2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题四形容词和副词

2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题四形容词和副词

‎2020届二轮复习语法讲练专题四 形容词和副词 ‎ 形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。在与定冠词或物主代词连用时，也可用作名词，在句子中作主语、宾语等。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，有时也可修饰介词短语或全句。副词有时也可紧跟在名词后作定语或在宾语之后作宾补。‎ 一、形容词的基本用法 ‎1．作定语，修饰名词。如：a beautiful rose 一朵美丽的玫瑰 ‎2．作表语，置于系动词之后。‎ He is tall.‎ 他很高。‎ ‎3．作宾语补足语。‎ The news made me happy.‎ 这消息让我高兴。‎ ‎4．作状语，表示伴随、原因或结果，不表示动作的方式。‎ He stood there, tired and hungry.‎ 他站在那儿，又累又饿。‎ ‎5．与定冠词连用，表示一类人或物，作主语或宾语。‎ The injured were sent to the hospital right away.‎ 伤者被立刻送往医院。‎ ‎ ‎ 有些形容词只作表语，通常不作前置定语，但可作后置定语或宾语补 足语。如：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alike, alive, ashamed, sorry, sure等。‎ 二、形容词的位置 形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的名词前，但在下列情况中也可后置。‎ ‎1．表语形容词作定语时。‎ Money alone cannot create fortune.‎ 金钱本身不能创造财富。‎ ‎2．修饰不定代词时。‎ I have something important to tell you.‎ 我有重要的事情要和你说。‎ ‎3．形容词短语修饰名词时。‎ a bottle full of water装满水的瓶子 ‎4．else常置于不定代词或疑问代词之后作定语。‎ What else do you need?‎ 你还需要什么？‎ ‎5．表示长、宽、高、深、厚和年龄等的形容词短语修饰数词时作后置定语。‎ The river is 20 meters wide.‎ 这条河有20米宽。‎ ‎6．多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序： 多个形容词修饰名词时，一般按照下列顺序排列：限定词(冠词/指示代词/物主代词/名词所有格/数词等)＋描绘性形容词(表示观点、品质、状态的词)＋大小/形状/长 短/高低＋新旧/年龄＋颜色＋产地/来源＋材料/种类＋用途＋被修饰的词。即时记忆口诀：限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。‎ a large red Chinese wooden dinner table一张大的红色中式木质餐桌 三、副词的基本用法 ‎1．副词的分类：根据意义和句法功能，副词可以分为：‎ 时间副词 now, soon, always, recently ...‎ 地点副词 here, there, everywhere ...‎ 方式副词 hard, well, fast, slowly ...‎ 程度副词 much, very, almost, rather ...‎ 评论副词 honestly, luckily, generally, roughly ...‎ 疑问副词 how, when, where, why ...‎ 关系副词 when, where, why ...‎ 连接副词 when, where, how, whenever, however, therefore, besides ...‎ 其他副词 yes, no, certainly, surely ...‎ ‎2.副词的句法功能：副词在句中可作状语、表语、定语、补足语。‎ Time is up.‎ 时间到。‎ Let the dog out.‎ 让那只狗出去。‎ The woman there looks nice.‎ 那边的那位女士看起来很漂亮。‎ 四、副词的位置 ‎1．时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾，若这两种副词同时出现，一般将地点副词置于时间副词之前，也可将时间副词置于句首。‎ He told me it angrily at school yesterday.‎ 昨天在学校他很生气地告诉了我这件事。‎ ‎2．方式副词放在不及物动词之后，或位于及物动词之前或宾语之后，也可置于动词与宾语之间。‎ He works hard.‎ 他工作很努力。‎ She was writing carefully some letters to her friends last night.‎ 昨晚她一直很认真地在给朋友写信。‎ ‎3．程度副词(除enough外)一般置于被修饰的形容词、副词或动词之前。‎ This is a very good book.‎ 这是一本非常好的书。‎ I quite understand.‎ 我十分理解。‎ You are old enough.‎ 你足够大了。‎ ‎4．表示频率的副词一般位于实义动词之前，助动词、系动词、情态动词之后。‎ He often comes to see me.‎ 他常来看我。‎ ‎5．副词修饰全句时，一般位于句首。‎ Actually, you're mistaken.‎ 实际上，你误会了。‎ 五、形容词和副词的比较等级 ‎1．原级用法 常用于以下结构：肯定句中as＋adj./adv.原级＋as; 否定句中not as/so＋ adj./adv.原级＋as; the same ...as ...; such ...as ...‎ Her handwriting is as good as yours.‎ 她的书法和你的一样好。‎ It is not as /so warm as yesterday.‎ 今天不如昨天暖和。‎ This book is the same interesting as that one.‎ 这本书和那本一样有趣。‎ ‎2．比较级用法 ‎①比较级＋than 表示“一方比另一方……”‎ She is taller than I by three inches.‎ ‎＝She is three inches taller than I.‎ 她比我高三英寸。‎ ‎②比较级＋and＋比较级表示“越来越……”‎ It is becoming longer and longer.‎ 天越来越长。‎ It was raining more and more heavily.‎ 雨越下越大。‎ ‎③the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..表示“越……就越……”‎ The more I think, the more puzzled I feel.‎ 我越想越迷惑。‎ ‎④the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词表示“两者中比较……的那个”‎ The taller of the two boys is my brother.‎ 两个男孩中比较高的那一位是我的弟弟。‎ ‎3．最高级用法 ‎(1)基本用法 ‎①最高级用于三者或三者以上进行比较，基本形式为the ＋ adj./adv.最高级＋名词＋比较范围(表示范围的短语或从句)。‎ Beijing is one of the most beautiful cities in China.‎ 北京是中国最美丽的城市之一。‎ ‎②最高级可以被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost等词修饰。‎ Her oral English is almost the best in her class.‎ 她的口语在班上几乎是最好的。‎ ‎ ‎ 表示最高程度的词没有最高级，也不用于比较级。如：excellent, extreme, perfect等。‎ ‎(2)特殊用法 比较级在以下情形中可以表达最高级含义 ‎①比较级与否定词连用；‎ ‎②比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数；‎ ‎③比较级＋than＋all the other＋可数名词复数；‎ ‎④比较级＋than＋any of the other＋可数名词复数；‎ ‎⑤比较级＋than＋anything/anyone else。‎ China is larger than any other country in Asia.‎ 在亚洲，中国比其他任何一个国家都大。‎ Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.‎ 你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到过比这更好听的故事。‎ ‎4．倍数表达法 倍数表达法的几种常见结构：‎ ‎①A is ＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B；‎ ‎②A is ＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B；‎ ‎③A is ＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B；‎ ‎④A is ＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句。‎ Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost twice as much as his.‎ 彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是价钱却是它的两倍。‎ According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman.‎ 根据数据，男性死于皮肤癌的可能性是女性的两倍还要多。‎ The price of houses in Beijing is six times higher than that in my city.‎ 北京的房价是我市房价的六倍。‎ ‎[应用落实体验]‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．Our new house is very ________for me as I can get to the supermarket in five minutes from here.‎ A．convenient　　　　　　　 B．comfortable C．natural D．helpful 解析：选A　考查形容词辨析。句意：我们的新房对我来说很方便，因为从这里5分钟就可以到达超市。convenient“方便的；便利的”；comfortable“舒服的”；natural“自然的”；helpful“有帮助的”。‎ ‎2．________， even when both parents are lefthanded, there is still only a 26% chance of their children being lefthanded.‎ A．Accidentally B．Naturally C．Hopefully D．Interestingly 解析：选D　考查副词辨析。句意：有趣的是，甚至当父母两人都是左撇子的时候，他们的孩子成为左撇子的机会仍然只有26%。‎ accidentally“意外地”；naturally“自然地”；hopefully“有希望地”； interestingly“有趣地”。‎ ‎3．How can you call it home? It's ________ a house.‎ A．hardly B．rarely C．badly D．occasionally 解析：选A　句意：你怎么能称它为“家”呢？它连房子都算不上。hardly“几乎不，简直不”；rarely“很少地”，表示频率；badly“恶劣地”，修饰动作；occasionally“偶尔”，表示频率。‎ ‎4．Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity, which is ________ to an artist.‎ A．absolute B．urgent C．special D．vital 解析：选D　句意：用静止的形象作画会导致敏感度的缺失，敏感度对一个艺术家来说是至关重要的。vital“重要的”，符合句意。absolute“绝对的”；urgent“紧急的”；special“专门的，特别的”。‎ ‎5．Children are ________ to meet with setbacks as they grow up, so their parents don't have to worry about it.‎ A．possible B．due C．necessary D．bound 解析：选D　句意：孩子们在成长的过程中一定会遇到挫折，所以父母不必担心。be bound to“注定，一定”，固定搭配。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．A driver who is drunk is four_times_more_likely to cause an accident than one who isn't.(likely)‎ 酒后开车的司机出车祸的几率比不是酒后开车的大4倍。‎ ‎2．That's my last offer. A_higher_price will be beyond my reach.(high)‎ 我只能出这么多，价格再高我就买不起了。‎ ‎3．Of the two rooms, I chose_the_larger_one.(choose)‎ 这两个房间中，我挑选了那个大的。‎ ‎4．Thank you, Henry. You can't/couldn't have chosen a_better_gift for me.(gift)‎ 亨利，谢谢你，你为我选的礼物简直是无与伦比。‎ ‎5．Of the three most popular bikes, Mary chose the_least_expensive_one.(expensive)‎ 在这三辆最流行的自行车中，玛丽挑选了最便宜的那辆。‎ ‎6．Nothing_is_more_important than health, so it's our duty to take care of it before it's too late.(important)‎ 什么都不如健康重要，因此照顾好我们的身体，这是我们的职责，不然就悔之晚矣。‎ ‎7．He speaks English well indeed, but of course not_as/so_fluently_as a native speaker.(as)‎ 他的英语讲得确实很流畅，但是不如以英语为母语的人讲得那么流畅。‎ ‎8．Recently air quality in the capital has_been_made_worse ‎ because of the heavy fog.(make)‎ 最近，因为大雾，首都的空气质量变得更糟糕了。‎