2019届二轮复习短文改错考纲解读及九大考点探索课件（共36张PPT）

2019届二轮复习短文改错考纲解读及九大考点探索课件（共36张PPT）

2019 届二轮复习 短文改错考纲解读及考点探索 考纲解读 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。 高考短文改错的短文通常只有 110 个词左右，文体多为第一 / 三人称记叙文、应用文 ( 以书信为主 ) 。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。各种错误所占比例为 1 ： 1 ： 8 多 缺 错 命题特点 短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面。 一，语法方面。主要考察动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形 ( 指应该用动词、名词、形容词还是副词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式 ) 二，行文逻辑方面。主要考察人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词。句子的并列，递进，转折，因果关系和时间的先后顺序等。 考点 1 ．“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住“ ——” 、“∧”、“ ” 分别表示错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。 2 ．“四不改”原则：①单词拼写不改；②大小写不改；③词序错误不改 ( 应从错词或少词方面考虑 ) ；④标点符号不改。 3 ．“四改动”原则：①忠实于原文原则 ( 不可改变原文的原意 ) ；②错误以改动最少为原则；③虚词以添加或者删除为原则；④实词以改变形式为原则。 答题原则 常考的考点 一、冠词 二、谓语动词形 三、非谓语 四、名词数 五、形容词、副词 六、代词 七、介词和固定搭配 八、复合句连词、疑问词 九、逻辑 【2015 新课标全国 I】 but I miss my home in countryside. 【 2015 新课标全国 II 】 A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop. 【 2014 新课标全国 I 】 As result, the plants are growing somewhere. 【 2014 新课标全国 II】 There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. 【 2014 辽宁 】 Besides, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day . 一、冠词 ∨ the the ∨ a an 二、动词 形 【 2015· 新课标全国 I 】 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. We must found ways to protect your environment. 【 2015· 新课标全国 II 】 Tony was scared and begun to cry. If they will give me some information I will tell you. thought find began 提醒：在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中， 主句用将来时态，从句中则用一般现在时态 【 2014 新课标全国 II 】 My dream school look like a big garden. 【 2014 全国卷大纲版 】 The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 【 2013 陕西卷 】 Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and fish was caught. looks means was 动名词，不定式或从句做主语谓语动词用单数。 The students as well as the teacher likes the film. like 1 ） there be…; or; either…or…; neither…nor…; not (only)…but (also)…; as well as; together with; with; rather than; like; but…. 就近原则 就远原则 主谓一致特别提醒 Many a student have this kind of phone. Every man and every woman have such a good chance. has has 提醒 ： 主语有 every; many a; each 或 no 修饰或被 这些词修饰的并列成分做主语 谓语用单数 。 三、非谓语，细辨别 【2015 新课标全国 II】 After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 浙江 】 I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 【2015 四川 】 I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. 【 2015 陕西 】 I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” looking sitting ∧ to singing ∧ to I caught him cheated in the exam. 【 2012 陕西 】 I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Bingjing. 【 2013 四川 】 Mary, my best friend asked me to let her to copy my answers. He has never been heard speak ill of others. cheating taken 解决方案 除了并列谓语的存在，一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，如出现其他动词就必需转化成非谓语。 to do 表将来的主动动作。 done 被动，完成 doing 主动，进行 ∧ to 【 2015· 新课标全国 II 】 A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop 提醒： 看动词是充当谓语还是非谓语 told 四、名词 数 【 2015 新课标全国 I 】 The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier 【 2015 新课标全国 II 】 One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. A group of sheeps are eating grass and leaves at the foot of the hill. The book will give you all the informations you need. air parents sheep information 单复数同形： fish; deer; sheep; means; Chinese; Japanese 等 不可数： furniture ； fun ； homework ； paper ； news ； progress ； trouble ； advice; information; work （工作 ); equipment 等 可数名词单数形式不单独使用，要么用复数要么前面加冠词 In their opinions, they should have more holidays. 记清一些用于固定词组中名词的特殊用法如： in one’s opinion keep one’s word take measures to do sth. take action to do sth. opinion 五、还要注意形和副 【 2015 新课标全国 I 】 Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. Much rare animals are dying out 【 2015 新课标全国 II 】 Dad and I were terrible worried. 【2013 浙江 】 I am awfully tiring. 【2012 全国新课标 】 I learned that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. serious Many terribly tired less 解决方案 １.在 系动词 （be；感官系动词；become; go; turn等） 后 要常用 形容词 做表语。修饰 名词 也用 形容词 。 ２.修饰 动词，形容词或整个句子 用 副词 ３.关注 比较级 和 最高级 的使用 。 Unfortunate ， there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately fortunately ， luckily ， obviously ， naturally ， interestingly 【2013 浙江 】 I tried hardly to do it. hard 六 、 代词 格， 细领悟 1. 　人称代词 主格 和 宾格 ， 物主代词 的使用． ２． 反身代词 oneself 的使用． 3 ． 不定代词 的使用． 4 ． Both,all,either,neither,none 的使用. 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 I me we us you you you you he him she her it it they them 单数 复数 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 yours mine his hers its ours yours theirs 【 2014 辽宁 】 We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter 【 2013 陕西 】 We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake. 【 2012 陕西 】 I will recommend it to any friend of me who is going to Beijing. 【 2012 浙江 】 I knew that they would be worried about myself. your mine me our 【2013 四川 】 I let her copy my answers . But after the test, all of us were called to the teacher’s office. 【2012 重庆 】 How are you those days? I have been missing you very much. 【2012 重庆 】 I was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, I got angry and broke it. 【2013 浙江 】 Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “he was lucky to find other one” both these them another [ 考点剖析 ] 此类题的错误设置一般包括以下几个方面： 1)   代词指代的人或事物前后不一致的错误 . 2)   “it” 一词的不当使用 ( 包括用于从句中或作形式主语或宾语 ). 3)   不定代词或反身代词的误用 . 七、介词、 短语 要记住． 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识， 错误表现形式主要有 多词、少词 和 搭配错误 。 【2015 新课标全国 II】 Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 【2015 新课标全国 I】 Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【2014 新课标全国 I】 We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music . in with ∨ to lose my heart such many people 【2015 四川 】 Please help with me and give me some advice. I carefully wrote down her address, phone number and the set time in case of I forget. so 八、句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语。 这些都有待于我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。 【2015 新课标全国 II】 he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 【2015 四川 】 How do you think I should do? 【2014 四川 】 If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately. that 或 What 九、逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的 张冠李戴， 人名、地名、时间、方位等 方面的错误常是这类错误的考查对象。 【2015 新课标全国 I】 There the air is clean or the mountains are green. 【2014 浙江 】 A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset. and and 【2013 新课标全国 I】 He was the gentlest man I have never know. 【2012 辽宁 】 In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there till the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly. ever there 【2015 陕西 】 I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. 【2015 四川 】 I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. what do you think I should do? something but 解决方案 : (1)  培养用英语思维的良好习惯，避免汉语影响 . (2)   分析句子成分，把握句子结构 . (3) 结合上下文，完整领会短文内容 . 【 解题步骤 】 1 浏览全文，掌握大意 2 分句阅读，逐句找错 3 检查核对，攻克难点 4 规范答题 不留空白 短篇练习 At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree. They choose a big one. It was almost as taller as the room! They put them in the corner of the sitting ____ on _________ chose _______ tall _______ it 动词形 介词短语常常考，习惯用法要记住 还要注意形和副 代词格，细领悟 高考英语短文改错模拟训练 room. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light. The sitting room looked really beautifully at the moment. There was a fire burn in the fire place, and the Christmas tree lights were shinning brightly. Jim or his parents singing and dancing happily . ＼ _______ lights _____________ beautiful ∧ were 动词形 还要注意形和副 动词形 名词数 逻辑错误须关注 and 非谓语，细辨别 burning Dear Alice, I have just got some good  n ews to tell to you.     I win a national prize for painting last week.          My father was so pleasing that he suggested          I went to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying       t here for half a month, visiting place of interest       o r practicing my English as well. We’ve been         won pleased stay places and go Writing to each for nearly a year now. I have          often dreamed of talk face to  face  with you.               I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that        t ime. Perhaps we could go out to do some           sightseeing together.                             Best wishes ！                                    Lily ∧ other talking on