2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（29页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（29页word版）

‎ 2019届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit 1Women of achievement单元学案 ‎【一】单元基础词汇语法搜索 Ⅰ.重点单词聚焦 ‎1．No matter which country you travel to，you should________(遵守) the law of the land.‎ 答案：　observe ‎2．Having a large family to________(支撑，养活)，he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time.‎ 答案：　support ‎3．He is such a great man that all of us show our________(尊敬) for him.‎ 答案：　respect ‎4．The little boy’s bad________(行为，举止) at the party made his parents upset.‎ 答案：　behaviour ‎5．Her research shows the________(关系) between human beings and chimps.‎ 答案：　connections ‎6．Paul Robertson’s________(成就) as both an actor and a concert performer gained his international recognition in the early 1940’s.‎ 答案：　achievements ‎7．Everything taken into________(考虑)，he has done a good job this time.‎ 答案：　consideration ‎8．If you want to help the poor，you can join the________(组织)，which usually has some such activities.‎ 答案：　organization ‎9．________(激励) by the teacher’s words，he is determined to study harder than before.‎ 答案：　Inspired ‎10．He thinks it ________(值得的) to devote all his life to teaching since he has won great respect from his students.‎ 答案：　worthwhile Ⅱ.重点短语扫描 ‎1．have sth.in with sb.　　　与某人有共同之处 ‎2． one’s life to sth.　　　为……奉献某人的生命 ‎3．move 　　　离开；启程 ‎4．be to do/doing sth.　　　值得做某事 ‎5．lead a happy 　　　过着幸福的生活 ‎6．crowd 　　　涌上心头 ‎7．give 　　　放弃 ‎8．carry 　　　继续；坚持 common devote off worthwhile life in up on ‎9．by 　　　偶然 ‎10． across　　　偶遇；碰见 ‎11．refer 　　　查阅；提及 ‎12．be intended 　　　打算……‎ ‎13．can not wait do sth.　　　迫不及待地做某事 ‎14．look down 　　　蔑视；瞧不起 chance come to for to upon Ⅲ.课文原句突破 ‎1．她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ ‎________ after her mother came to help her for the first few months ‎ ________ ________ allowed to begin her project.‎ 答案：　Only；was she ‎2．我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。‎ ‎________I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ 答案：　Once ‎3．进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。‎ Further reading made me realize that________ ________ hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature________ got her into medical school.‎ 答案：　 it was；that ‎4．为什么不像林巧稚一样在医学院学习并继续她的美好事业呢？‎ ‎________ ________ ________ at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?‎ 答案：　Why not study worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得的；有价值的 教材原句P2：However，the evening makes it all worthwhile.‎ 但这个傍晚让我们觉得这一切都是值得的。‎ ‎①Hangzhou is a beautiful place；it is worthwhile going/to go ‎ there.杭州是个美丽的地方，值得一去。‎ ‎②We decided to give the money to a worthwhile cause (＝one that helps people)．‎ 我们决定将钱用于对人民有益的事业上。‎ ‎③In my opinion，the book is well worth reading/worthy of being read/worthy to be read.依我看来，这本书很值得读。‎ ‎④I’m afraid the ring is worth quite a lot of money now.‎ 恐怕这枚戒指现在值很多钱。‎ ‎1.(2010·湖北卷)Mistakes don’t just happen；they occur for a reason.Find out the reason，and then making the mistake becomes________.‎ A．favourable　　　　　　　　　 B．precious C．essential　　　 D．worthwhile 解析：　句意为：错误不单单是偶然发生的，它们的发生是有原因的，找出原因，那么犯的错误也就有意义了。A项“有利的”；B项“宝贵的”；C项“必要的，重要的”；D项“值得的”。故选D项。‎ 答案：　D behave vt.& vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现 教材原句P2：Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.简研究这些黑猩猩家族已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解它们的行为跟人类的是多么的相似。‎ ‎(1)behave oneself举止规矩些 behave well/badly举止良好/糟糕 Do behave！规矩些！‎ ‎(2)wellbehaved表现好的 badlybehaved表现差的 ‎(3)behaviour [U] 举止，行为 ‎①I want you to behave yourself while I am away.‎ 我不在家时你要守规矩些。‎ ‎②I am sorry about what I did last night—I behaved like a child.‎ 对不起，我昨天晚上表现得太幼稚。‎ ‎③Some children could be noisy and badly behaved.‎ 有些孩子会吵闹而且表现差。‎ ‎④Much to my surprise，he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general，I was quite pleased with his behaviour.‎ 使我非常吃惊的是，他表现得好像什么也没发生，总之，我对他的行为非常满意。‎ ‎2.Tom，________yourself.Have you already forgotten the rules I told you?‎ A．behave　　　 B．respect C．consider　　　 D．entertain 解析：　句意为：Tom，规矩点，你忘了我告诉你的那些规矩了吗？behave oneself意为“规矩点”。‎ 答案：　A observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝 教材原句P2：She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。‎ observe sth.观察某物 observe sb.do sth.观察某人做某事(全过程)‎ observe sb.doing sth.观察某人正在做某事 observe that...观察……‎ ‎①The woman was observed to follow him closely.‎ 有人看到那个女子紧跟着他。‎ ‎②When I was a child，I would observe the night sky.‎ 当我小时，我常常观察夜空。‎ ‎③The police observed that the driver did not observe the traffic rules.警察注意到那位司机没有遵守交通规则。‎ ‎④The police observed the man entering the bank.‎ 警方监视到那个人正走进银行。‎ ‎3.(湖北高考)Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still________the traditional customs.‎ A．perform　　　 B．possess C．observe　　　 D．support 解析：　句意为：许多中国人尽管在国外居住了许多年，仍奉行传统的习俗。perform执行，表演；possess拥有；observe遵守，奉行 (习俗等)；support支持。由句意可知C项正确。‎ 答案：　C argue vi.& vt.讨论，争论，争辩，说服，用辩论证明 教材原句P2：She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.‎ 她主张应该让野生动物留在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。‎ ‎①He argued against smoking，and insisted that it was beyond argument that smoking was harmful to health.‎ 他反对吸烟并且坚持认为吸烟有害于健康是无可争辩的。‎ ‎②It’s no use arguing about the question with him for he won’t change his opinion.关于这个问题和他争论是没有用的，他不会改变自己的观点的。‎ ‎③The speaker argued that more foreigners should be admitted to the country.演讲者主张应该允许更多的外国人入境。‎ ‎④We argued her into attending the party.‎ 我们说服她参加了宴会。‎ ‎4.—What happened over there?‎ ‎—They argued________the waiter________the price of the meal.‎ A．to；for　　　 B．against；over C．for；at　　　 D．with；about 解析：　argue with sb.for sth.因某事与某人争论。 ‎ 答案：　D ‎5．They argued________the matter the whole afternoon，and at last ‎ agreed________the date for the next meeting.‎ A．with；with　　　B．on；on C．about；on　　　D．over；over 解析：　本题考查点之一是短语argue about就……争论，其二是agree on(双方)就……达成共识。‎ 答案：　C intend vt.计划；打算 教材原句P6：I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.‎ 我仔细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。‎ ‎①My girlfriend and I intend to get married next year.‎ 女朋友和我打算明年结婚。‎ ‎②I intend Tom to go to the concert with me.‎ 我打算让汤姆跟我一块去听音乐会。‎ ‎③I intend that John should go and help them with their work.‎ 我的意思是要约翰去帮助他们工作。‎ ‎④The programme intended for children turned out to be welcome by people of different ages.‎ 为孩子准备的节目结果被证明各个年龄段的人都欢迎。‎ ‎6.完成句子 如果我伤害了你，我向你道歉；但说实话，我没想伤害任何人。‎ I will make an apology to you if I hurt you.To be honest，I __________________anyone.‎ 答案：　didn’t intend to hurt deliver v．投递；发表，宣布；接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)‎ 教材原句P6：There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi，tired after a day’s work，went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.数不胜数的故事讲述着林巧稚如何在劳累一天之后，又在深夜去为贫困家庭的产妇接生，而这些家庭是不可能给她报酬的。‎ deliver sth.(to sb.)投递/传送某物(给某人)‎ deliver a speech发表演说 be delivered of a baby＝give birth to a baby生孩子 deliver sb./sth.over to sb.把……移交给某人 ‎①Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.‎ 我们办公室的邮件每天投递两次。 ‎ ‎②She was delivered of a healthy baby girl in the hospital last night.昨夜她在医院里产下一健康女婴。‎ ‎③President Hu Jintao delivered an important speech on National Day.胡锦涛总书记在国庆节上发表了重要讲话。‎ ‎7.The shop owner will get all these goods ordered________to the customers today.‎ A．to deliver　　　B．delivering C．delivered　　　D．deliver 解析：　goods与deliver是被动关系，用过去分词作补语，get sth.done使某事完成/被做。ordered为后置定语，修饰goods。‎ 答案：　C look down on/upon蔑视；轻视；瞧不起 教材原句P4：Many people look down upon poor people.‎ 许多人瞧不起穷人。‎ ‎①We shouldn’t look down upon the disabled，on the contrary，we should help them.‎ 我们不应该瞧不起残疾人，相反我们应该帮助他们。‎ look forward to盼望；期待 look into调查；观察；窥视 look on/upon...as...把……看作……‎ look out (for...)注意；留意；留神 look through浏览；仔细查看 look up to尊敬；仰视 ‎②I’m looking forward to visiting the art gallery next week.‎ 我盼望着下周去艺术馆参观。‎ ‎③I looked through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important.我翻阅今天的报纸，但没有发现重要消息。‎ ‎④Look out for cars while crossing the road.‎ 过马路时当心车辆。‎ ‎⑤I look up to him because he’s a real artist.‎ 我尊敬他，因为他是个真正的艺术家。‎ ‎8.(2010·安徽卷)No matter how low you consider yourself，there is always someone________you wishing they were that high.‎ A．getting rid of　　　B．getting along with C．looking up to　　　D．looking down upon 解析：　句意为：无论你把自己看得多么的低微，总是有人仰慕你并希望(像你)那么高大。本题考查动词词组辨析。 look up to仰视、尊敬；get rid of除掉；get along with相处、进展；look down upon轻视、看不起。‎ 答案：　C refer to提到，说到；参考，参阅 教材原句P5：If the word group refers to different members，use a plural verb.如果group指不同的成员，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎①Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know how to pronounce the word.‎ 如果你不知道这个单词如何发音，请查词典。‎ ‎②I promised not to refer to the matter again.‎ 我答应再也不提及此事了。‎ ‎③While giving the English speech，no one is allowed to refer to the notes.英语演讲时，不允许任何人看稿子。‎ ‎9.完成句子 主席在大会上发言近一个小时，没有参考演讲稿。‎ The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour ______________________________.‎ 答案：　without referring to his notes Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.‎ 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ ‎(1)only在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。‎ ‎ (2)only在句首修饰状语从句时，主句要用倒装语序，从句 不用倒装语序。‎ ‎ (3)only在句首修饰句子的主语时，不用倒装语序。‎ ‎①Only in this way can we improve our English.‎ 只有以这种方法，我们才能提高英语水平。‎ ‎②Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.只有当你问了许多问题的情况下，你才能够得到你所需要的所有信息。‎ ‎③Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved him.只有当我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我是多么的爱他们。‎ ‎④Only he can answer the question.‎ 只有他能回答这个问题。‎ 含有否定意义的副词或连词，如never，not，not only，little，seldom，hardly，not until，neither，nor，no ‎ sooner等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，即把助动词、情态动词或连系动词置于主语之前。需要注意的是，在no sooner...than...和hardly...when...引导的句子中，倒装部分常用过去完成时。‎ ‎①Not only did he read the book，but also he remembered what he had read.他不仅看了这本书，而且他还记住他所读的内容了。‎ ‎②Hardly had the bell rung when the students rushed out of the classroom.铃一响学生们就冲出了教室。‎ ‎③Never will I forget the days when we stayed together in the countryside.我永远也不会忘记我们在农村一起呆过的日子。‎ ‎10.(江苏高考)________you eat the correct foods________be able to keep fit and stay healthy.‎ A．Only if；will you　　　B．Only if；you will C．Unless；will you　　　D．Unless；you will 解析：　句意为：只有正确饮食，你才能保持身材和健康。从句意可知，unless不符合题意，若选D的话，应当在you will后加上not。only if表条件，意为“只有”。当only if置于句首时，主句要部分倒装，故选A。‎ 答案：　A ‎11．(2010·成都第一次诊断)Wang Lin failed to be admitted by Hong Kong University last year，and only then________the importance of English.‎ A．he finally realized　　　 B．he had realized C．had he realized　　　 D．did he realize 解析：　考查倒装句。only＋状语置于句首时，采用部分倒装。句意为：王林没被香港大学录取，到那时他才意识到英语的重要性。由语意可知应用一般过去时，故D项正确。‎ 答案：　D She is leading a busy life but she says：“Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.It’s terrible.It affects me when I watch the wild chimps...”‎ 她的生活是忙忙碌碌的，然而，正如她所说的：“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。”‎ once此处用做连词。意为“一旦……就”，用于连接时间状语从句，类似于as soon as。‎ ‎①You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence.在面试时你一旦有了自信心，一定会成功。‎ ‎②Once I’ve found somewhere to live，I’ll send you my new address.一找到住的地方我就会把我的新住址告诉你。‎ ‎③Remember that you won’t be able to change the contract once you’ve signed.请记住一旦你签了合同就不能更改了。‎ ‎12.完成句子 ‎(1)一旦你养成了坏习惯，你发现很难去掉。‎ ‎____________________________，you will find it hard to get rid of it.‎ ‎(2)一旦你许下诺言，你应该遵守。‎ ‎____________________________，you should keep it.‎ 答案：　(1)Once you get into a bad habit　(2)Once you have made your promise Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1．It’s suggested that we should do the reading comprehension within the time limit without________________the dictionary.‎ 答案：　referring to ‎2．It was in the restaurant where he worked that he________________the girl he fell in love with at first sight.‎ 答案：　came across carry on；refer to；crowd in；come across；look down upon；be intended for ‎3．The book which____________________children was popular with children of different ages.‎ 答案：　was intended for ‎4．Whatever difficulty we meet with，we will________________with the project.‎ 答案：　carry on ‎5．At that time，teachers were not respected.Instead，they ‎ were________________.‎ 答案：　looked down upon ‎6．When he finally sat in the sofa after a whole day’s search for his lost child，everything about his child________________.‎ 答案：　crowded in Ⅱ.巧思妙解 ‎1．—This book by Tony Garrison is of great use for our course.‎ ‎—But I think this latest one is________worth reading.‎ A．better　　　　　　　　　　 B．more C．most　　　 D．very 解析：　表示“很值得”时，worth前面要加修饰语well，其比较级是better。‎ 答案：　A ‎2．Is it________sparing some time for your hobby while your classmates are concentrating on their lessons?‎ A．worth　　　 B．worthy C．worthwhile　　　 D．valuable 解析：　考查形容词辨析。句意为“你花时间在业余爱好上值得吗？你的同学都集中精力学习功课”。worth和worthy一般都用来表示主语值得……，而worthwhile则表示做某事是值得的。‎ 答案：　C ‎3．Now that you’re grown up，you’d better spend your time just on the ‎ things you find________.‎ A．worth doing them　　　 B．worth being done C．worthy of doing them　　 D．worthy of being done 解析：　句意为：尽量把时间用在你觉得值得做的事情上。worthy作宾补，后接of being done形式，表示与宾语things是被动关系。‎ 答案：　D ‎4．Though the radio seems a bit too expensive，it is well______.‎ A．worth to buy　　　B．worthy of buying C．worth buying　　　D．worth being bought 解析：　也可以说：It is worthy of being bought或it is worthy to be bought。又如“电影值得一看”可译为： (1)The film is worth seeing.(2)The film is worthy of being seen. (3)The film is worthy to be seen.‎ 答案：　C Ⅲ.语法专练 本单元语法——主谓一致 ‎1．(2011·成都第一次诊断)The city government is planning to build a factory to deal with the industry waste，but when and where to build it________.‎ A．haven’t been decided　　　 B．aren’t decided C．hadn’t been decided　　　 D．hasn’t been decided 解析：　考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意为：市政府正计划修建工厂处理工业废物，但是何时何地修建还没有确定。语意表明谓语用现在完成时的被动语态。疑问词作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ 答案：　D ‎2．Nowadays many a student________the importance of learning a foreign language.‎ A．have realized　　　 B．has realized C．have been realized　　　 D．has been realized 解析：　many a用来修饰单数名词，故谓语动词应该用单数形式。‎ 答案：　B ‎3．The League secretary and monitor________asked to make a speech at the meeting last week.‎ A．is　　　 B．was C．are　　　 D．were 解析：　先从时态上考虑，这是过去发生的事情，应用过去时，先排除A、C；monitor前没有定冠词the，在英语中，当一个身兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词，所以应选B。‎ 答案：　B ‎4．(2011·龙岩毕业班质检)—Hi，what did our monitor say just now?‎ ‎—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.‎ A．is　　　 B．were C．are　　　 D．was 解析：　考查主谓一致。every...and ‎ every...结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由此可以排除B、C两项；根据前面的are to visit Water Cube的时态可知，A项正确。‎ 答案：　A ‎5．(2011·苏锡常镇四市教学调查)________of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world.‎ A．Fourfifth；believes　　　B．Fourfifth；believe C．Fourfifths；believe　　　D．Fourfifths；believes 解析：　考查分数表达和主谓一致。4/5→fourfifths。题干主语是(网络上)4/5的人，是复数，故这里谓语动词用believe。‎ 答案：　C 单元知识高考题型链接 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测一)‎ ‎ Uber is available in over 70 cities throughout 40 countries worldwide.You can either choose a typical Uber unmarked car or a regular taxi.The app can show you where drivers are，so you know how long you'll be waiting. You can also get fare quotes(才民价)in advance.Your payment source is linked to the app and is automatically charged，so no physical money is ever needed.‎ ‎ Lyft ‎ Lyft is a service that is also available in many large cities in the US.However，it offers something different，one of which is Lyft Line.With this service，you can find people that take the same route on a daily basis as you and split the fare with them.Lyft's regular service lets you easily see where rides are，catch one，and easily pay right within the app.‎ Easy Taxi ‎ Easy Taxi is available in 86 cities across 26 countries and lets you quickly browse through maps and find locations you'd like to be picked ‎ up at.From there，just make sure there are taxis in your area.Confirm your ride and then pay for it within the Easy Taxi app.Once you book a ride，you should see the taxi's plate number and phone number appear on the map，making it easy for you to pick out both the car and the driver.‎ Curb ‎ Curb，formerly Taxi Magic，is currently available in around 60 cities across the United States as well as select cities in the United Kingdom，Canada，and Mexico.It ties in with taxi companies and their drivers.As your taxi makes its way to your location，you'll be able to track its progress inside the app.You can link a payment account to Curb to pay your fare through the app.You can also pay in cash.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了四种不同的打车软件。‎ ‎1．Which app is available in the most countries?‎ ‎ A．Uber.　　　　　　　B．Lyft.‎ C．Easy Taxi. D．Curb.‎ 解析：A　细节理解题。通读全文可知，文章每一段的第一句都介绍了不同软件的使用范围，Uber可以在40个国家使用，Lyft可以在美国的很多大城市使用，Easy Taxi可以在26个国家使用，Curh可以在美国、英国、墨西哥、加拿大使用。据此可知，可使用Ubcr软件的国家最多，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What's the special service of Lyft?‎ ‎ A．You can pay the fare in cash.‎ ‎ B．You can see where your ride is.‎ C．You can get fare quotes in advance.‎ ‎ D．You can find someone to share the fare.‎ 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“With this service，you can find people that take the same route on a daily basis as you and split the fare with them”可知，使用Lyft软件的特别之处是你可以找到与你同路的人分担路费，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What do the four apps have in common?‎ ‎ A．They are available worldwide.‎ ‎ B．They are tied to taxi companies.‎ ‎ C．They allow users to pay via app.‎ ‎ D．They can identify your location.‎ 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，可以使用Uher软件支付；根据第二段最后一句可知，可以使用Lyft软件支付；根据第三段第三句可知，可以使用Easy Taxi软件支付；根据第四段最后两句可知，可以使用Curb软件支付，也可以用现金支付。据此可以判断，四个软件的相同之处是都可以用软件支付费用。‎ 干扰项分析：根据每一段的第一句可知，每个软件都有它的使用范围，并非全世界适用，故A项错误；B项文中只有第四段提及了，并不是所有软件，故B项错误；D项文中没有提及。‎ B ‎(2018·陕西高三教学质量检测试题一)‎ Many people have bought insurance，either life or property (财产)，commercial or compulsory. Yet some people know little about it and some even misunderstand its nature and function.‎ ‎ Insurance is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone is exposed to a risk of some sort.The house owner，for example，knows that his property can be damaged by fire；the shipowner knows that his ships may be lost at sea；the breadwinner knows that he may die at an early age and leave his family poorer.On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea.If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses.In other words，the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many.This is the basis of insurance.Those who pay the contribution are known as the insured and those who manage the_pool_of_contributions as insurers.‎ The legal basis of all insurance is the policy.This is a printed form of contract on a piece of paper in best quality.It states that every year the insured shall pay an amount of money，which is called the premium：in return，the insurer will pay an amount of money or compensation for losses if the risk or event insured against actually happens.‎ ‎ The premium for insurance naturally depends upon how likely the risk is to happen，as suggested by past experience.If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business.On the other hand，if they make the premium too low，they will lose money and may even have to drop out of business. So the ordinary forces of supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurer and the insured.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍。‎ ‎4．The underlined phrase in Para.2 most probably means ________.‎ A．money paid by the insurers B．each premium C．money paid by all those insured D．the cost of administering insurance 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第二段的“If these persons each put a small amount of money into a pool，there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses”可推知，the pool of ‎ contributions表示投保人所投的钱。‎ 干扰项分析：A项错在paid，根据第二段的“who manage the pool of contributions as insurers”可知．这部分钱是由承保人来经营管理的；B项错在每一笔保险费，与语境pool不符；D项表示管理保险的成本，文章中并没有提到，故排除。‎ ‎5．Insurance premiums do not become too high because ________.‎ A．not many people insure themselves B．premiums depend on the risk of losses C．insurers have to be more competitive D．insurance companies can never lose money 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“If companies fix their premiums too high，there will be more competition in their area of insurance and they may lose business”可知，保险公司也有竞争，因此保险费不能定得太高，否则就没有竞争力，也就意味着可能会失去业务，故选C。‎ ‎6．According to the passage，insurance business gains profit because ________.‎ A．more and more people buy insurance B．the firms have sound management C．the premium is increased year by year D．only a few of those insured suffer losses 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段的“On the other hand，not every house is damaged by fire nor every ship is lost at sea”“enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer losses”和“the losses of the few”可推知，保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险。‎ 干扰项分析：A项表示越来越多的人买保险，文章只提到许多人买保险，并没有提到投保人增加的趋势；B项表示公司的经营很好，文章中并没有提到；C项错在保险费逐年增加，文章中并没有提到，故排除。‎ ‎7．The purpose of the passage is to ________.‎ A．explain an insurance policy B．introduce insurance business C．persuade people to be insured D．warn people of possible losses 解析：B　写作意图题。文章第一段点题，再结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要介绍的是保险业务，故选B。‎ 干扰项分析：‎ A项错在介绍保单，只在第三段提及；C项错在劝说人们购买保险，本文作者对保险进行了客观的介绍，并没有劝说之意；D项只是本文中所提到的一点，并不是本文的写作目的，故排除。‎ C ‎(2018·湖北七市(州)教科研协作体联合考试)‎ For many people who live in cities，parks are an important part of the landscape.They provide a place for people to relax and play sports，as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city.What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.‎ ‎ One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen，which humans need to breathe.According to one study，an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving.Parks also make cities cooler.Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect：building materials such as metal and concrete(混凝土)absorb much more of the sun's heat and release(释放)it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass.Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials，cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.‎ ‎ Unfortunately，many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings，roads，parking lots，and other essential parts of the urban environment.However，cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space：rooftop gardens.While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof，human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years.Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment(投资)of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.‎ ‎ Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces，but without taking up the muchneeded land.In the summer，rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun，which can significantly reduce cooling bills.In the winter，gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly，leading to savings on heating bills.Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers，making their diets healthier.Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy，they are also a smart environmental investment.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了在拥挤的城市里建立屋顶花园的好处。‎ ‎8．The underlined word “emits”in the second paragraph probably ‎ means “ ________”．‎ A．carries away 　　　　　B．takes up C．gives out D．breathes in 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据上文中的“an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide”可知，一英亩的树吸收的二氧化碳的量和一辆普通的汽车行驶11 000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit与give out的意思相同，表示“释放”。‎ ‎9．Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect?‎ A．More building materials.‎ B．More trees and grass.‎ C．More parking lots.‎ D．More rooftop gardens.‎ 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect：building materials such as metal and concrete(混凝土)absorb much more of the sun's heat...usually warmer than surrounding rural areas”可知，诸如金属和混凝土之类的建筑材料是城市热岛效应的始作俑者，故选A。‎ ‎10．When it comes to rooftop gardens，what can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．They make people much happier.‎ B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.‎ C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.‎ D．They have become very popular in recent years.‎ 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“reduce cooling bills”“leading to savings on heating bills”和“making their diets healthier”以及最后一段的整体内容可推知，屋顶花园能够降低取暖或降温的费用支出。同时，它还可以为蔬菜种植提供场地，为人们提供新鲜的蔬菜，从而使人们的饮食更健康，故选C。‎ 干扰项分析：A项和D项文章中没有提到；根据最后一段 的第一句“Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces，but without taking up the muchneeded land”可知，B项是错误的，故排除。‎ ‎11．What's the author's attitude towards rooftop gardens?‎ A．Sceptical.　　　　　　　B．Supportive.‎ C．Critical. D．Objective.‎ 解析：B　考查观点态度。根据最后一段的第一句“Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces,‎ ‎ but without taking up the muchneeded land”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，作者是提倡创建屋顶花园的，故选B。sceptical“怀疑的”；critical“批判性的，批评的”；objective“客观的”。‎ D ‎(2018·山东部分重点中学联考)‎ ‎ They are one of the best rugby teams in the world.The players of the All Blacks，New Zealand's national rugby team，are strong，smart and fast.But，in fact，they win many of their games before the first whistle even blows.‎ ‎ Before the game，during warmups，the All Blacks players gather in a semicircle.They stand with their captain in front of them and begin to dance.They hit their arms against their legs.They lift their feet into the air and slam them into the ground.They stick out their tongues and show the whites of their eyes. They shout ancient words and even scream. You may think they're crazy.And that is just what they want you to think.‎ ‎ The rugby players perform the haka，which is a traditional Maori(毛利人)dance. The Maoris are the native people of New Zealand and this dance has been used as a war dance since the 19th century.‎ Warriors originally performed the war dance before battles to show off their strength in order to intimidate the enemy.Rugby is` a violent game that many fans have compared to war.What better way is there to get excited before the game than doing a war dance?‎ ‎ The 19th century French theorist Ernest Renan，one of the first real theorists who looked into the idea of nationalism，described the “nation”as “largescale togetherness，made up of the feeling of sacrifices that one has made in the past and of those that one is prepared to make in the future”．‎ ‎ And New Zealand's haka is one of the world's most perfect acts of nationalism.“The haka，in its intensity，reflects it all：first，the solidarity(团结)of warriors—both of Maoris and nonMaoris backgroundsfighting for a common future.And then a recognition of the almost sacred past，”The Washington Post noted.‎ ‎ Today in New Zealand，the haka is still performed at many different gatherings and celebrations，a connection to Maori ancestors that has continued despite colonization.‎ ‎【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了新西兰的haka，一种能够展示力量并团结新西兰人的传统舞蹈。‎ ‎ 【段意梳理】‎ ‎ 第一段：简单介绍了新西兰的国家橄榄球队All Blacks。‎ ‎ 第二段：对All Blacks的队员们赛前跳舞的介绍。‎ ‎ 第三段：haka舞的渊源。‎ ‎ 第四段：队员们跳这种舞蹈的原因分析。‎ ‎ 第五段：理论家对国家主义的解释。‎ ‎ 第六段：《华盛顿邮报》对haka舞所展示的新西兰精神的总结和评价。‎ ‎ 第七段：haka舞在新西兰的传承和现状。‎ ‎12．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A．Maori people，native New Zealanders.‎ B．The popularity of rugby in New Zealand.‎ ‎ C．A traditional dance goes on today in New Zealand.‎ ‎ D．The magic of warmups before rugby matches in New Zealand.‎ 解析：C　主旨大意题。根据文章关键词haka可知，本文主要介绍了新西兰的传统舞蹈haka。‎ 干扰项分析：A项表示土生土长的新西兰人：毛利人，文中提到haka是毛利人的传统之舞，主要介绍舞蹈；B项表示橄榄球在新西兰的盛行，这只是本文的导入；D项表示橄榄球赛前热身的魅力所在．并不是文章的主旨。‎ ‎13．The underlined word “intimidate” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．threaten B．dissatisfy ‎ C．amaze D．revenge 解析：A　词义猜测题。结合“show off their strength”和“enemy”可推知， intimidate意为“恐吓，威胁”。故选A。‎ 干扰项分析：B项dissatisfy“不满意”，与enemy不相称；C项amaze“使惊诧”，与enemy不相称；D项revenge“报复”，一种舞蹈并不能起到这样的作用。‎ ‎14．Why do the All Blacks players perform the haka before a rugby match starts?‎ ‎ A．Because they are crazy.‎ ‎ B．Because they want to please their fans.‎ ‎ C．Because it can let them be in high spirits.‎ D．Because it is a tradition passed from their ancestors.‎ 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“What better way is there to get excited before the game than doing a war dance”可推知，新西兰橄榄球队热身时跳haka是为了鼓舞士气。‎ 干扰项分析：A项只是表面现象，不是目的所在；B项文章中没有提及；D项错在尽管这种舞是一种传统，但球员跳的真正目的是为比赛鼓舞士气。‎ ‎15．What can we learn about the haka from the passage?‎ ‎ A．The haka is only performed before rugby matches in New Zealand.‎ B．The haka is a good way to show nationalism in New Zealand.‎ C．The haka is a symbol of fighting in the past and future.‎ D．The haka has helped the New Zealand's national rugby team win at all times.‎ 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第六段的“And New Zealand's haka is one of the world's most perfect acts of nationalism... fighting for a common future”可推知，haka这种舞充分展现了新西兰的民族精神。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2018·贵州贵阳普通高中高三监测)‎ As you know, it is a quite different experience being around positive people versus negative ones. If you are determined to be more positive yourself, here are some ways you can do so：‎ ‎1．Failure is part of learning. __1__. They understand that failure is an event, and doesn't define who they are. Negative people are emotionally disabled by failure because they allow it to define who they are. __2__.‎ ‎2．__3__. Because they are team players, positive people will get behind and support ideas that are not theirs — even if they might disagree with them. Negative people have a hard time fully supporting ideas that they feel won't be successful. When an idea that wasn't theirs doesn't succeed, they are sure to give their teammates the “Itoldyouso” expression.‎ ‎3．You're so good! __4__. They pay close attention to others when others do well, and they are quick to tell them. Negative people say, “Why would I praise people for things they are supposed to do？” Most importantly, it's not about the praise. __5__. The simple praise can strengthen relationships and motivate the person to do even better. Positive people don't underestimate (低估) the power of encouraging words.‎ A．Positive people are all talkative B．Teamwork makes the dream work C．Positive people like to spread positivity D．Negative people know about failure very much E．It's about showing the other people that you notice them F．Positive people view failure as an opportunity to learn and get better G．They fail to understand that it's part of the learning and growing ‎ process ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了成为一个积极乐观的人的方法。‎ ‎1．解析：F　根据上文中的“Failure is part of learning”可推知，积极乐观的人能够从失败中学习，从而成长，所以选F项。‎ ‎2．解析：G　空处与上文中的“They understand that failure is an event, and doesn't define who they are”形成对比，由此可推知，消极的人不能真正理解失败的含义，从而不能从中得到学习，有所进步，所以选G项。‎ ‎3．解析：B　根据下文中的“Because they are team players, positive people will get behind and support ideas that are not theirs — even if they might disagree with them”可推知，团队协作很重要，积极的人会互相支持以实现梦想，所以选B项。‎ ‎4．解析：C　根据空前一句“You're so good”可推知，积极乐观的人说积极的话语，传递正能量，所以选C项。‎ ‎5．解析：E　根据上文的“Most importantly, it's not about the praise”及下文的“The simple praise can strengthen relationships and motivate the person to do even better”可推知，积极乐观的人赞扬别人表明他们在乎对方，从而可以改善人际关系，激励他人做得更好，所以选E项。‎