2019届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气课件（63张）

2019届二轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气课件（63张）

2019 届二轮复习第七 讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 01 02 情态动词 1. 情态动词的基本用法 | 2. 情态动词的推测性用法 3. “情态动词 +have done ”的用法 虚拟语气 1. 条件句中的虚拟语气 | 2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 | 3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 | 4. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 | 5. 其他句型中的虚拟语气 I. 单句语法填空 | II. 单句改错 | III. 翻译句子 | IV. 语法填空 | V. 短文 改错 06 针对训练 情态动词 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (1) 表示 能力 ，意为“能，会”。 can 表示现在， could 表示过去。 1 Most people can use WeChat to communicate with others. 大部分人会用微信和别人交流。 No one could work out the challenging question in the exam. 在这次考试中没人能解答出这个具有挑战性的问题。 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (1) 表示 能力 ，意为“能，会”。 can 表示现在， could 表示过去。 1 [ 名师指津 ] 　 can 表示能力时，有时可以与 be able to 换用。但是以下两种情况 只能用 be able to ❶ 在 将来时和完成时中必须用 be able to ； ❷ 表示经过努力而成功地做成某事时，只能用 be able to 。 I am sure we shall be able to get you a job soon.( 不能用 can) After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.( 不可以用 could) 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (2) 表示客观或理论上的可能性，意为“可能会”。 1 It can be very warm sometimes in this area. 这个地区有时可能非常暖和。 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (3) 表示请求或允许。在疑问句中 could 可以代替 can ，语气更委婉。 1 Can/Could I have a word with you? It won't take long. 我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (4)can 的几个常用句型 1 ❶can't/can never...too /enough 再 ······ 也 不过分 You can't praise him too much . 你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。 We can never pay too high a price for the College Entrance Examination. 为了高考，我们无论付出多高的代价也不为过。 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (4)can 的几个常用句型 1 ❷“ cannot wait to do ” 意思是 “ 急于做 ” ，表示强调的肯定意思。 I cannot wait to read the book 。 我非常渴望读这本书。 一、情态动词的基本用法 can/could 的用法 (4)can 的几个常用句型 1 ❸can't/couldn't help doing sth 情不自禁 地做某事。 He couldn't help laughing when he read the funny story. 读了这个有趣的故事，他情不自禁地笑了起来。 一、情态动词的基本用法 may/might 的用法 (1) 表示 请求和许可 。在疑问句中 might 可以代替 may ，语气更加委婉。 2 — May/Might I take this book out of the reading room? —No ， you mustn't. You read it in here. —— 我可以把书拿出阅览室吗？ —— 不，绝不可以，你在这儿读。 一、情态动词的基本用法 may/might 的用法 (2) 表示祝愿，常用结构为“ May ＋主语＋动词原形！ ” 2 May you be happy every day! 愿你快乐每一天！ 一、情态动词的基本用法 may/might 的用法 (3)may 的常用句型：“ may/might as well ＋动词原形 ”意为“不妨，最好，倒不如”。 2 If you think the price of beef is too high ， you might as well buy some pork. 如果你认为牛肉太贵的话，你不妨买些猪肉。 一、情态动词的基本用法 must 的用法 (1) 表示“ 必须 ”，语气强烈。 3 —Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? —I am afraid you must ， in case he comes late for the meeting. —— 我该马上通知他日程改了吗？ —— 我想你必须 ( 通知他 ) ，以免他开会迟到。 一、情态动词的基本用法 must 的用法 (1) 表示“ 必须 ”，语气强烈。 3 [ 名师指津 ] 　 have to “ 不得不 ” ，强调客观需求，表示因客观原因而不得不做某事； must 强调主观看法 ，表示主观上认为必须做某事。 试比较： I must learn another language.( 主观想法 ) I have to learn another language.( 客观需求 ) 一、情态动词的基本用法 must 的用法 (2) 意为“ 偏要，非 要 ······ 不 可 ”。 3 If you must smoke ， please go to the smoking section. 如果你非要抽烟，请到抽烟区。 一、情态动词的基本用法 must 的用法 ( 3) mustn't 表示 禁止 ，意为“不得，不允许；一定不要”。 3 You mustn't play with fire; it's too dangerous. 你绝对不能玩火，太危险了。 一、情态动词的基本用法 shall 的用法 (1) 用于 第一、三人称疑问句 中 ，表示说话人征求对方的意见。 4 —What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow ， sir? —I haven't decided on the time . But I will call you. —— 先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？ —— 我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。 一、情态动词的基本用法 shall 的用法 (2) 用于 第二、三人称陈述句 中，表示说话人的命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心等；或用于条约、规定、法令、法律等，意为“必须”。 4 You shall be punished for what you have done. 你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。 一、情态动词的基本用法 should/ought to 的 用法 (1)should 表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“ 应该 ”。 5 We should make every effort to protect the wild elephants . 我们 应该尽力保护好这些野生大象。 一、情态动词的基本用法 should/ought to 的 用法 (2)should 表示出乎意料的口气，意为“ 竟然，居然 ”。 5 Such a gentleman should do that. 这样一位绅士竟然会做那种事。 一、情态动词的基本用法 should/ought to 的 用法 (3)ought to 表示义务或责任，意为“ 应该 ”， 语气比 should 稍重 。 5 You ought not to be late for such an important meeting. 这么重要的会议你不应该迟到。 一、情态动词的基本用法 will/would 的 用法 (1) 与各种人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示 主语的意志、意愿或决心 。 will 指现在， would 指过去。 6 I will never talk to him again. 我再也不愿意和他说话了。 Days later ， my brother called to say he was all right ， but wouldn't say where he was. 几天后，我的哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但是他不愿说他在哪儿。 一、情态动词的基本用法 will/would 的 用法 (2) 表示 征求意见 或 提出请求 ，多用于第二人称疑问句中。 would 比 will 语气委婉。 6 Will/Would you close the window? 请把窗户关上好吗？ 一、情态动词的基本用法 will/would 的 用法 (3) 表示习惯性动作、固有属性或必然趋势，意为“ 总是；习惯于 ”。 will 指现在， would 指过去。 6 Fish will die without water . 没有 水，鱼会死的。 When we worked in the same firm several years ago ， we would often go to the cinema together. 几年前在同一家公司工作时，我们常常一起去看电影。 一、情态动词的基本用法 need/dare 的 用法 (1)need 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作 情态动词 时，表示“ 需要 ”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。 needn't 表示“ 不必 ”；对 need 引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时 用 must 而不用 need ，作否定回答时用 needn't 。 7 I needn't use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house. 我不必用闹钟来叫醒自己，因为每天早上六点都有火车从我家房前经过。 一、情态动词的基本用法 need/dare 的 用法 (2)dare 既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词；作 情态动词 时，表示“ 敢，胆敢 ”，后跟动词原形，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 7 I am so afraid that I dare not move. 我吓得一动也不敢动。 一、情态动词的基本用法 need/dare 的 用法 7 [ 名师指津 ] 　 need 还可以作 实义动词 ，此时有人称和数的变化，后面可跟名词、带 to 的不定式或动名词等作宾语，其否定形式、疑问形式都要通过助动词 do 构成。 Do I need to leave my telephone number and address? 我有必要把电话号码和地址留下吗？ You don't need to hand in your compositions today. 你们今天不必交作文。 二、情态动词的推测性用法 can/ could can 用于肯定句中表示客观的可能性，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测， can't 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。 could 是 can 的过去式。 二、情态动词的推测性用法 may/ might may 常用于肯定和否定句中；表示某件事情或许会发生，常译为“或许；可能”， might 是 may 的过去式，比 may 语气更弱。 二、情态动词的推测性用法 must must 表示推测时，只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气 ( 在疑问句中或否定句中要用 can/could) 。 二、情态动词的推测性用法 should/ ought to should/ought to 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。 He can't have left . His coat is here. 他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything . How can it be that he was late for the meeting ？ 布 什先生做什么事情都很准时，他怎么可能开会迟到呢？ Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet. 昨天一定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。 She promised to come by 10 o'clock. She should/ought to be here at any moment. 她答应 10 点之前来的。她随时都可能来到。 三、“情态动词＋ have done” 的用法 must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，其否定形式为： can't/cannot/couldn't have done 。 1 It must have rained last night, for the road was quite wet . 昨晚 肯定下雨了，因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr. Wang just now . He couldn't/can't have gone abroad . 刚刚 我还看见王先生了，他不可能出国了。 三、“情态动词＋ have done” 的用法 could have done 意为“本来可 以 ······ ， 本来能 够 ······” ，表示虚拟语气。 2 You could have made greater progress, but you didn't try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步，但是你没有努力。 三、“情态动词＋ have done” 的用法 may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断，意为“可能 / 或许已 经 ······” 。其否定形式为： may/might not have done 意为“可能没有 做 ······” 。 3 It's no use going to his house . He may not have gone home . He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家，可能已经去了别的地方。 三、“情态动词＋ have done” 的用法 should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事，却没有做，含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为 should not/ought not to have done 表示本不该做某事却做了。 4 With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night. 所有的工作都做完了，我昨晚本该去参加宴会的。 You ought not to have made fun of him . He is not the one you laugh at but learn from. 你本不应该取笑他的。他不是你要嘲笑的人而是你应该学习的榜样。 三、“情态动词＋ have done” 的用法 needn't have done 表示本没有必要做某事却做 了。 5 We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner. 既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。 虚拟语气 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 1 if 条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 动词过去式 (be 的过去式用 were) should/would/could/might ＋动词原形 表示过去情况 had ＋过去分词 should/would/could/might ＋ have ＋过去分词 表示将来情况 should ＋动词原形 should/would/could/might ＋动词原形 动词过去式 were to ＋动词原形 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 1 If I had enough money ， I would buy myself a computer first of all.( 与现在事实相反 ) 如果我有足够的钱，我首先要为自己买一台电脑。 If you had taken my advice ， you could have passed the exam.( 与过去事实相反 ) 如果你按照我的建议去做，你肯定考过了。 If I saw/should see/were to see him tomorrow ， I would invite him to my home.( 与将来事实相反 ) 如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 错综 时间 条件句 2 If I were you, I wouldn't have taken his stupid advice. 如果我是你的话，我才不会听他的馊主意。 If you had studied hard earlier, you would be studying at university now. 如果你早点努力学习，你现在就在上大学了。 当虚拟语气中从句的时间和主句的时间指的不是同一个时间时，这时会构成错综时间虚拟语气， 需要根据上下文来判断各自的语气 。 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 省略 if 的倒装 句 3 If I were at school again ， I would study harder. → Were I at school again ， I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力地学习。 If they had known what was coming next ， they might have had second thoughts. → Had they known what was coming next ， they might have had second thoughts. 要是他们知道下一步发生什么，他们会三思的。 If it should rain tomorrow ， we would not go climbing. → Should it rain tomorrow ， we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去登山了。 在虚拟条件状语从句中可省略 if ，把 were ， had ， should 提到句首，变为倒装句式。 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 含蓄条件句 4 Without your help, I couldn't have won the prize. 要是没有你的帮助，我不可能获得这个奖项。 (1) 有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的有 without ， but for ， under ， with 等介词。 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 含蓄条件句 4 Your father felt very tired yesterday ， or/otherwise he would have taken you to the zoo. 你父亲昨天很累，不然他会带你去动物园的。 She would have helped you ， but she was busy yesterday. 她本来能来帮助你的，但昨天她太忙了。 (2) 有时虚拟语气可以由 otherwise ， or ， but 来引导。 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在 建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟 语气 1 下列动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“ should ＋动词原形 ”， should 可以省略 。 一主张 ： insist 二命令 ： order ， command 三建议 ： suggest ， advise ， recommend 四要求 ： request ， require ， ask ， demand 外加一个敦促 ： urge The school recommends parents ( should ) not permit their children to swim in rivers. 学校建议父母别让他们的孩子在河里游泳。 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在 wish 后的宾语从句中的虚拟 语气 2 (1) 对 现在 情况的虚拟： wish ＋主语＋ 动词过去式 　 (be 用 were) (2) 对 过去 情况的虚拟： wish ＋主语＋ had ＋过去分词 (3) 对 将来 情况的虚拟： wish ＋主语＋ would/could/might ＋动词原形 I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky . 我 希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。 I wish you had come to my birthday party. 但愿你当时来参加我的生日晚会了。 We wish we would fly to the Mars one day. 但愿我们有一天能飞到火星上。 二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather 后的宾语从句中，表示愿望，意为“宁愿；但愿”。用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。 3 When my father is upset ， he would rather we left him alone. 当我的父亲烦恼的时候， 他更喜欢我们不打扰他。 I ' d rather you hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿你没有告诉我那件事。 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气 在 It is desired / suggested/ recommended/ proposed/ necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ essential/ a pity... ＋ that 从句中，从句的谓语动词用“ should ＋动词原形 ”， should 可以省略 。 It is proposed that a new nature preserve ( should ) be set up in this area. 人们建议在这个地区建立一个新的自然保护区。 四、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在 suggestion ， proposal ， order ， request ， advice 等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，其构成是“ should ＋动词原形 ”， should 可以省略 。 My advice is that we ( should ) take the price into account . 我 的建议是我们应该把价格因素考虑在内。 Your suggestion that the door ( should ) be shut when we leave is reasonable . 你 的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。 五、其他句型中的虚拟语气 在“ It is (about/high) time ＋ that 从句”中，谓语动词常用 过去式 或“ should ＋动词原形 ”表示虚拟语气， should 一般不省略。 1 It's high time that we devoted/should devote ourselves to environmental protection. 是我们致力于环境保护的时候了。 五、其他句型中的虚拟语气 as if ， as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气， 与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时 。 2 It seems as though it were spring already. 看起来好像已经是春天了。 ( 事实上不是 ) He talked as if he had been to Italy himself. 他谈论起来好像自己去过意大利似的。 ( 事实上并没去过 ) 五、其他句型中的虚拟语气 if only 引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气表示愿望。 2 Look at the trouble we're in . If only we had taken our teacher's advice ！ 看看 我们所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了！ Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 1 ． Samuel, the tallest boy in our class ， ____________________ easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017· 北京卷 ) 2 ． If the new safety system ____________________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. (2017· 北京卷 ) 3 ． ____________________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017· 江苏卷 ) 4 ． Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time ， for a man of his age ____________________ be very forgetful. 5 ． What do you mean ， there are only ten tickets ？ There ____________________ be twelve. can had been put Were can should Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 6 ． It's high time that he ____________________ (do) something instead of just talking. 7 ． We haven't seen my aunt for many years . We couldn't wait ____________________ (see)her. 8 ． If you had told me in advance ， I ____________________ (meet) him at the airport. 9 ． My father suggests that I ____________________ (take) enough sleep before the final examination. 10 ． He is so happy . He ____________________ (win)the match. did/should do to see would have met ( should) take must have won Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 11 ． When she was a little girl ， she ____________________ sit by the window every evening ， deep in thought. 12 ． According to the factory safety rules ， all accidents ____________________ be reported to the safety officer. 13 ． She ____________________ (steal)the dictionary ， but I'm not sure. 14 ． Look! There are so many mistakes in your composition . You ____________________ (fix)full attention on it. 15 ． We ____________________ (call )a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home. would shall may/might have stolen should have fixed would have called Ⅰ . 单句语法填空 16 ． If it ____________________ ( be) Sunday tomorrow ， I should go to see my grandmother. 17 ． We lost our way in that small village ， otherwise we ____________________ (visit) more places of interest yesterday. 18 ． He stood up and offered her his seat ， as if he ____________________ (read)her mind. 19 ． If we ____________________ (book)a table earlier ， we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. 20 ． It is suggested that the meeting ____________________ (put)off till next week. were would have visited had read had booked ( should) be put Ⅱ . 单句 改错 1 ． We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) 2 ． Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.(2016· 全国卷 Ⅱ) 3 ． Teachers recommend their students must study in the holiday . 4 ． Sorry ， I am too busy now . If I have time ， I would certainly go for an outing with you . 5 ． Meanwhile ， I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last . choose should 或去掉 can should 或去掉 must had could/might Ⅱ . 单句 改错 6 ． The order came that the medical supplies should sent to the earthquake -stricken area soon . 7 ． On Sundays when I was a child ， father and I will get up early and go fishing . 8 ． If you listened to the doctor ， you would be all right now . 9 ． But for the rain ， we should have a pleasant journey yesterday . 10 ． My suggestion is that we will hold a meeting this evening . would be had had should 或去掉 will Ⅲ . 翻译 句子 1 ．你开车时越细心越好 。 2 ． 他已经长大了，因此，我们不必担心他。 3 ． 我不会游泳，但是我相信通过多练习我就能游泳了。 4 ．门口不可能是邮递员，才六点钟。 You cannot be too careful while driving your car . He has grown up ， so we don't need to worry about him . I can't swim ， but I am sure I will be able to swim through more exercise . It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock . Ⅲ . 翻译 句子 5 ．你本来能做得更好些，但你当时太粗心了。 6 ． 没有你的帮助，我无论如何也不会成功。 7 ． 我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。 8 ．同一件事不必对你说两遍。 You could have done better ， but you were too careless . Without your help ， I wouldn't have succeeded anyway. /If you hadn't helped me ， I wouldn't have succeeded anyway . We all agreed to his suggestion that we ( should ) go to Dalian for sightseeing . You needn't be told twice about one single thing . Ⅳ . 语法 填空 It was always thought that Treasure Island was the product of Robert Louis Stevenson's imagination . However ， that's just not the case. 1 ． ________ (live) abroad for many years ， Robert returned to Scotland in 1881 . With him 2.________ (be) his American wife Fanny and his son Lloyd. They had been enjoying Scotland for several days before the weather suddenly 3.________ (take) a turn for the worse . Kept indoors by the heavy rain ， Lloyd felt the days dull . To make the boy happy ， Robert advised the boy 4.________ (do) some drawing. Having lived were took (should) do Ⅳ . 语法 填空 One morning ， the boy came to Robert with a beautiful map of an island ， in the middle of 5.________ Robert noticed a large cross . “ That's where the buried treasure is ， ”said the boy . Robert 6.________ (sudden) saw something of an adventure story in the boy's picture . So he began writing the story . He 7.________ make the hero a twelveyear-old boy ， just like Lloyd . And he based the pirate ( 海盗 ) 8.________ his good friend Henley ， who walked around with the help of a wooden leg. So ， thanks to a(n) 9.________ (rain) September in Scotland ， a friend with a wooden leg ， and the imagination of a twelve-year-old boy ， we have one of the 10.________ (great) adventure stories in the English language. which suddenly would on/upon rainy greatest Ⅴ . 短文 改错 I had always gotten along well with my parents . Unlucky ， we started to argue about what majors I should choose at university one year ago . Our arguments are getting even bad now because the time to complete the application forms and apply to universities are drawing near . I want to study computer software programming ， so my parents suggest that I must become a doctor . All my parents are doctors ， and they see it as carry on a family tradition . I had never wanted to be doctor and I hate every minute of it . How can I handle this situation? Unluckily a major worse is but 或 while should 或去掉 must Both carrying have