【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之非谓语动词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之非谓语动词学案

第6节　非谓语动词 Step 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 考查角度1　作主语和作表语的非谓语动词 ‎1．(2019·天津卷)____________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.‎ ‎[解析]　考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。 此处用动名词作主语，故填Learning。‎ ‎[答案]　Learning ‎2．(2018·北京卷改编)________________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.‎ ‎[解析]　考查动名词。根据句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。根据句子结构可知，此处用动名词作主语。故填Traveling。‎ ‎[答案]　Traveling 考查角度2　作宾语的非谓语动词 ‎3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)How long it would take ________(get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.‎ ‎[解析]　考查不定式。句中的 would提示我们作者还没有到达那座房子，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get。‎ ‎[答案]　to get ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ____________(die) early by running.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。短语 reduce one's risk of...“降低某人……的风险”，此处介词of后用动名词作宾语。故填dying。‎ ‎[答案]　dying ‎5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. ‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故填looking。‎ ‎[答案]　looking ‎6．(2018·天津卷改编)I didn't mean ____________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help ____________(try) it.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。从句意看，第一空所在部分用mean to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”，第二空用couldn't help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”，因此第一空填to eat，第二个空填trying。‎ ‎[答案]　to eat; trying ‎7．(2018·浙江卷)I still remember ____________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. ‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。remember doing sth. 表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。‎ ‎[答案]　visiting ‎8．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎[解析]　考查动词ing作介词宾语。在介词about，before，after，for，with，by等之后作宾语应该用动词ing形式，故填eating。‎ ‎[答案]　eating ‎9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, ____________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道，然后在上面搭建一个结实的顶。分析句子结构可知，digging up the road，laying the track和building a strong roof over the top是三个动名词短语作动词included的并列宾语。此处考生容易错误判断为谓语动词而误填laid。‎ ‎[答案]　laying 考查角度3　作补足语的非谓语动词 ‎10．(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially ____________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。 句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设了一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。a course和design之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。故填designed。 ‎ ‎[答案]　designed ‎11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____________(stay) and watch.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法。‎ ‎[答案]　to stay ‎12．(2018·天津卷改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看，本空在句中作宾补，动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，因此填taken，构成have sth. done结构。‎ ‎[答案]　taken ‎13．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)They are required ____________(process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ ‎[解析]　分析句子结构可知，此处考查be required to do sth.的固定用法。‎ ‎[答案]　to process ‎14．(2017·天津卷)Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home.‎ ‎[解析]　考查过去分词作补足语。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎[答案]　taken 考查角度4　作定语的非谓语动词 ‎15．(2019·北京卷)Earth Day, ____________(mark) on 22nd April, is an annual event ‎ aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：地球日即每年的‎4月22日，是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知，设空处是要作名词Earth Day的后置定语，且两者之间是被动关系，要用过去分词。故填marked。‎ ‎[答案]　marked ‎16．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On the last day of our weeklong stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, ____________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为现在分词形式，故空格处填listening。‎ ‎[答案]　listening ‎17．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while ____________(feed) its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。while feeding its citizens是时间状语从句while it is feeding its citizens的省略结构。又可理解为此处的feed(养活)与主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　feeding ‎18．(2018·北京卷改编)Ordinary soap, ____________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意： 普通肥皂，如果恰当使用，能有效地消除细菌。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用动词的非谓语形式作条件状语，与主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应填used。‎ ‎[答案]　used ‎19．(2018·江苏卷改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ____________(exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。根据句意：这段时间大约提供了13 500个新的工作岗位，超过了市场分析人士预计的12 000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填exceeding作结果状语。‎ ‎[答案]　exceeding 考查角度5　作状语的非谓语动词 ‎20．(2019·江苏卷) ____________(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。 此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填To enjoy。‎ ‎[答案]　To enjoy ‎21．(2019·北京卷)Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world, nervously ____________(face) challenges.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。分析句式可知，此处是作句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是I，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。‎ ‎[答案]　facing ‎22．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercise to ____________(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。‎ ‎[答案]　strengthen ‎23．(2018·北京卷改编)During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together ____________(share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家族成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎[答案]　to share ‎24．(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ____________(cook) a meal.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：16年前，Pahlsson摘掉钻戒去做饭。根据句意判断此处应用不定式表目的。‎ ‎[答案]　to cook 考查角度6　独立结构中的非谓语动词 ‎25．(2017·北京卷改编)So with no one ____________(know), I used up my money and bought my parents a onestory house.‎ ‎[解析]　考查with复合结构。句意为：没有人知道，我用所有的钱给父母买了一套单层房。know与其逻辑主语no one是主动关系，故用现在分词作no one的补足语。‎ ‎[答案]　knowing Step 典题感悟·高考名题这样考知识储备·抓重破难补短板 一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的“表现”形式 ‎1．非谓语动词作主语时的用法区别 一般情况下，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式作主语表示一次性的或具体的动作。若不定式、动名词作主语，常用it作形式主语。另外，不定式作主语时通常指将要发生的动作，动名词作主语则表示已经完成的动作。 ‎ ‎①(2019·重庆学业质量调研抽测第一次)The entrance of teahouse is ordinary and it is not easy for tourists ____________(find)．‎ ‎[答案]　to find ‎②(2019·惠州高三第二次调研考试)____________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea that was attractive to curious minds.‎ ‎[答案]　Staying ‎2．非谓语动词作表语 动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。‎ 不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。‎ ‎③(2019·洛阳市、许昌市高三年级第一次质量检测)Bailey's husband had offered to replace ‎ the ring after it went _________(miss)．‎ ‎[答案]　missing ‎④(2019·绵阳市高中第一次诊断性考试)Its goal is ____________(make) sure all children have a chance for education.‎ ‎[答案]　to make 二、充当宾语的2种非谓语动词形式 ‎1．不定式作宾语 下列动词只能用不定式作宾语 口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。‎ 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。‎ decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse，manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help 此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎⑤(2019·南昌市重点中学高三年级段考试题)In today's world of mobile payment, all we really need ____________(survive) is a smartphone.‎ ‎[答案]　to survive ‎2．动名词作宾语 ‎(1)下列动词常接动名词作宾语 口诀 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。‎ 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。‎ 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。‎ consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/put off，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate；forbid，avoid，imagine，risk；can't help(禁不住)，mind，allow/permit，escape ‎⑥(2019·陕西省部分第一学期摸底检测)There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps ____________(move)．‎ ‎[答案]　moving ‎(2)下列短语常接动名词作宾语 be used/accustomed to，lead to，devote to，go back to，stick to，object to，get down to，pay attention to，can't stand (无法忍受)，give up，feel like，insist on，thank you for，apologize for，be busy(in)，have difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，spend time(in)。‎ ‎⑦(2019·重庆学业质量调研抽测第一次)By __________(chat) with neighbors or friends, a comfortable atmosphere is often created, making it a real reflection of the folk custom here in Chongqing.‎ ‎[答案]　chatting ‎(3)另外，有些动词和动词短语后面接不定式与接动名词有着显著区别 ‎⑧(2019·惠州市高三第二次调研考试)But if you are a night owl, still remember ____________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.‎ ‎[答案]　to get 三、可作宾语补足语的3种非谓语动词 ‎1．不定式作宾语补足语 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise，allow，appoint，believe，cause，challenge，command，compel，consider，declare，drive，enable，encourage，forbid，force，hire，instruct，invite，judge，know，like，order，permit等。‎ ‎⑨(2019·武昌高三年级调研考试)Advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images ____________(produce) in newspapers and magazines.‎ ‎[答案]　to be produced ‎2．现在分词作宾语补足语 常用现在分词作宾语补足语的词语有：feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch，listen to，look at，get，have，keep，leave，send，set等。‎ ‎⑩(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)By being awake at night, animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time ____________(look) for food.‎ ‎[答案]　looking ‎3．过去分词作宾语补足语 常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，make，get，find，see，notice，watch，hear，feel，want，like等。‎ ‎⑪(2019·高考考试大纲调研卷三)Just inside the entrance of a building today I saw a woman ____________(seat) in a wheelchair in front of me.‎ ‎[答案]　seated 四、非谓语动词作定语的解题思路 表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。‎ ‎⑫(2019·郑州高中第三次质量预测)While __________(study) at Cambridge University, he was diagnosed with motor neuron(运动神经元) disease at the age of 21.‎ ‎[答案]　studying ‎⑬(2019·石家庄高中毕业班模拟考试二)The bestknown part of the Great Wall of China, Badaling, ____________(locate) 43 miles northwest of Beijing, attracts thousands of national and foreign tourists every day. ‎ ‎[答案]　located 五、非谓语动词作状语的考查方向 ‎1．分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。‎ ‎(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们是逻辑上的主谓关系。现在分词的完成时即having done表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。‎ ‎⑭(2019·济南5月高考针对性练习)____________(run) a centriesold folk art family workshop named Tongshunde, Yang has carved all kinds of images, including flowers, birds, mountains and rivers.‎ ‎[答案]　Running ‎(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们是逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎⑮(2019·武汉市高中毕业生五月训练题)____________(determine) to lose weight, she bought lowfat versions of all her favorite foods. ‎ ‎[答案]　Determined ‎(3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost“迷路的”，seated“坐”，lost/absorbed in“沉溺于”，dressed in“穿着”，tired of“感到厌烦”，faced with“面对”等。‎ ‎⑯(2019·辽宁五校协作体高三联合模拟考试)The Forbidden City, ____________(locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders.‎ ‎[答案]　located ‎2．不定式作状语 不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to，so as to等，但so as to不能置于句首。‎ ‎⑰(2019·昆明市高三摸底调研测试)Lions, tigers and other animals are staying awake at night ____________(avoid) human beings, a new study finds.‎ ‎[答案]　to avoid 六、独立结构中的非谓语动词 有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词应带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格有“名词/代词主格＋分词”“名词/代词主格＋形容词”“名词/代词主格＋不定式”“名词/代词主格＋介词短语”“名词/代词主格＋副词”等几种形式。这种结构在句中多作状语，用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等。‎ ‎⑱(2019·高考考试大纲调研卷九)The new season ____________(include) another eight museums together with the Palace Museum, they will introduce a total of 27 national treasures to viewers. ‎ ‎[答案]　including 注意：表伴随、原因等的独立主格结构前有时可以加上with或without，构成“with/without＋名词/代词＋分词”结构。‎ ‎⑲(2018·沧州联考)With the local boy ______________ (lead), we reached the place safely.‎ ‎[答案]　leading Step 增分攻略·献计献策献妙招 动词特点它均备，唯作谓语不算对。‎ 主宾定状表补语，样样功能它都会。‎ 成分、作用理分明，再把时间来核对。‎ 最后严把语态关，考虑周全终无悔。‎ ‎[操作技法1]　利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语 分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。‎ ‎[典例1]　(2019·福州市高三第一学期质量抽测)I've interviewed people who have attended the introductory sessions ____________(offer) by some speed reading courses.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。根据空后的“by”并结合语境可知，动词offer和其主语the introductory sessions之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎[答案]　offered ‎[典例2]　(2019·合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测)An FMRI can identity chemical and other changes ____________(result) from blood flow.‎ ‎[解析]　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语can identity，故此处应用现在分词短语作后置定语，故填resulting。‎ ‎[答案]　resulting ‎[操作技法2]　根据句意和作用确定句子成分 根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·武昌区高三年级调研考试)For example, in the UK, if someone describes themselves as a“Marmite Person”， this means that you may either love them or hate them, ____________(base) on the British food Marmite's slogan，“Love it or hate it.”‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。 be based on“以……为基础”为固定用法，故用动词的过去分词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　based ‎[操作技法3]　根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用动词ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用动词ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·长沙市高三统一模拟)Australian researcher Oscar Schwartz created a website ____________(call)“bot or not”．‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词call和逻辑主语a website构成动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作定语。‎ ‎[答案]　called ‎[操作技法4]　根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用动词ing或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或动词ing的一般式。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·高考考试大纲调研卷一)____________(shoot) through cameras on the probe's lander, the photo marks the world's first image taken on the surface of the far side of the moon.‎ ‎[解析]　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作状语，因shoot“‎ 拍摄”与the photo之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此外，这里也可用现在分词的完成被动式强调分词动作先于谓语动作发生。‎ ‎[答案]　Shot/Having been shot ‎1．分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系 ‎(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(doing)；‎ ‎(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，且表完成，要想到用过去分词形式(done)；‎ ‎(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，或作目的状语，或跟在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用不定式形式(to do)。‎ ‎2．掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构 ‎(1)It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb.＋) to do sth.; ‎ ‎(2)It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.；‎ ‎(3)find/think/believe/consider＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.；‎ ‎(4)be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。‎ ‎3．牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词 ‎(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词；‎ ‎(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。‎ Step 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·内蒙古赤峰二中二次月考)But if you're thinking of visiting such a place to enjoy a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid ____________(ask) to leave.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：但是如果你想去这样一个地方品尝一盘甜甜的、美味的小食，再饮一壶非常热的茶，记住有些规矩是必须遵守的，为了避免被告知离开。avoid后需加动名词作宾语；you和ask为逻辑上的被动关系，故设空处填动名词的被动形式。‎ ‎[答案]　being asked ‎2．(2019·海南儋州一中统测)This places a large strain(压力) on the health service and is also a factor in why the government would like to prevent people from ____________(take) up smoking or help them quit.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：这给公共医疗保健服务很大压力，同时这也是政府想要阻止人们吸烟或帮助他们戒烟的一个因素。prevent sb. from doing sth.为固定用法，意为：阻止某人做某事。‎ ‎[答案]　taking ‎3．(2019·内蒙古赤峰二中二次月考)Afternoon tea, ____________(design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：下午茶这个习惯可以追溯到19世纪40年代，是为了填补午餐和晚餐之间的空档而设计的小吃。design与afternoon tea为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故用过去分词designed作定语。‎ ‎[答案]　designed ‎4．(2019·四川成都经济技术开发区实验中学月考)It is possibly because the plastic waste smells like a seabird's food, according to a new study ____________(publish) in the Science Advances journal.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：根据《科学进展》期刊上刊登的一项新的研究，那可能是因为废塑料闻起来像海鸟食物的味道。被修饰词study与publish为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故填过去分词published。‎ ‎[答案]　published ‎5．(2019·湖北黄冈9月质量检测)The event serves not only as a spectacular ceremony to memorize the worldfamous Chinese philosopher, but a chance ____________(celebrate) Chinese culture together with other local communities.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：此项活动不仅可以为纪念这位世界著名的中国哲学家的壮观的庆典而服务，而且还是与其他当地团体一起庆祝中国文化的机会。名词chance后常用不定式作定语，故填to celebrate。‎ ‎[答案]　to celebrate ‎6．(2019·四川成都经济技术开发区实验中学月考)____________(eat) plastic can badly hurt the organs(器官) of the animals.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：吃塑料会严重损害这些动物的器官。设空处作主语且表示概念性动作，需用动名词形式，故填Eating。‎ ‎[答案]　Eating ‎7．(2019·四川邻水实验学校月考)As well as the weather, the relaxed atmosphere and nightlife are very ____________(appeal)．‎ ‎[解析]　句意：除了天气以外，轻松的气氛和夜生活也非常诱人。设空处表示主语的特征，故填appealing。‎ ‎[答案]　appealing ‎8．(2019·湖北当阳一中月考)It was ____________(amaze) that our class won second place. Our efforts paid off!‎ ‎[解析]　句意：令人惊喜的是我们班获得了第二名。我们的努力得到了回报！设空处表示主语的特征，故填amazing。‎ ‎[答案]　amazing ‎9．(2019·河北衡水中学二调)The minister predicted that the country's industrial output would be likely ____________(grow) by around 6 percent next year.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：这位部长预测该国的工业产值在明年可能会增长大约6%。“be likely to do sth.”为固定用法，故填to grow。‎ ‎[答案]　to grow ‎10．(2019·云南玉溪一中二次调研)Often ____________(call) “the world's only surviving characters for women”， these slim words were developed from standard written Chinese.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：经常被称为“世界上唯一幸存的女性使用的文字”，这些纤细的字是由标准书面汉语发展而来的。主语these slim words与call为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故用过去分词called作状语。‎ ‎[答案]　called ‎11．(2019·山东济南外国语学校一次月考)In English, however, the situation is different. People use “Every dog has his day”____________(describe) a period of good fortune.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：然而在英文中，情况就不同了。人们会用“每个人都会有扬眉吐气的一天”来描述一段好的运气。use sth. to do sth.为固定用法，故填不定式形式。‎ ‎[答案]　to describe ‎12．(2019·辽宁沈阳铁路实验中学月考)He watched a spider ____________(make) a web.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：他看到一只蜘蛛在织网。宾语a spider与make为逻辑上的主动关系，且设空处表示正在进行，故用现在分词making作宾语补足语。‎ ‎[答案]　making ‎13．(2019·吉林长春市实验中学开学考试)In Shanxi, people get their hair ____________(cut) in a symbolic move to remove the old and embrace the new.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：在山西，人们会象征性地理发以辞旧迎新。宾语hair与cut为逻辑上的被动关系，且设空处表示完成，故用过去分词cut作宾补。get/have one's hair cut“理发”。‎ ‎[答案]　cut ‎14．(2019·海南儋州一中统测)That means tobacco manufacturers will be forced ____________(pack) their cigarettes in plain packets.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：那意味着烟草制造商会被迫将他们的香烟装进简单的烟盒中。be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。‎ ‎[答案]　to pack ‎15．(2019·河北名校联盟质检)Apart from the academic benefit, life at university can also allow students ____________(develop) their interests in many fields.‎ ‎[解析]　句意：除了学业方面的益处之外，大学生活还能使学生在许多领域发展他们的兴趣。allow后需用不定式作宾补。allow sb. to do sth.为固定结构，意为：允许某人做某事。‎ ‎[答案]　to develop Ⅱ.语篇语法填空 ‎(2019·江西南昌第二中学高三第六次考试)As long as I can remember, I've been interested in learning about people, places, and 1.____________(tradition) from around the world. I traveled with my dad to adopt my brother and sister on lifechanging trip to Peru when I was 15 years old. 2.____________(immediate) my world expanded：in Machu Picchu I felt as if I had woken from a dream, 3.____________ made me realize the possibilities and 4.____________(end) adventures beyond my neighborhood.‎ In college, I spent 5.____________ unbelievable term in Spain, and later in Ecuador. The travel desire led to countless trips abroad, from teaching English as a second language to immigrants in London, 6.____________ traveling with my students in Costa Rica.‎ Now that I have my own family, I hope 7.____________(raise) my children to be globally and culturally aware. Our family looks like a miniUnited Nations, with my husband 8.____________(come) from Mexico, and our daughters and sons from China and Ethiopia. 9.______________ our original intention was simply to expand our family, we have been enriched by our multicultural backgrounds and experiences. Each member of our family 10.______________ (enjoy) both the trips to home countries as well as the celebrations of ‎ traditions here at home.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了从记事起，作者就对了解世界各地的人、地方和传统很感兴趣。长大后，作者希望培养自己的孩子具有全球意识和文化意识。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查名词单复数。句意：从记事起，我就对了解世界各地的人、地方和传统很感兴趣。文中表示“世界各地传统”是复数意义，用名词复数，故填traditions。‎ ‎[答案]　traditions ‎2．[解析]　考查副词。该空修饰整个句子，用副词，故填Immediately。‎ ‎[答案]　Immediately ‎3．[解析]　考查非限制性定语从句。3.____________ made me realize the possibilities and 4.____________(end) adventures beyond my neighborhood.是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是a dream，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎4．[解析]　考查形容词。文中表示“无止境的冒险”，该空修饰名词adventures，用形容词，故填endless。‎ ‎[答案]　endless ‎5．[解析]　考查冠词。句意：上大学时，我在西班牙度过了一个难以置信的学期，后来又去了厄瓜多尔。文中泛指“一个难以置信的学期”，unbelievable的首字母发音是元音，故填不定冠词an。‎ ‎[答案]　an ‎6．[解析]　考查固定短语。句意：这种旅行的渴望导致了无数的海外旅行，从伦敦到哥斯达黎加旅行。from...to“从……到”，是固定用法，故填to。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎7．[解析]　考查固定句型。句意：我希望培养我的孩子具有全球意识和文化意识。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，是固定用法，故填to raise。‎ ‎[答案]　to raise ‎8．[解析]　考查with复合结构。“my husband”和“come”之间是主动关系，用with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，故填coming。‎ ‎[答案]　coming ‎9．[解析]　考查连词。句意：虽然/尽管我们的初衷只是扩大我们的家庭，但我们的多元文化背景和经验丰富了我们。文中表示“虽然/尽管”，故填While/Although/Though。‎ ‎[答案]　While/Although/Though ‎10．[解析]　考查时态。这里描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时；或是表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，用现在完成时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填enjoys/has enjoyed。‎ ‎[答案]　enjoys/has enjoyed 专题强化训练(七)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 A ‎(2019·河北保定高三期末考试)Rivers are one of our most important natural resources. Many of the world's great cities are located on rivers and almost every country has at least one river 1.____________(flow) through it, which plays an important part in the lives of 2.____________(it) people.‎ Since the beginning of history, people 3.____________(use) rivers for transportation. The Yellow River and Changjiang River play a large role in China. The Mississippi, the 4.____________(long) one in the United States ever influenced the American people 5.____________(great) in history. The lifeline of Egypt is the Nile. Rivers provide fresh water 6.____________ drink, grow crops, make electricity and chances to have fun for those 7.____________ live along their banks.‎ ‎8．____________ the cities grow in size and industries increase in number, the river water is severely being polluted. It urges all countries to make 9.____________(decide) and take immediate action to stop it from 10.____________(pollute) any more.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。以密西西比河为例介绍了河流对人们的生活有重要作用，但随着城市规模的扩大和工业数量的增加，河流受到了严重的污染，所有国家应该行动起来阻止河流继续受到污染。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意：每个国家都至少有一条河流经其国土，这在其人民的生活中扮演重要角色。river与flow之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填flowing。‎ ‎[答案]　flowing ‎2．[解析]　考查代词。句意参考上题解析，修饰名词people用形容词性物主代词，故填its。‎ ‎[答案]　its ‎3．[解析]　考查时态。句意：自古以来，人们就利用河流作为交通工具。时间状语Since the beginning of history表明此处使用现在完成时，故填have used。‎ ‎[答案]　have used ‎4．[解析]　考查形容词。句意：密西西比河是美国最长的河流，它在历史上对美国人民产生了巨大的影响。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级，故填longest。‎ ‎[答案]　longest ‎5．[解析]　考查副词。句意参考上题解析，修饰动词influenced用副词，故填greatly。‎ ‎[答案]　greatly ‎6．[解析]　考查不定式。句意：河流为沿岸居民提供了饮用、种植庄稼……‎ 和娱乐的机会。此处表示目的，应该用不定式作目的状语，故填to。‎ ‎[答案]　to ‎7．[解析]　考查定语从句。句意参考上题解析，先行词为those，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。‎ ‎[答案]　who/that ‎8．[解析]　考查状语从句。句意：随着城市规模的扩大和工业数量的增加，河流受到了严重的污染。此处表示“随着”，故填As。‎ ‎[答案]　As ‎9．[解析]　考查名词。句意：它敦促所有国家做出决定并立即开始行动以阻止它受到污染。作make的宾语用名词，decision是可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填decisions。‎ ‎[答案]　decisions ‎10．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析，介词from后接动名词作宾语，it与pollute之间是被动关系，故填being polluted。‎ ‎[答案]　being polluted B ‎(2019·内蒙古赤峰二中月考)Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of Study, first came into 1.____________ (exist) in Xuan Prefecture in the Tang Dynasty. The traditional skill of making the paper 2.______________ hand has been passed down through generations. The process takes as many as 108 steps, all of 3.______________ require a level of delicacy.‎ Take papermaking master Zhou Donghong, for example. He uses a fine screen to filter(过滤) a mixture of water and fibers. He lifts it up, and it's a sheet of paper. It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds 4.______________ (form) and shape it, but they've devoted 5.______________(them) to perfecting the skills for decades.‎ ‎“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers, and timing is 6.____________(difficult) part of all. We have only one chance to filter the right amount of fibers, and only the proper weight guarantees the paper is neither too thin nor too thick, and the margin for error is 7.____________ (extreme) small，”said Zhou. With just the right degree of thickness, top quality Xuan paper holds ink and water tightly.‎ The skill of papermaking, 8.____________(recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. We felt 9.______________ great sense of pride as it was listed as a world intangible culture heritage(非物质文化遗产) by UNESCO in 2009. Since then, in Jingxian County, Xuan papermaking 10.______________(teach) in schools.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍宣纸的发明经历。2009年，联合国教科文组织将其列为世界非物质文化遗产，我们感到非常自豪。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查固定词组。come into existence“产生，开始存在”，故填existence。‎ ‎[答案]　existence ‎2．[解析]　考查固定搭配。by hand“用手，手工”，故填by。‎ ‎[答案]　by ‎3．[解析]　考查定语从句。句意：这个过程需要多达108个步骤，所有这些步骤都需要一定程度的精致。此处steps作先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少主语，all of which作主语，故填which。‎ ‎[答案]　which ‎4．[解析]　考查固定句式。It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间”，可知填to form。‎ ‎[答案]　to form ‎5．[解析]　考查固定结构。devote oneself to“献身于……”，故填themselves。‎ ‎[答案]　themselves ‎6．[解析]　考查形容词最高级。根据of all可知此处是形容词最高级，故填the most difficult。‎ ‎[答案]　the most difficult ‎7．[解析]　考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故填extremely。‎ ‎[答案]　extremely ‎8．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。 此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填recognized。‎ ‎[答案]　recognized ‎9．[解析]　考查冠词。句意：2009年，联合国教科文组织将其列为世界非物质文化遗产，我们感到非常自豪。也就是我们有一种自豪感。故填a。‎ ‎[答案]　a ‎10．[解析]　考查时态。Since then是现在完成时的标志，Xuan papermaking 和teach之间是被动关系，所以句子用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been taught。‎ ‎[答案]　has been taught Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·吉林长春实验中学开学考试)After school, as usual, I went back home. On the bus, I find a woman with a cute baby standing besides me and having difficulty holding on to the grab pole. In spite my own exhaustion, I rose from my seat and gave them away without hesitation to her and the baby. She thanked me several times sincerely, that made me feel extremely proud. I was realized my little favor could real make a difference to a person who was badly in need of it. Arrived home, I almost forgot my tiredness. I was lost in happinesses because I did a little for a stranger and I gained a lot.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ After school, as usual, I went back home. On the bus, I a woman with a cute baby standing me and having difficulty holding on to the grab pole. In spite my own exhaustion, I rose from my seat and gave away without hesitation to her and the baby. She thanked me several times sincerely, made me feel extremely proud. I ‎ realized my little favor could make a difference to a person who was badly in need of it. home, I almost forgot my tiredness. I was lost in because I did a little for ‎ a stranger I gained a lot.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019·河南省中原名校高考预测金卷)I visited Copenhagen for the first time last Easter. As a student，I'm always strapped for cash，so I assumed I could only afford to breathe the air — but luckily everything about Copenhagen is breathtaking.‎ I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground. One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn, or“round tower”built in the 17th century as an astronomical observatory. It has an equestrian staircase (a wide set of stairs big enough for horses to use) that went on and on. As I was going up, I stopped to visit the tower's library hall. At the top, there's a glass platform that gives a view 80foot straight down, as well as a bell loft. Luckily, the views over Copenhagen from the top were well worth the climb.‎ After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue. Taking a photo with her was almost impossible with all the tourists crowding around—but sitting there and hearing the lapping waves of the deep blue Baltic Sea, waiting for the sun to set, was an unforgettable and calming experience.‎ The next day, I visited the Glyptotek art museum, exploring the grand exhibits. I looked into the marble eyes of many Roman gods, and walked down dimly lit staircases to see mummies from Egypt.‎ Before I unwillingly boarded the train back to the airport, I told myself that I must visit again—to experience the thrills of Tivoli Gardens, try more of the street food and everything else from this amazing city.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇游记。作者主要介绍了自己去哥本哈根的穷游经历。‎ ‎1．Why did the author rent a bike?‎ A．Because she loved to ride a bike.‎ B．Because she didn't afford to rent a car.‎ C．Because she found nowhere to rent other vehicles.‎ D．Because she wanted to see as many attractions as possible.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段中“I was staying in an Airbnb, and rented a bike so I could cover more ground.”可知，作者租一辆自行车是因为她想要看尽可能多的旅游胜地，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎2．What did the author find difficult at the Kastellet Fortress?‎ A．Finding a sitting place.‎ B．Waiting for the sun to set.‎ C．Listening to the sound of waves.‎ D．Having a photo taken with a statue.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由第三段中“After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue. Taking a photo with her was almost impossible with all the tourists crowding around”可知，在Kastellet Fortress，作者发现最困难的事情就是和雕塑拍照，因为人太多了，故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．Which of the following didn't the author visit?‎ A．Rundetaarn. B．Tivoli Gardens.‎ C．Glyptotek art museum. D．Little Mermaid Statue.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。此题询问作者没有参观过的地方，使用排除法。由“One of the first places I visited was the Rundetaarn”，排除A；由“The next day, I visited the Glyptotek art museum, exploring the grand exhibits.”排除C；由“After coming down, I hiked up to the Kastellet Fortress to see the famous Little Mermaid statue.”排除D，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To remember a holiday.‎ B．To introduce a new attraction.‎ C．To share her travel experience.‎ D．To show her love of Copenhagen.‎ ‎[解析]　写作意图题。这篇文章主要介绍了作者去哥本哈根的穷游经历，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是分享自己的旅游经历，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C Ⅳ.完形填空 ‎(2019·山东青岛二中模块考试)Eliza worked in an office with twenty other people, and she liked her job. Getting ahead in her career wasn't ____1____ to her. But she suddenly changed ____2____ the promotion of her friend and coworker Betty who couldn't have gotten the ____3____ if Eliza had tried to. In the eyes of the other coworkers, Betty was ____4____ cheerful, hardworking and ambitious, while Eliza was lowkey and easygoing.‎ Before Betty got the promotion, Eliza had been satisfied with her ____5____， even if she had not been ____6____ happy. But once Betty was made head, Eliza began to fill up with resentment(怨恨) and she disliked her job and ____7____ Betty. Finally she developed a big mistake ____8____ she was filled with anger all the time. Eliza began to see Betty as the source of all her problems, and she ____9____ to remember that she had not particularly wanted the promotion anyway. Now she just thought that it should be hers. Instead of ____10____ herself to see what her real goal was in life, she tried to ____11____ how to trap Betty and regarded Betty as her enemy. Eliza became ____12____ focused on her resentment, and she couldn't get out of the ____13____ situation.‎ One of the major problems with resentment is that you ____14____ that your anger is completely caused by others. You ____15____ looking for what you can do to improve your situation, because you decide that your ____16____ feelings are the result of someone else's fault. You give up trying to find real ____17____ to solve your problem. Dealing with resentment needs ____18____. Because of that, you are able to have a clear mind so that you can admit you are feeling resentful. Then try hard to force yourself ____19____ ready to be less resentful. You believe you are to blame for resentment, and you actively look for the way that can ____20____ the problem in your life.‎ 语篇解读： 本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者描述了Eliza 因为朋友的工作晋升而心生怨恨，时时刻刻想为难别人。通过这个故事告诉我们不要在别人身上找原因，而应该去发现自己的不足。‎ ‎1．A.ordinary B．important C．simple D．challenging ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.ordinary“普通的；正常的”；B.important“重要的”；C.simple“简单的”；D.challenging“挑战性的”。根据下文描述while Eliza was lowkey and easygoing.可知她认为工作不重要。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎2．A.during B．before C．until D．after ‎[解析]　考查介词。A.during“在……期间”；B.before“在……以前”；C.until“直到才”；D.after“在……之后”。句意：但是在她的好朋友兼同事Betty晋升之后，她突然改变了，如果Eliza努力的话，Betty是不可能得到这个机会的。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎3．A.chance B．agreement C．prize D．business ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.chance“机会”；B.agreement“同意”；C.prize“奖赏”；D.business“生意”。这里指Betty得到晋升的“机会”，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎4．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never ‎[解析]　考查副词。A.always“总是；一直”；B.sometimes“有时”；C.seldom“几乎不”；D.never“从不”。根据上文Betty得到了晋升，可知她“一直”是快乐、勤奋和有上进心的。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎5．A.partner B．work C．teammates D．leader ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.partner“伙伴”；B.work“工作”；C.teammates“同队伙伴”；D.leader“领导人”。根据下文But once Betty was made head, Eliza began to fill up with resentment(怨恨) and she disliked her job的描述，可知Eliza以前对自己的工作还满意。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎6．A.mainly B．perfectly C．exactly D．extremely ‎[解析]　考查副词。A.mainly“主要地”；B.perfectly“完美地”；C.exactly“确切地”；D.extremely“极其地”。句意：在Betty晋升之前，Eliza对自己的工作还满意，尽管不是极其满意。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎7．A.supported B．disclosed C．hated D．forced ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.supported“支持”；B.disclosed“揭露”；C.hated“憎恨”；D.forced“强迫”。根据上文Eliza began to fill up with resentment(怨恨)的描述，可知她“讨厌”Betty。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎8．A.because B．if C．but D．while ‎[解析]　考查连词。A.because“因为”；B.if“如果”；C.but“但是”；D.while“当……时”。下文“她一直充满了愤怒”与上文“终于她酿成了大错”是因果关系，故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎9．A.decided B．started C．managed D．failed ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.decided“决定”；B.started“开始”；C.managed“管理；尝试”；D.failed“失败”。句意：她不记得她曾经无论如何都不想要晋升。fail to do sth.“没能做某事”。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎10．A.noticing B．warning C．persuading D．ensuring ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.noticing“注意到”；B.warning“警告”；C.persuading“劝说”；D.ensuring“确认；确定”。句意：她不是让自己确定自己真正的生活目标是什么，反而努力想要如何为难Betty，把她当成了敌人。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎11．A.get at B．deal with C．figure out D．make up ‎[解析]　考查动词短语。A.get at“理解”；B.deal with“处理”；C.figure out“想出；解决”；D.make up“组成；编造”。这里指她努力想要如何为难Betty，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎12．A.partly B．completely C．finally D．usually ‎[解析]　考查副词。A.partly“部分地”；B.completely“完全地”；C.finally“最终地”；D.usually“通常”。句意：她完全集中在怨恨上。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎13．A.strange B．boring C．funny D．dangerous ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.strange“奇怪的”；B.boring“无聊的”；C.funny“有趣的”；D.dangerous“危险的”。根据上文可知Eliza心里只有怨恨，因此她这种状态是很“危险的”。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D ‎14．A.doubt B．analyze C．believe D．find ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.doubt“怀疑”；B.analyze“分析”；C.believe“相信；认为”；D.find“找到”。句意：怨恨的一个主要问题就是你认为你的愤怒完全是由他人造成的。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎15．A.mind B．stop C．enjoy D．keep ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.mind“介意”；B.stop“停止”；C.enjoy“欣赏；享受”；D.keep“保持”。句意：你不去找出你能做些什么来改善你的境况。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎16．A.negative B．inspiring C．childish D．social ‎[解析]　考查形容词。A.negative“负面的；消极的”；B.inspiring“鼓舞人心的”；C.childish“孩子气的”；D.social“社会的；社交的”。对他人的怨恨应该是一种“消极的”感觉。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎17．A.details B．effects C．solutions D．causes ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.details“细节”；B.effects“效果”；C.solutions“方法；办法”；D.causes“原因”。根据下文to solve your problem(解决问题)，可知此处应该是指“方法，办法(solution)”。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎18．A.freedom B．calmness C．experiment D．courage ‎[解析]　考查名词。A.freedom“自由”；B.calmness“冷静”；C.experiment“实验”；D.courage“勇气”。句意：对待怨恨需要冷静。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎19．A.luckily B．hurriedly C．truly D．strongly ‎[解析]　考查副词。A.luckily“幸运地”；B.hurriedly“匆忙地”；C.truly“真实地”；D.strongly“强烈地”，句意：然后努力强迫自己真正地做好准备不那么憎恨。故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎20．A.solve B．avoid C．predict D．face ‎[解析]　考查动词。A.solve“解决”；B.avoid“避免”；C.predict“预测”；D.face“面对”。句意：你主动地寻找能够解决你生活中的问题的方式。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A