎ Britain’s workforce face the threat of unemployment as robots take over human jobs, chief economist Mr. Haldane from the Bank of England has warned, claiming the UK must re-skill its workforce to avoid growing numbers of “technologically unemployed” people.‎ ‎ The “fourth industrial revolution”, driven by artificial intelligence, could change the economy potentially on a greater scale（规模）than ever before, he told BBC Radio 4’s Today Programme.‎ ‎ People with manual（手工的）jobs, such as in transportation, manufacturing and storage, are most at risk of losing work as a result of artificial intelligence, who will be able to undertake tasks faster and more efficiently than humans, while customer-facing roles, focused on skills of human interaction and negotiation, could increase as a result of technology.‎ Mr. Haldane added we must learn the “lessons of history” by re-training the workforce to take up new jobs created by technology.‎ ‎ He linked the current changes being driven by advances in robotics with previous periods of rapid technological change in the 19th and 20th centuries. “Each of those industrial revolutions had a far-reaching effect on the job market, on the lives and livelihoods of society, heightening social and financial tensions, and led to a rise in inequality. This is the dark side of technological revolutions.” It’s remarkable that his warning follows data published last week showing the UK’s jobless rate fell to the lowest level since 1975 in June.‎ Tabitha Goldstaub, chair of the UK government’s AI Council, warned that people would need critical support to prepare for changes that could see up to 50% of jobs currently done replaced by new technologies.‎ ‎ However, not everyone agrees that AI will hollow out the need for the workforce. In May, 71% of UK chief executives told KPMG that AI will create more jobs than it destroys in the short run.‎ ‎28. What’s the warning of Mr. Haldane?‎ ‎ A. Robots will take human’s jobs. B. Robots can socialize with man.‎ ‎ C. AI will threaten human existence. D. Technical changes cause disasters.‎ ‎29. What’s the unfavorable side of technological revolutions?‎ ‎ A. A drop in the quality of products. B. A stop in economic development.‎ ‎ C. A rise in social inequality and stress. D. A fall in the living standard of society.‎ ‎30. Which of the following best explains “hollow out” underlined in Paragraph 8?‎ ‎ A. Strengthen. B. Reduce. C. Oppose. D. Introduce.‎ ‎31. What can be a suitable title for the passage?‎ A. AI Threatens the Existence of the Workforce. ‎ B. New Jobs Come with AI for the Workforce.‎ C. The Fourth Industrial Revolution Hurts People. ‎ D. Robots will Take the Jobs of British Workforce.‎ 参考范文：‎ 本文是一篇新闻报道。英国国家银行的高级经济学家警告说，随着人工智能的发展，很多传统行业的工人将被机器人替代。但是另外一些人认为，人工智能的发展会产生新的工作岗位，因为机器人完成不了与人类的互动。‎ ‎28.A细节理解题。第一段说，英国国家银行的经济学家霍尔丹警告说，机器人将会接替人类的工作，给人类带来失业风险，因此英国必须培训自己的劳动力，以避免出现大批技术失业的人，因此选A。‎ ‎29.C 细节理解题。根据题干的“技术革命的不利方面”我们把答案定位在第五段，该段说，历史上每次技术革命对劳动力市场和社会生活都有深远的影响，会加深社会紧张，导致不公平现象的上升，因此选C。‎ ‎30.B猜测词义题。划线词的语境表示并非每个人都认为人工智能的出现会削弱对劳动力的需求，这是本段的主题句，结合语境判断划线词的含义是B，“减少”。‎ ‎31.D主旨大意题。全文介绍随着人工智能的发展，机器人将会取代劳动力大军，因此本文的标题选D。‎