【英语】2018届二轮复习七选五学案

【英语】2018届二轮复习七选五学案

‎ 　 ‎ 七选五 ‎[全国卷3年考情分析] ‎ 位置 ‎ 关系 2016 2015 2014 3年 统计 ‎ 卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ 卷Ⅲ 卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ 卷Ⅰ 卷Ⅱ ‎ 在某段第一句设空(段首题) 主旨句 ‎ 38题 37题 38题 38题，39题 / 40题 39题 7‎ ‎ 承上启下句 ‎ / / / / / / / /‎ 在某段最后一句设空(段尾题) 结论、概括性语句 / / / / / / 37题 1‎ ‎ 承上启下句 / / / / / / / /‎ 在某段段中设空(段中题) 并列或递进关系 ‎ / 39题，‎ ‎40题 37题 36题，‎ ‎37题 36题，37题，‎ ‎38题，40题 36题，‎ ‎38题 36题，‎ ‎40题 13‎ ‎ 转折或让步关系 ‎ 36题，‎ ‎40题 36题，‎ ‎38题 36题 40题 39题 / / 7‎ ‎ 因果关系 ‎ / / 39题 / / / / 1‎ ‎ 解释例证 关系 37题，‎ ‎39题 / 40题 / / 37题，‎ ‎39题 38题 6‎ ‎　　[命题者说]‎ 阅读七选五不但要求学生扎实地掌握词汇和句子、语段和语篇等方面的知识，而且要求学生具备综合分析和辩证的逻辑思维能力，这是实现学生对阅读材料深层理解的基础性能力。这种题型的语篇的主线通常都很清晰，通常都是具有明确的逻辑关系的议论文或说明文。该题型中设有五个空，而对应的选项有七个，其中有两个选项为干扰性错误选项。这七个选项通常包括主旨句、过渡性句子、细节注释性句子三类。主旨句主要以标题类和主题句为主，过渡性句子通常涉及文章结构，细节注释性句子主要涉及上下文逻辑意义。因此学生需要根据文章结构、内容选出正确的选项填入相应的空白处。新课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的阅读学习的教学理念在本题型中得以充分的体现，学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握也得到了考查。综合上表可知，段首题和段中题是考查重点，而段中题又以并列或递进关系和转折或让步关系居多，这就要求考生必须联系上下文去做题，仔细揣摩上下句之间的逻辑关系。因此，在做阅读七选五时，考生可以从“位置”和“逻辑”两个角度来把握该题型的解题技巧。下面我们就从这两个角度分两个方面来突破这一题型！‎ ‎ ‎ 一、基础保分课 ‎　　 　　　 ——掌握通性通法，内化快捷解题路径　对应学生用书P58‎ ‎[通法总览]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题型分解]‎ 一 　　　　　 段首题 ‎1．空格为主旨句 在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016?全国卷Ⅰ)__38__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”‎ ‎?G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. ‎ 分析：本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。仔细阅读下文可知，下文举例说明了用数字来代替字母的密码方式，空格处应为一个主旨句，由此可知G项能起到统领本段的作用。故选G项。‎ ‎2．空格为承上启下句 ‎ 在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016?北京高考)No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74(E.This_is_when_you_start_to_move_away_from_your_family_and_into_the_bigger_world.) To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎__75__ For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ ‎?G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ 分析：本题空格在段首，需要填一个主旨句或一个承上启下句。上文主要讲述了科学家的观点——对冒险活动的热爱在青少年时期有所增长。大脑增加了对新经历的渴望，而新的经历也意味着许多冒险。75题承接上文，引入下文的讲述，即“新的大脑研究表明当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑的工作方式是不同的。”接着阐述是如何的不同。故选G项。‎ 二 　　　　　 段尾题 ‎1．空格为总结、概括句 ‎ 做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如to conclude, in a word, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, therefore, as a result等词语；三是要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。如果第一段的段尾是空格，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。‎ ‎ [典例]　(2016?洛阳高三二模)There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event.But data should be dealt with wisely.We often get wrong data which mislead us.Remember, data have no feeling but we humans have.Data don't mean much to people if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.________‎ ‎?A.Thus we should try our best to be wise thinkers.‎ 分析：本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词Thus可知A选项是正确答案。故选A项。‎ ‎2．空格为承上启下句 ‎ 还有可能这一空是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。‎ ‎[典例]　(2014?北京高考)Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.__71__‎ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72(D.And_examine_the_findings_of_the_original_research.)‎ ‎?G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ 分析：本题设空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信息进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。故选G项。‎ 三 　　　　　 段中题 ‎ 段中设空即主题句或展开句。尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。其特点主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文具体的事实、事例和说明。因此第一步需要依据信息词将选项进行排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终判断和确定一个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，于是得出了正确答案。下面列举常考的依据逻辑关系设置的考题。‎ ‎1．根据并列或递进关系解题 ‎ 并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有first(首先，第一), second(第二), third(第三); firstly(第一，首先), secondly(第二，其次), thirdly(第三); first(第一), next(其次), then(那么，然后); in the first place(第一，首先), for another(其次); to begin with(首先，第一), to conclude(最后)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。‎ 如果空格前后两句之间有also(也，而且), further(进一步地，而且), furthermore(而且，此外), likewise(同样地，也), similarly(相同地，类似地), moreover(而且，此外), in addition(另外), what's more(更重要的是), not only ... but also(不但……而且)等连接词或词组，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系，空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016?全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. __39__ — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40(G.For_each_of_those_gardens,_write_down_the_strongest_memory_you_have.) Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.‎ ‎?C.It's our experience of the garden that matters 分析：空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。故选C项。‎ ‎2．根据转折或让步关系解题 ‎ 转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有however(然而), nevertheless(然而，不过), still(还，仍然),‎ ‎ though(可是，不过，然而), yet(然而), on the contrary(正相反), in contrast(与此相反，相比之下), in comparison(比较起来，与……比较), by comparison(相比之下)等连接词，则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转，空格处很有可能表示转折或让步关系。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016?全国卷Ⅰ)A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39(F.With_a_code_book,_you_might_write_down_words_that_would__stand_for_other_words.) For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” __40__ However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ ‎?A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ ‎$来&源：分析：根据空格后的However可知前后句存在着逻辑上的转折或让步关系。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式。根据后文“However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”可知选择A项(没有密码本很难破解密码)符合题意。故选A项。‎ ‎3．根据因果关系解题 ‎ 如果前后的句子之间出现as a result(结果), thus/therefore(因此), so/such ... that(如此……以至于)等标志性词语，表明前后句有着因果关系。‎ ‎[典例]　(2013?全国卷Ⅱ)If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. __54__. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.‎ ‎?G.So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse 分析：本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前面一句“Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.(你的大脑充满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，而G项中的So在此处表示结果。故选G项。‎ ‎4．根据解释例证关系解题 ‎ 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。‎ ‎[典例]　(2016?全国卷Ⅰ)There are three main types of cryptography. __37__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎?E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ 分析：本题可利用解释例证关系解题。本题采用的思维方式是演绎(从观点到例子)，空格后的句子是例子，即“For example, the first letters of ‘My elephant eats too many eels’ spell out the hidden message ‘Meet me.’”。故选E项(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。‎ ‎[课堂巩固训练]‎ ‎ (2016?湖北省八校高三第二次联考)In your life, sometimes you may be asked to speak in front of a large group of people. Although it sounds a little scary, even those with stage fright can speak successfully to the group with adequate preparation.‎ ‎?Practice your speech before the big day. __1__ If possible, practice the speech in front of a friend or family member to get used to saying it to real people. If you feel you must have note cards, limit the amount to about three cards. This will force you to keep your speech concise (简洁的) and help you keep your eyes focused on your audience.‎ ‎?Remember why you've been invited to speak. If you're battling fear over speaking to a large group of people, keep your mind on the fact that you were selected for this important role. The speech organizers must have seen something valuable in you or your expertise. __2__‎ ‎ ?Remember that fear of public speaking is very common. __3__ Most of the people in the audience would be feeling the same fear and stress that you do in your position. Knowing this may make you feel better.‎ ‎?__4__ What you say should be tailored to why you're there and who you're speaking to in order to avoid sounding general. If speaking to a charity group, mention the good work certain specific individuals have done for the cause. If speaking at a business conference, briefly state why you want to help these people.‎ ‎?Keep eye contact with the crowd. __5__ Pick one person in each section and look at him while you're speaking. After each important point in your speech, switch your focus to another section. When you focus only on one person at a time, the size of the crowd isn't as frightening.‎ A．A good memory is really helpful.‎ B．Show appreciation to your audience.‎ C．Mention your audience in your speech.‎ D．The more you have it memorized, the better.‎ E．In fact, it's normal to feel nervous or stressed out before a big speech.‎ F．Separate the crowd into three sections mentally as you get up to speak.‎ G．The knowledge of other people's respect for you should reduce some of the fear.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要就如何在众人面前克服恐惧并进行成功的演讲提出了一些建议。‎ ‎1．选D　根据该段主题句可知，演讲前要进行练习；根据该段第四句可知，若一定要准备提示卡片，请把数量限制在3张，即此处是讲记不住演讲词的办法。D项“演讲词记的越熟越好”与下文话题衔接密切。故D项正确。‎ ‎2．选G　根据空格前“The speech organizers must have seen something valuable in you or your expertise.”可知，你受邀做演讲是因为组织者看中了你的专长，由此可知，G项“其他人对你知识的尊重应该可以让你减少些许恐惧”承接上文话题，符合语境。故G项正确。‎ ‎3．选E　根据该段主题句可知，害怕公开演讲很正常。下文应是对该句内容进行分析，故E项“事实上，在大型演讲前感到紧张或有压力是很正常的”符合语境，前后句构成顺承关系。故E项正确。‎ ‎4．选C　此处为该段主题句。根据下文可知，你所讲的内容应与你在这里演讲的原因及观众的身份相适应，避免空洞的概括。C项“演讲过程中要提及观众”概括了该段中心意思，适合做主题句。故C项正确。‎ ‎5．选F　根据空格后“Pick one person in each section”可知，F项“Separate the crowd into three sections ...”与下文话题衔接紧密，符合语境。故F项正确。‎ 二、重难增分课 ——破译连环迷局，谨防“多米诺效应”　对应学生用书P61‎ 阅读七选五之所以是考生的失分重灾区，是因为一处错选常常会导致多处错选，被考生戏称为“多米诺效应”。如何防止连环错现象的发生，笔者总结出常见6大失分错因，帮考生跳出“错连环”怪圈，力保阅读七选五题型创满分。‎ 错因一 　 　 因选项特征相似而失分 ‎[典例]　(2016?全国卷Ⅰ)There are three main types of cryptography. 37(E) For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎__38__ You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”‎ A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎[正确答案]　选G ‎[失误分析]‎ C．Only people who ... message.‎ ‎ 宾语相似 G．Another way to hide a message...‎ C项和G项有相似的宾语message，而且上一段最后一句“... spell out the hidden message ...”中含message一词，因此有些考生看到C选项中的message就会先入为主而误选C项。‎ ‎[名师支招] ‎ ‎ 考生在遇到两个有相似特征的选项时，要格外关注，仔细比对这两个选项，结合空处所在的上下文语境和前后文的逻辑关系进行作答，切忌因先入为主而误选。‎ ‎　　　‎ 错因二 　 　 因忽略词汇衔接而失分 ‎[典例]　(2016?全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎●Recall (回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma's rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. __39(C)__ — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you'd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. __40__.Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.‎ A．Know why you garden ‎$来&源：B．Find a good place for your own garden C．It's our experience of the garden that matters D．It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have ‎[正确答案]　选G ‎ ‎[失误分析]　部分考生可能会忽略小标题中的“recall”和“childhood memories”，以及前文中的“those gardens”， “recall the gardens of your youth”；后文中的“childhood memories”等，或者没有利用好这些词汇衔接信息，从而误选其他选项。如果利用好这些词汇衔接，会比较容易选出正确选项G项。‎ ‎[名师支招] ‎ 英语词汇衔接关系表现为词的复现。词的复现指的是某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、上下义词、概括词或其他形式重复出现在语篇中。文章的句子通过这种复现关系，达到相互衔接、意义完整。阅读七选五语篇的上下文语境中往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达等，甚至有相同词汇的重复使用。词汇衔接关系是我们解题很好的线索。 ‎ ‎　　　　‎ 错因三 $来&源：　 　 因忽略关键信息而失分 ‎ ‎[典例]　(2014?全国卷Ⅱ)From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often: ability, money and time. __36__ Money is a topic I'll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule: ...‎ A．Try new things. ‎ B．Ability is easily improved.‎ C．Make three or four instead.‎ D．Understand your food better.‎ E．Cooking is a burden for many people.‎ F．Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.‎ G．A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.‎ ‎[正确答案]　选B ‎ ‎[失误分析]　考生往往由于把握不准关键信息而造成误选其他选项。根据第一句中的几个关键词：ability，money，time，我们可知人们不经常做饭有三个原因。下文先说“money is a topic I'll save for another day(钱的问题我们下次再说)”，接着说“So today I ... make the most of the time”，谈及了money和time。故空格处谈论的应是与ability有关的话题。‎ ‎[名师支招] ‎ 考生如何利用关键词解题，在解题时要比较文章和选项中的关键词。若匹配，则该选项很可能就是正确答案。具体步骤如下：‎ ‎(1)阅读各个空格的前后句，标记关键词。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组、数词、代词、连词等；‎ ‎(2)阅读各个选项并标记关键词；‎ ‎(3)比较并匹配上述两类关键词，最终确定答案。‎ ‎　　　　‎ 错因四 　 　 因忽略意义衔接而失分 ‎[典例]　(2015?全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, we've all been victims of betrayal. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. __37__ It's understandable, but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ A．Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B．It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.‎ F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.‎ ‎[正确答案]　选E ‎[失误分析]　部分考生可能忽略了语境中上下文前后句的意义衔接，而误选其他选项。上一句“Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)”和选项E“They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.(他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生。)”有意义上的衔接。‎ ‎[名师支招] ‎ 对于阅读语篇句子间意义衔接的考查是阅读七选五的常考点之一。考生们在分析语篇段落层次时，可以借助上下文、前后句间的语篇连接词来判断。此外，考生们要真正理解文章的主旨大意，弄清空格前后句子的确切含义，然后根据意义的连贯性从七个选项中选出正确答案。最后，同学们要将所选的选项代入原文，看短文语言是否通顺、逻辑是否合理，从而验证答案。‎ ‎　　‎ 错因五 　 　 因忽略逻辑关系而失分 ‎[典例]　(2015?全国卷Ⅰ)?You didn't lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. __40__ Instead, it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A．Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B．It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C．Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D．Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E．They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.‎ F．This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G．Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.‎ ‎[正确答案]　选G ‎ ‎[失误分析]　部分考生可能没有注意到本空与后文的逻辑关系而误选其他选项。仔细阅读短文，我们可以看出空格的上文指出要看到生活中积极的一面。下文中的Instead一词说明空格和下文存在着行文逆转，即转折关系。扫遍七个选项，只有G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)合适。‎ ‎[名师支招] ‎ 文章中及后面的选项中表示逻辑关系的标志词，是选择答案的重要线索。常见的语篇标志词从细节、逻辑上可分为：‎ 并列或递进关系(firstly, and, or, moreover, what's more, also, neither ...nor ..., either ...or ..., besides, furthermore, in addition to ...)；‎ 转折或让步关系(but, however, instead, yet, while, by contrast, on the contrary, rather than, instead of, although, though, even if, even though ...)；‎ 概括归纳关系(in short, in brief, in summary ...)；‎ 因果关系(so, therefore, thus, as a result, because, for, since, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, because of, for this reason ...)；‎ 时间关系(at first, at last, finally, afterwards, in the meantime, later, then ...)；‎ 解释例证关系(in fact, for example, for instance ...)。 ‎ ‎　　　　‎ 错因六 　 　 因忽略结构衔接而失分 ‎ ‎[典例]　(2014?北京高考)Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.__71__‎ Go to the original source ...‎ Watch for misleading language ...‎ Use your common sense ...‎ ‎　　__75__ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.‎ Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health ‎ problems will serve you well throughout your life.‎ A．Make choices that are right for you.‎ B．The goal of an ad is to sell you something.‎ C．Be sure to work through the critical questions.‎ D．And examine the findings of the original research.‎ E．Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.‎ F．Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.‎ G．The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ ‎[正确答案]　71.选G　75.选A ‎ ‎[失误分析]　部分考生可能忽略了文章的结构而误选其他选项。本篇的短文结构为“总－分”。“go to the original source，watch for misleading language，use your common sense”以及“make choices that are right for you”都属于作者对辨别正确的健康信息提供的建议。因此得出：第一空(总述)的答案为G项；再根据空75后的“but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us”与A项“Make choices that are right for you.”相对应，故空75选A项。‎ ‎[名师支招] ‎ 文章的层次通常包含两种：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，另一种是分析每个段落内部的层次。一般说来，高考的英语文章，无论是整篇文章，还是每个独立的语段，在行文逻辑上，通常采用的都是“总－分”或“总－分－总”结构。考生们在阅读文章时，要有意识地理清文章的思路。‎ ‎　　　　‎ ‎[课堂巩固训练]‎ 阅读七选五常见错误类型针对练 A ‎(2016?河北衡水中学高三一调考试)It is impossible to know when you might find yourself lost in a forest. If you know what to do, you can survive in a forest without much trouble; but if you are not prepared, survival can be much less likely.‎ Keep fear at bay It is completely natural to be afraid when you are faced with a survival situation. __36__ The more your fear overcomes you, the lower your chances are of survival, as your mind is going to become clouded and panic may set in.‎ A．Soon you will find that it's not that difficult to survive in the forest.‎ B．However, if you are going to survive in the forest, you must keep your thoughts clear.‎ C．Make as much friction (摩擦) as possible by rubbing the pointed stick along the flat piece.‎ D．It is better to stay and wait for rescue.‎ E．Under no circumstances should we fight with the wild animals.‎ F．Caves and overhangs are perfect, but most likely you must build your own.‎ G．It is crucial that you do all you can to stay dry and keep your body temperature up.‎ ‎36．解析：选B　该条建议是远离恐惧。上文提到，当你面对求生的境况时，感到害怕是很自然的事情。下文提到，你越害怕，生还的几率就越低。由此可知，上下文表示转折，因此空白处应为承上启下的过渡句，且表转折。故B项“然而，如果你打算在森林中生存下来，你就必须保持头脑清醒。”符合语境。故选B。‎ B ‎(2016?福建省普通高中毕业班单科质量检查)‎ Losing weight is tough. For most people, it requires a change in diet, a change in exercise habits, and a change in attitude. __36__‎ ‎?Set healthy goals.‎ ‎... ‎ ‎?Start small. ‎ ‎... ‎ ‎?Track your diet and exercise. ‎ ‎... ‎ A．Evaluate and adjust.‎ B．Here's how you can accomplish all the three.‎ C．You might as well start with your own attitude.‎ D．There are plenty of Apps that allow you to do this.‎ E．What steps are you going to take to achieve your goal?‎ F．So start with 1－2 things per week and work up from there.‎ G．Write down your goal and set a date by which you want to accomplish that goal.‎ ‎36．解析：选B　联系上下文可知，上文提出了减肥难的现状，而下文则针对如何减肥列举出了几条建议。根据文章结构可知，空格处的作用应为承接上文，并引出下文的几条建议。故B项“以下建议可以帮助你实现上述三种改变”符合语境。故选B。‎ C ‎(2016?江西省重点中学协作体高三第一次联考)‎ Many people may not believe that a degree in history can lead to a well-paying job. In fact, students who graduate with degrees in history can become lawyers, business owners, think tank (智囊团) members, educators, leaders in historical organizations, writers and so on. __40__‎ A．Whichever you take, it can provide a comfortable life.‎ B．Learning about history can change how you think.‎ C．That means you look at things from a new point of view.‎ D．Learning from the past prevents future mistakes.‎ E．The key to enjoying the study of history is to find classes that interest you.‎ F．But the truth is that studying history is a wonderful way to prepare for a successful future.‎ G．History has shaped cultures, attitudes and social structures; it has shaped the world and its citizens.‎ ‎40．解析：选A　上文提到，实际上，历史专业的毕业生可以从事各种薪水不错的工作，如律师、老板、智囊团成员和教育家等，而A项意为“不管你从事哪个行业，它都能给你提供一个舒适的生活”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。故选A。‎ D ‎(2016?太原市高三模拟考试一)Why do we go to zoos？Millions of people around the world visit zoos each year, but the reason is hard to explain. __36__ But the animals they see in zoos are little like the toys, cartoons, and decorations that fill their homes. For such children, the encounter with real animals can be confusing, even upsetting.‎ A．Animals are the best friends of the human beings.‎ B．Most of children are looking forward to visiting zoos.‎ C．But perhaps that disappointment is the best gift a zoo can offer.‎ D．This was the age of Babar the Elephant, Hello Kitty, and the Lion King.‎ E．Many of those visitors are children, whose lives are already surrounded by animals' images.‎ F．In prehistoric times, there had been no zoos, as animals were a real part of the human world.‎ G．Yet, it was not until the Industrial Era that reproductions of animals became a regular part of childhood.‎ ‎36．解析：选E　上文提到“全世界每年有数百万人参观动物园，但是原因很难解释”；下文提到“但是他们在动物园里看到的动物跟填满他们房间的玩具、卡通画以及装饰品不一样”，故空格处应提到参观动物园的其中一类人，即孩子们，且与下文之间存在转折关系。故E项“大部分参观动物园的都是孩子，他们的生活中充斥着动物被赋予的形象”与上下文话题紧密联系，符合语境。故答案选E。‎ E ‎(2016?河南省普通高中毕业班高考适应性测试)‎ However, different people have different ways of being smart. Some people are considered street smart.They may not have a strong education. But they are good at dealing with people and problems in the real world. Other people might be book smart. __40__ But they may not be so smart when dealing with people or real-world problems.‎ A．Is it a good thing or something bad?‎ B．This means they have spent many years in school.‎ C．In fact, maybe that person is no longer your friend.‎ D．But the most common meaning of smart is to be intelligent.‎ E．That means they like what you are wearing and your physical appearance.‎ F．In fact, a child who has a smart mouth makes rude comments, not smart ones.‎ G．But if something smarts, it can be unkind or hurtful, either physically or mentally.‎ ‎40．解析：选B　根据上文可知，其他人可能是书本智慧(书呆子)；根据下文可知，但是他们在与人打交道或处理现实问题时就可能没那么聪明。B项“这意味着他们在学校接受了多年教育”承上启下，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎