【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空14条设题及解题对策学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习完形填空14条设题及解题对策学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习完形填空14条设题及解题对策 ‎ ‎ ‎1. 跳读首尾句进行预测 一般来讲，高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what，即四个W，那么就是记叙文，很可能就是一个故事;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。首句往往开宗明义，是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。所以，它们是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对我们理解全文有着重要的启示作用。‎ ‎ 2. 利用语法分析解题 完形填空虽然以语境填空为主，但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题，考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识，分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。 如：___8___ I had been born in the 16thcentury, I would have had no job.            A. Because B. While C. If D. Since ‎【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设，是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用 if 引导。‎ ‎ 3. 利用固定搭配解题 完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查，主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态，即所谓的“习语”，不能随意改动。所以，考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题，需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力，特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。 如：They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ___12___ baths.‎ A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered ‎【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath，意为“洗澡”。‎ ‎ 4. 利用固定句型解题 完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解，但同时也会考到一些固定句型，考生掌握好这些句型，对确定题目的答案很有帮助。 如：It wasn’t long ___18___the police caught the thief.‎ A. after B. when C. before D. until ‎【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常用句型，意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。‎ ‎ 5. 利用复现信息解题 语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。 如： I put my head in, expecting the worst. Butto my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all.It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly.‎ A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D.companion ‎【解析】名词同现，空格前出现了room,furniture, curtains, a TV等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。‎ ‎ 6. 利用跳读法解题 一般而言，完形填空要填的20空中总有一些空是相对简单的。对于这类空格考生可以先将其确定下来，之后再逐个去突破其他空。跳过那些不太容易得出答案的题。切忌做题时循规蹈矩地一个顺着一个地去完成。 如：“Visitors!” repeated Josh, wide-awake at once. He___1___ up and looked around.A short distance away, a group of___2___ stood quietly watching us. One of them___3___ walking toward us. We both jumped to our ___4___ not knowing what to expect.‎ ‎1. A. sat B. stayed C. thought D. put ‎2. A. pilots B. natives C. editors D.assistants ‎3. A. avoided B. delayed C. began D.desired ‎4. A. boat B. car C. horses D. feet ‎【解析】在通读全文的第一遍中，我们可以很容易地将第四空填出来，这是固定搭配jump to one’s feet (跳起来);由此也可推出第三空的答案，因为有人开始向“我们”走了过来，所以“我们”才跳了起来;再根据第一空前面的wide-awake可知，此处指的应该是“我和Josh完全清醒，坐起来，环顾四周”，所以第一空的答案为A;最后，根据句首Visitors可推知第二空的答案为B。‎ ‎ 7. 巧用排除法解题 在有些情况下，考生如果不能很有把握地直接得出某一道题的答案，可以把排除法和词汇、语法分析结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围，提高正确率。 如： The woman looked carefully at me ___5___through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.‎ A. as usual B. for a while C. in a minute D. once again ‎【解析】这篇文章讲述的是没有工作经验的作者找到工作的故事。此题的解题关键词是carefully，既然是“认真地看”，就不会是ina minute (立刻、马上);‎ 既然互不相识，作者也未曾去找过工作，不会是as usual(像往常一样);前面没说已经打量过作者一次了，所以用once again(再一次)是不合理的。所以，答案只能是B.‎ ‎ 8. 利用逻辑关系解题 尝试从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落与段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。‎ ‎ (1) 句中逻辑关系 Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon,hydrogen, oxygen, and___45___nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.‎ A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely ‎【解析】短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon,hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在45空考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。故选C。‎ ‎ (2) 句间逻辑关系 在此，我们发现所谓逻辑关系并不抽象，它往往通过转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词来体现。当然，句子的逻辑关系也不一定体现在一句话的内部，它还可以渗透到篇章的层面上，在句与句之间表现出来。如：‎ ‎ Ms Cleveland does not keep her workers on a short leash. ___13___, she encourages them to get ___14___ ways to do business.‎ A. Still B. Yet C. Instead D. While ‎【解析】根据前后句子的意思可推出两句间的逻辑关系是转折，意思是“Old Mr Cleveland把工人用带子捆绑起来(没有任何自由)，而她不那样，相反(instead)她鼓励雇员”。‎ ‎ (3) 段间逻辑关系 这种逻辑关系主要体现在段落之间的衔接上。 如： Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.‎ It is generally recognized, ___29___, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.‎ A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore ‎【解析】这里有两种情况，第一可能是第二段前后的逻辑体现;第二就是段落的前后衔接。但是，这个题出现在第二段的第一句 ‎ ‎，那么，从完形填空注重逻辑关系的命题思路来看，我们优先考虑第二种情况。前段末句意为“不是每个人都能够正确看待这个进程”。而第二段首句为“大家普遍认为”，显然这两者之间存在了逻辑意义上的相反，此处可能体现了一种转折关系。故选C。‎ ‎ 9. 巧用背景常识解题 解答完形填空题时，有时文章中提供的信息还不够，还需要把读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑，最后作出符合常识的最佳答案。因此，考生的知识范围越广，则对文章的理解会更容易，整体上知道所选短文在说什么，那么局部上的每一个空填起来也会得心应手。因此解答完形填空题时，考生的英语语言知识和有关世界的知识，都发挥着重要的作用。‎ ‎ 当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。 如：After ___2___ the British flag at the Pole,they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.‎ A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying ‎【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”，故答案为plant。‎ ‎ 10. 利用对比结构解题 对比结构常把两种对立的事物或同一事物的两个不同方面并列出来加以比较或对比。高考完形填空题常常利用句子之间的对比关系或者同一个句子的不同部分之间的对比关系设计题目。 如：A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and___59___room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his home working a small, noisy room with the television on.‎ A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D.suitable ‎【解析】本题利用相似短语之间的对比关系来命题。设空部分与下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在对比关系。作者想借此说明“相同的作业”对于“不同家庭背景的学生”所表现出的事实上的不公平。答案为C。‎ ‎ 11. 利用平行结构解题 平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，语法一致的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度，利用其表现意义的关联或对比这一特点来设空。高考完形填空短文常常会出现这样一些平行结构，掌握这些结构极为相似的句子可大大提高我们的解题效率。 如：Companies with low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them ___42___ and active.‎ A. alive B. vivid C. mobile D. diverse ‎【解析】因空格处与and后面的active是平行的，所以答案为与active意思相近的alive。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎12. 利用暗示和对应解题 完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和单词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。暗示与上下对应的思维方法，是突破此类完形填空最关键的思维方式。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处前后通常多有暗示，这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。 如：...he would join student groups to discussa variety of ___47___: agriculture, diving and mathematics.‎ A. questions B. subjects C. matters D.contents ‎【解析】此题后面的冒号部分有提示：agriculture，diving and mathematics是他们谈话讨论的话题，由此可得出本题的答案为B。‎ ‎ 13. 根据文章的感情色彩解题 考生在第一遍通读时，应在掌握文章大意，弄清作者思路的基础上，着重寻找反映语境褒贬性的标志性词汇或句子，这些标志性词汇或句子往往对文章的语境褒贬性起着决定性的作用。 如：I was so surprised that I was___47___(speechless). My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. ___48___(As a result), at the point in our game when I’d have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was ___49___(instead) 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 (leading).‎ ‎【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。‎ ‎ 14. 综合利用各种线索解题 完形填空题主要考查短文阅读理解的能力。因此考生必须阅读全文，弄清句子与句子之间的关系，准确理解全文。为了答好题，考生必须从字里行间寻找能够利用的线索。如书写和形态变化线索(graphic and morphological clues)、词汇线索(lexical clues)、句法线索(syntacticalclues)、社会文化线索(socio-culturalclues)，并根据有关的线索进行猜测，作出合理的判断。 如：And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clock three days from that day… Since he was ___44___ in three days, Andy didn’t lose any time.‎ A. moving B. returning C. staying D.leaving ‎【解析】单从这句来看，考生实难判断出正确答案，但如果结合前文，就可以找到设空部分的解题线索——上文中出现的词汇leaving。故本题答案为D。‎ 典题例析 ‎【一】‎ After stepping out of the international plane, I realized my 10hour sleepy voyage ‎ finally came to an end. Sitting on the bus, I was waiting anxiously for it to start.‎ A woman, sitting next to me, and her daughter both seemed __1__. She told me that her daughter had an upset stomach and would throw up continuously; __2__， the mother had lost her __3__. Apart from a significant amount of money, the purse also had her phone and a phone number of an important __4__， a person she was travelling 90 kilometers to meet for discussing a __5__ matter which had to be __6__ by tomorrow morning.‎ I handed her my cellphone without __7__ and told her that she could make any call she wanted. I also __8__ a bottle of water I had in my bag to relieve her daughter of her __9__. After making several calls, they finally __10__ to the official! They turned to look at me __11__ and thanked me many times.The woman tried to pay for my __12__， but I jumped to do it before her __13__ I knew she had lost her money.‎ Next morning, I received a call from the mother, saying that they couldn’t tell how much my __14__ act touched them. They were so __15__ that they had taken down my number to thank me. I was __16__ to be thanked in this way. I never thought my simple offer __17__ so much in her heart. And I thought of how many opportunities for __18__ we had lost by plugging into cellphones and being disconnected __19__ the reality around us — something with easy access may make a big __20__ to others.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者在公交车上帮助一对母女渡过难关的故事告诉我们：小小的关怀和帮助有时会对别人产生很大的影响。‎ ‎1．A.excited　　　　　　 　B．relaxed C．unconscious D．uncomfortable 解析：选D　根据本段第二句可知，这对母女都看起来很不安(uncomfortable)，故选D。‎ ‎2．A.besides B．however C．therefore D．otherwise 解析：选A　根据上下文语境可知，此处表示除此之外，这位母亲还丢了钱包，故选A。 ‎ ‎3．A.phone B．address C．purse D．luggage 解析：选C　参见上题解析。下文的“the purse also had her phone”是提示。‎ ‎4．A.accountant B．doctor C．lawyer D．official 解析：选D　根据第10空后面的“the official”可知，此处指钱包里有一位重要的官员的电话，故选D。‎ ‎5．A.simple B．pressing C．political D．financial 解析：选B　根据空后的“which had to be __6__ by tomorrow morning”可知，这件事必须在明天上午之前解决，由此可知，这是一件紧急的事情。pressing“紧迫的，迫切的”，故选B。‎ ‎6．A.settled B．ignored C．raised D．dropped 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎7．A.doubt B．permission C．question D．hesitation 解析：选D　此处表示作者毫不犹豫地把手机递给那位女士。故选D。‎ ‎8．A.produced B．ordered C．bought D．sold 解析：选A　根据语境可知，作者也从包里拿出一瓶水。produce“拿出”，故选A。‎ ‎9．A.fever B．stress C．sickness D．appetite 解析：选C　根据上文内容可知，作者拿出水是为了缓解那个女孩儿的胃痛，故选C。‎ ‎10．A.came over B．got through C．looked up D．turned around 解析：选B　根据语境可知，打了几个电话后，她们终于打通了那位官员的电话。get through“(用电话)联系上”。故选B。‎ ‎11．A.doubtfully B．closely C．anxiously D．gratefully 解析：选D　作者帮助了她们，她们充满感激地看着作者并且感谢作者很多次。故选D。‎ ‎12．A.water B．offer C．ticket D．assistance 解析：选C　根据语境可知，为了感谢作者，那位女士想要为作者付车票钱，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.since B．if C．while D．although 解析：选A　根据空格前后的内容，此处表示原因。故选A。‎ ‎14．A.temporary B．generous C．cautious D．honest 解析：选B　作者慷慨的行为让她们非常感动，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.reasonable B．flexible C．considerate D．desperate 解析：选C　那对母女考虑得很周到，记下了作者的电话号码来感谢作者，故选C。‎ ‎16．A.ashamed B．astonished C．disappointed D．amused 解析：选B　受到这种方式的感谢后作者很吃惊，因为作者认为那只是一种简单的帮助，故选B。‎ ‎17．A.weighed B．balanced C．increased D．ranked 解析：选A　作者从来没想过自己简单的帮助却在她心中产生了如此大的影响，故选A。 weigh“有影响”。‎ ‎18．A.courage B．success C．kindness D．justice 解析：选C　根据下文意思可知，此处表示我们曾经失去过很多表达善意的机会，故选C。‎ ‎19．A.in B．beyond C．of D．from 解析：选D　根据上下文的意思可知，我们通常塞上耳机，与我们周围的现实相脱离，从而失去了对别人表达善意的机会，故选D。‎ ‎20．A.promise B．wish C．difference D．gesture 解析：选C　此处表示一些很容易做到的事情却对别人有很重要的意义。make a difference“有影响，有作用”，故选C。‎ ‎【二】‎ ‎(2016·济南3月模拟)One Monday evening, I received a direct message from a boy who had someone write a mean message in his locker. He took a picture of it and sent it to me asking for __1__. I asked him to meet me the following morning.‎ A few hours later I __2__ on the Internet that he had posted the picture of the mean note and asked if anyone __3__ who it was. I thought it was __4__ of the boy to reach out via social media.‎ The next day the boy came to me and another __5__ was with him. The boy showed me another note he had __6__. But this was a beautiful, heartfelt __7__. I asked him if he knew who had done it, and the boy who came with him __8__， “It was me. I don’t know why I did it, __9__ I know it was wrong and not at all kind. So I wrote him this note. I also wrote 150 notes with __10__ sayings and put them in all the lockers. I just __11__ to do something to make up for my __12__.”‎ My heart felt full of pride and love for this __13__ boy. I told him how courageous it ‎ was for him to come __14__ and how amazing it was that he did something kind in return to try to balance his __15__. I turned to the boy who received both notes and asked him if he also __16__ the bravery and could forgive. Without __17__， he said, “Yes, definitely. And __18__ anyone tries to be mean to him for making a bad choice, I will stand up to him.”‎ These two boys __19__ me that coming forward when we need help is important, and coming forward to __20__ a wrong is vital.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述的是一个小男孩虽然犯了错误，但是他能够勇敢地承认并且做一些事情来弥补他所犯的错误，这也极为重要。‎ ‎1．A.support B．money C．help D．comfort 解析：选C　根据句意可知，一个周一的晚上，“我”收到了来自一个小男孩的信息，在他的储物柜里有一张话语刻薄的纸条。他拍下照片并且给“我”发过来寻求帮助。ask for help“寻求帮助”。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎2．A.noticed B．realized C．concluded D．declared 解析：选A　根据句意可知，几个小时之后，“我”注意到小男孩把这张带有刻薄信息的纸条的图片发到了网上。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎3．A.agreed B．predicted C．knew D．imagined 解析：选C　根据本句中的“asked”和“who it was”可知，这个男孩想问是否有人知道是谁写的这张纸条。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎4．A.patient B．smart C．honest D．reliable 解析：选B　根据“reach out via social media”可知，“我”认为他是一个聪明的男孩，懂得用社交媒体来达到目的。故B项符合题意。‎ ‎5．A.boy B．teacher C．girl D．advisor 解析：选A　根据第8空前的“the boy who came with him”可知，第二天这个男孩来见“我”，并且带来了另一个男孩。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎6．A.written B．lost C．received D．selected 解析：选C　根据下文中的“So I wrote him this note.”可知，这个男孩给“我”展示了他收到的另一张纸条。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎7．A.invitation B．wish C．greeting D．apology 解析：选D　根据第9空后的“I know it was wrong and not at all kind”可知，跟着小男孩一起来的那个男孩意识到自己做了错事，所以这次他在给小男孩的纸条上写着真诚的道歉。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎8．A.replied B．added C．shouted D．argued 解析：选A　根据下文中的“It was me ...”可知，此处指跟小男孩一起来的那个男孩回答是他做的这件事。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎9．A.so B．for C．or D．but 解析：选D　根据空格前后句意可知，写纸条的小男孩不知道他为什么这么做，但是他知道自己做错了，那是不善良的行为。空格前后两句为转折关系。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎10．A.simple B．kind C．specific D．cautious 解析：选B　根据“also”及上文内容可知，这个做错事的小男孩承认了自己的错误，所以此处指他还写了150条善意的纸条并放在了所有人的储物柜里。故B项符合题意。‎ ‎11．A.wanted B．continued C．failed D．refused 解析：选A　根据上文中的“I also wrote 150 notes with __10__ sayings and ...”可知，这个做错事的小男孩想要做一些事情来弥补他的过错。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎12．A.carelessness B．loneliness C．meanness D．sadness 解析：选C　根据上文中的“mean message”和“mean note”可知，这个小男孩认识到了自己的错误，于是想做些事情来弥补。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎13．A.special B．unique C．wise D．brave 解析：选D　根据上文可知，这个写纸条的男孩主动承认他所犯的错误并尽力弥补，所以“我”为这个勇敢的男孩感到自豪并且内心充满了喜爱。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎14．A.along B．forward C．back D．out 解析：选B　根据上文可知，这个犯错误的小男孩是主动承认错误的。最后一段中的“coming forward”也是提示。故B项符合题意。‎ ‎15．A.mistake B．loss C．belief D．value 解析：选A　根据语境可知，这个写刻薄纸条的小男孩做了很多善意的事情来弥补他犯下的错误。故A项符合题意。‎ ‎16．A.compared B．challenged C．presented D．recognized 解析：选D　根据空格前的“also”及下文“could forgive”可知，“我”转过身问那个收到两张纸条的小男孩是否也会像“我”一样赞赏那个犯错误的小男孩的勇敢并原谅他。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎17．A.difficulty B．doubt C．hesitation D．fear 解析：选C　根据下文“Yes, definitely.”可知，此处指收到两张纸条的小男孩没有任何犹豫地回答道 。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎18．A.although B．if C．because D．until 解析：选B　根据下文中的“I will stand up to him”可知，此处指如果任何人因为那个写刻薄话语的小男孩做了错事而对他刻薄，那个收到两张纸条的小男孩将会和他一起面对。故B项符合题意。‎ ‎19．A.promised B．warned C．showed D．informed 解析：选C　根据语境可知，这两个男孩的事情向“我”展示了当我们需要帮助的时候主动站出来是重要的。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎20．A.discover B．conduct C．judge D．admit 解析：选D　根据语境及全文内容可知，此处指主动承认错误也极为重要。故D项符合题意。‎