2019届一轮复习北师大版必修五Unit13People单元学案设计（49页word解析版）

2019届一轮复习北师大版必修五Unit13People单元学案设计（49页word解析版）

‎2019届一轮复习北师大版必修5Unit13People单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．assessment n．评估　　　　　　　 2.appropriately adv.适当地 ‎3．physicist n．物理学家 4.emergency n．紧急情况 ‎5．academic adj.学术的 6.disability n．残疾，无能力 ‎7．companion n．同伴，伴侣 8.allergic adj.过敏的 ‎9．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星 10.characteristic n．特点，特性 ‎11．astronomy n．天文学 12.personality n．个性，性格 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．weakness n．弱点，缺陷　　　　　2.gain vt.获得，增加 ‎3．passive adj.被动的，消极的 4.positive adj.积极的 ‎5．accuse vt.控告，谴责 6.connection n．联系；连接 ‎7．gifted adj.有天赋的 8.deserve vt.应得，值得 ‎9．desire n．渴望，欲望 10.selfish adj.自私的 ‎11．kindness n．和善，亲切 12.requirement n．要求 ‎13．upset adj.不安的，不快的 14.grateful adj.感激的，感谢的 ‎15．glare vi.怒视，瞪 16.possibility n．可能性 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.strength n．长处，优势→strengthen v．增强，加强→strong adj.强壮的 ‎*2.concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n ‎．专心，专注 ‎3.associate vt.联想，联系→association n．联想；协会 ‎4.accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accuracy n．精确 ‎5.description n．描述，形容→describe v．描写，描述 ‎6.predict vt.预言，预测→prediction n．预测，预告→predictor n．预言家 ‎*7.satisfaction n．满意，满足→satisfy vt.使满意，使满足→satisfied adj.感到满意的→satisfying adj.令人满意的 ‎*8.independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend vi.依赖，依靠 ‎*9.anxiety n．忧虑；担心→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦急的→anxiously adv.忧虑地 ‎*10.devotion n．奉献→devote vt.献身于→devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Our success depends greatly on our ability to concentrate. Henry Ward Beecher once observed, one hour of intense concentration can accomplish more than years of dreaming.‎ ‎2．We live in an independent country so we must depend on ourselves; liberty and independence is our state principle forever.‎ ‎3．My brother strengthens himself by taking outdoor exercise every day; now he is so strong that I dare not measure my strength against him.‎ ‎4．How anxiously she awaited the doctor's answer, and the moment she heard his advice she had no more anxieties.‎ ‎5．The old scientist is devoted to studying space, and the spirit of ‎ devotion deserves learning from. He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.‎ ‎6．To the mother's satisfaction,_her son achieved satisfying results in study, which, of course, satisfied the whole family.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．harmony /'hɑːmənɪ/ n．　　　　　 和睦，和谐 ‎2．harmonious /hɑːməʊnɪəs/ adj. 和谐的 ‎3．friendly /'frendli/ adj. 友好的 ‎4．considerate /kən'sɪdərət/ adj. 体贴的 ‎5．admirable /'ædmərəbl/ adj. 值得赞赏的 ‎6．respectful /'rɪspektfl/ adj. 恭敬的，有礼貌的 ‎7．consult /'kənsʌlt/ vt. 请教；商量 ‎8．appreciate /ə'priːʃieɪt/ vt. 欣赏；感激 ‎9．associate /ə'səʊʃieɪt/ vt. 联想；联系 ‎10．respect /'rɪspekt/ vt.& n. 尊重 ‎11．understand /ʌndə'stænd/ vt. 理解；领会 ‎12．understanding /ʌndə'stændɪŋ/ n. 理解 ‎13．accompany /ə'kʌmpəni/ vt. 陪同，陪伴 ‎14．share /ʃeə(r)/ vt. 分享，共同使用 ‎15．cooperate /kəʊ'ɒpəreɪt/ vi. 合作 ‎16．congratulate /kən'grætʃuleɪt/ vt. 祝贺 ‎17．congratulation /kən'grætʃuleɪʃn/ n． 祝贺 ‎18．enthusiastic /ɪnθjuːziæstɪk/ adj. 热情的 ‎19．precious /'preʃəs/ adj. 珍贵的 ‎20．grateful /'greɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 ‎21．sincere /sɪn'sɪə(r)/ adj. 真诚的 ‎22．conscience /'kɒnʃəns/ n. 良心；良知 ‎23．merciful /'mɜːsɪfl/ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的 ‎24．modest /'mɒdɪst/ adj. 谦虚的；谦逊的 ‎25．reliable /'rɪlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的 ‎26．patient /'peɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 ‎27．trust /trʌst/ vt. 相信；信任 ‎28．promote /prə'məʊt/ vt. 促进；提升 ‎29．fight /faɪt/ n．& vi. 打架；打斗 ‎30．conflict /'kɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突 ‎31．tolerance /'tɒlərəns/ n. 忍受 ‎32．barrier /'bæriə(r)/ n. 屏障，障碍 ‎33．friction /'frɪkʃn/ n. 摩擦 ‎34．prejudice /'predʒudɪs/ n. 偏见，成见 ‎35．tension /'tenʃn/ n. 紧张局势 ‎36．abandon /ə'bændən/ vt. 抛弃，舍弃，放弃 ‎37．abuse /əbjuːs/ vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用 ‎38．condemn /'kən'dem/ vt. 谴责，指责，宣判 ‎39．complain /'kəmpleɪn/ vt.& vi. 抱怨 ‎40．embarrass /ɪm'bærəs/ vt. 使尴尬 ‎41．misunderstand /'mɪsʌndəstænd/ vt.　误会 ‎42．bother /'bɒðə(r)/ vt. 打扰；麻烦 ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.come_up_with 提出，想出　　 　　 2.draw_up 起草 ‎3.end_up_ 结果为……，以……结束 *4.concentrate_on 集中于，专注于 ‎*5.in_terms_of就某事来说，从某个角度看 *6.deal_with 处理；对付 ‎7.can't_help_doing_sth.禁不住做 　 8.glare_at 怒视 ‎9.talk_sb._into_doing_sth.劝服某人做某事 10.be_willing_to愿意做某事 ‎11.react_to对……作出反应 　 12.devote_..._to 献身于，贡献于 ‎13.to_be_honest老实说，说实话 　 14.on_the_other_hand另一方面 ‎*15.be_popular_with_...受……欢迎 ‎*16.pick_up_ 捡起；接(人)；(无意间)学会；好转 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．Some students are good at concentrating_on what the teachers teach in class.‎ ‎2．With so many things to deal_with,_I have to work late into the night.‎ ‎3．After looking over my plan, the manager hoped I could come_up_with a better and more practical one.‎ ‎4．It's surprising that your brother picked_up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long.‎ ‎5．A wellbehaved person is_popular_with others while a badlybehaved one is disgusting.‎ ‎6．In_terms_of working ability, you are no worse than the others. It is just you don't put your heart into your work.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．believe in 　　　　　　 相信，信任 ‎2．be patient with 对……有耐心 ‎3．be merciful to 对……是仁慈的 ‎4．be enthusiastic about 对……热情 ‎5．forgive sb. for sth. 因某事原谅某人 ‎6．make up 和解 ‎7．communicate with 与……交流 ‎8．be ready to help others 乐于助人 ‎9．be concerned about 关心，挂念 ‎10．share ...with ... 与……分享……‎ ‎11．depend/rely on 依靠，相信 ‎12．have ...in common 有共同之处 ‎13．get on/along well with sb. 与某人相处融洽 ‎14．in harmony with 与……和谐相处 ‎15．break up 分手；解散；结束 ‎16．be bored with 厌烦 ‎17．be to blame 应受责备 ‎18．have words with 与……发生口角 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……“越……，越……”‎ ‎[例句]　I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.‎ ‎[仿写]　问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。‎ The_more_difficult the questions are, the_less_likely he is able to answer them.‎ ‎2．why引导表语从句 ‎[例句]　Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's why the letter never arrived. ‎ ‎[仿写]　那是我认为长江之行是较好选择的原因。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ That's_why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.‎ ‎3．it作形式宾语 ‎[例句]　I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.‎ ‎[仿写]　如果您愿意提供更多的信息，我将不胜感激。(2015·重庆高考满分作文)‎ I_would_appreciate_it_if you would offer more information.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Friendship is one of the most important things in everyone's life.‎ 友谊是每个人生活中最重要的东西。‎ ‎2．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.‎ 正是你的帮助和热心让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。‎ ‎3．As long as we obey the rules mentioned above, we will find it easy to get along well with our friends.‎ 只要我们遵守上面提到的规则，我们就会发现与朋友友好相处会很容易。‎ ‎4．To build up real friendship, we should make friends with those who we can trust.‎ 为建立真正的友谊，我们应该和那些值得信任的人交朋友。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ When I paid a visit to my friend Tom yesterday, he was concentrating on drawing up an important plan for his company. Obviously, he was so absorbed in his work that he mistook me for his ‎ wife. Facing this situation, I couldn't help laughing. To be honest, Tom is a man who is devoted to work and always comes up with good ideas for his company. Besides, he is a warmhearted man who is willing to help others to deal with problems. So, he is very popular among us and deserves to be respected.‎ 昨天，我去拜访我的朋友汤姆时，他正在全神贯注地为他的公司起草一份重要的方案。很显然，他是如此地专注于手头的工作，以至于把我错当成了他的妻子。面对此景，我禁不住大笑了起来。说实话，汤姆是一位一心扑在工作上，并能为公司出谋划策的优秀员工。此外，他还是一个热心肠的人，平时总是爱帮助别人处理一些问题。因此，他很受大家的欢迎，很值得大家尊重。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)‎ ‎[高考佳句]　From then on, I began to concentrate on every small thing in my studies. (2014·湖北高考短文写作)‎ 从那时起，我开始专注于我学习中的每一件小事。‎ concentrate on (doing) sth.　 聚精会神于(做)某事 concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts on/upon ...‎ ‎ 集中某人的注意力/努力/思想于……‎ ‎①School should concentrate on teaching (teach) students the academic subjects that will be useful for their future careers.‎ 学校应该集中精力教学生对他们的未来有用的学业科目。‎ ‎②We must concentrate_our_efforts_on/upon_improving education.‎ 我们必须致力于改进教育工作。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“集中注意力于……，全神贯注于……”的短语还：‎ ‎①pay attention to sth.‎ ‎②put one's heart into sth.‎ ‎③fix one's attention on sth.‎ ‎④be absorbed/buried in (doing) ...‎ ‎2．deserve vt.应得，值得 ‎[经典例句]　No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect.‎ 不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社会中都起着一定的作用，因此值得我们应有的尊敬。‎ deserve ＋ n. (consideration/attention/respect)‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 值得(考虑/关注/尊敬)‎ deserve to do sth. 应该做某事 deserve doing/to be done ……值得做 ‎①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to_be_respected/respect (respect)．‎ 正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应受到尊敬。‎ ‎②These people deserve to_get (get) more than the minimum wage.‎ 这些人应该得到比最低工资更高的报酬。‎ ‎3．associate vt.联想；联系 ‎(1)associate ...with ...　 使……与……联系起来 associate with sb. 与某人交往/共事 be associated with 与……有关 ‎(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团 in association with 与……联合；与……有关联 ‎①Many of us who have never been to Egypt always associate Egypt with the ancient pyramids.‎ 我们中许多从未去过埃及的人总是把埃及与古金字塔联系在一起。‎ ‎②We are working in_association_with a local company to raise money for the homeless.‎ 我们正在联合一家当地的公司，为无家可归的人筹款。‎ ‎③As we all know, health is_associated_with a balanced diet and plenty of exercise.‎ 众所周知，健康与均衡饮食和大量的锻炼息息相关。‎ ‎4．accuse vt.控告，谴责 ‎[教材原句]　Accused of stealing money, the man was brought to court.‎ 那个人因被指控偷了钱而被带上法庭。‎ ‎(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 　 因(做)某事而控告/指责某人 ‎(2)the accused 被告 ‎①The boss was_accused_of having a prejudice against his female employees.‎ 那位老板被指责对女性员工有偏见。‎ ‎②The accused (accuse) man was declared to be innocent by the court.‎ 法庭宣布被告无罪。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“指控、责备某人做某事”的短语还有：‎ ‎①charge sb. with (doing) sth.　 指控某人(做)某事……‎ ‎②blame sb. for (doing) sth. 为某事而责备某人 ‎③scold sb. for (doing) sth. 为某事批评某人 ‎5．desire n．渴望，欲望v.渴望，想要 ‎[高考佳句]　I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window. (2015·湖南高考单选)‎ 我有一种强烈的欲望， 想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店的橱窗挡住了。‎ ‎(1)have a strong desire ‎(2)desire to do sth.　　　 　　　 渴望做某事 desire sb.to do sth. 想让某人做某事 desire that sb.(should) do ... 希望/要求某人做……‎ ‎①We desire that immediate help (should)_be_given (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood. ‎ 我们希望给予那些被洪水围困的当地村民即时的援助。‎ ‎②The young girl desired her parents to_come (come) and see her from time to time.‎ 这个小女孩想要她的父母不时地来看她。‎ ‎③Each student in our class has a_strong_desire_to_go_to/for a famous university.‎ 我们班的每个学生都有上名牌大学的强烈愿望。‎ ‎6．relief n．宽慰，轻松；解脱；减轻，消除；缓和 ‎[教材原句]　It'll be a real relief when they're found.‎ 当找到他们后，的确会令人很宽慰。‎ ‎(1)to one's relief　　　 令人感到欣慰的是 What a relief! 可松口气了！‎ in relief 如释重负；松了口气 ‎(2)relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和 relieve sb.of 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)‎ ‎①Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.‎ 看到小宝贝睡着了，这位年轻的母亲欣慰地笑了。‎ ‎②To_my_parents'_relief,_both my brother and I followed the family tradition and became doctors.‎ 让父母宽慰的是，哥哥和我都追随家族的传统成为了医生。‎ ‎③You'd better relieve your mother of some of the housework.‎ 你最好减轻一点你妈妈的家务活。‎ ‎7．account vt.认为是，视为n.(银行)账户；账目；叙述；报道；解释，说明 ‎[高考佳句]　It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. (2015·福建高考单选)‎ 据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。‎ ‎(1)account for　　 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例 ‎(2)on account of 由于，因为 on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)‎ take ...into account/take account of ＝take ...into consideration 考虑到……‎ ‎①On_account_of lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller. ‎ 由于缺少人类的保护，长江江豚的数量越来越少。‎ ‎②On no account can_you give up whatever happens.‎ 不管发生什么你都决不能放弃。‎ ‎③When judging his performance, don't take_his_age_into_account.‎ 评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“决不”的短语还有：‎ ‎①in no way/case　　　②at no time　　③by no means ‎④under/in no circumstances　⑤on no condition ‎8．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于 ‎[教材原句]　She devotes a lot of her time to caring the neighbours.‎ 她花了很多时间来照顾邻居们。‎ ‎(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 献身于……；致力于……‎ devote one's life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……‎ ‎(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to sth./doing sth. 专心于；奉献于……‎ ‎(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 ‎①You will never gain success unless you are_fully_devoted_to your work.‎ 除非你完全投入到你的工作中，否则你就永远不会取得成功。‎ ‎②Devoting (devote) herself to teaching the deaf children, the young ‎ lady has little time to care for her own daughter.‎ ‎＝Devoted (devote) to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.‎ 一心投入到教育失聪儿童的工作中，这位年轻女士很少有时间照顾她自己的女儿。‎ ‎③Professor Smith made up his mind to devote himself to making (make) scientific researches on diseases of blood.‎ 史密斯教授决心投身于血液病的科学研究。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．judge n．裁判，法官vt.评判；判断；审判，判决 单句语法填空/一句多译 ‎①Judging (judge) from the way he laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.‎ ‎②I'd prefer to reserve my judgement (judge) until I find all the evidence.‎ 依我看来，他能实现他上大学的梦想。‎ ‎③As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.(judge)‎ ‎④As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_he can realize his dream of going to university.(concern)‎ ‎⑤In_my_view/opinion,_he can realize his dream of going to university.(view/opinion)‎ ‎2．strength n．[C] 优点，长处；强项； [U] 力量；力气 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①We can strengthen (strength) our friendship when we help our ‎ classmates.‎ ‎②Practicing Chinese kung fu can not_only_build_up_one's_strength (增强体质), but also develop one's character.‎ ‎③In most people's opinion, everything has its strengths_and_weaknesses (长处和短处)．‎ ‎3．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①The medical team left the village with great satisfaction (satisfy), having treated a lot of local villagers.‎ ‎②Only in this way will everyone be ready to help others and feel satisfied (satisfy) with it.‎ ‎③It's good that you know what prevents you achieving satisfying (satisfy) scores.‎ ‎④What satisfied him was that he had no difficulty in passing the final examination.‎ ‎→To his satisfaction,_he had no difficulty in passing the final examination.‎ ‎⑤In a word, I am quite pleased with my present school life and studies.‎ ‎→In a word, I am quite satisfied with my present school life and studies.‎ ‎4．predict vt.预言，预测 单句语法填空/补全句子 ‎①Predicting (predict) the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks.‎ ‎②Nobody believed his prediction (predict) then but later it turned out to be true.‎ ‎③It_is_predicted_that (据预测) total users of virtual reality in 2020 will exceed 60 million due to mainstream audience loving it.‎ ‎④I find it hard to make_a_prediction_about_our_future (预测我们的未来)．‎ ‎5．gifted adj.有天赋的 单句语法填空/句型转换 ‎①My father has a gift for playing the piano, which has a great influence on us.‎ ‎②The little girl is gifted_(gift) at music and thus she can get the hang of the techniques to play different musical instruments quickly.‎ ‎③Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.‎ ‎→Brian has a gift/talent/genius for writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．To our satisfaction (satisfy), he got the first prize in the competition.‎ ‎2．As we all know, Jay Chou was gifted (gift) in music when he was a child.‎ ‎3．Devoted (devote) to his research work, the scientist has little time to spend with his family.‎ ‎4．It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself.‎ ‎5．The young man, who had rushed into the fire to save the old man, deserved rewarding/to_be_rewarded (reward)．‎ ‎6．There has always been a close association (associate) between these two schools.‎ ‎7．Accused_ (accuse) of stealing money from the bank, he was questioned by the police.‎ ‎8．John desires that his parents (should)_give (give) him more freedom.‎ ‎9．She says she is all right, which makes me feel in relief.‎ ‎10．The company has said that Taobao and Tmall account for more than half of all parcel deliveries in China.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Judged from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.Judged→Judging ‎2．The police accused him of set fire to the building but he denied having been in the area on the night of the fire._set→setting ‎3．It's desired that this remark was brought to the attention of the students who get used to getting up late.was→be ‎4．Before the exam, I devoted myself to prepare for it.prepare→preparing ‎5．To him relief, no sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.him→his ‎6．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical. I think it deserves discussed at the next meeting.discussed→discussing ‎7．The manager was satisfying to see many new products developed after great effort.satisfying→satisfied ‎8．Although Tim and Mike come from entire different backgrounds, they are close friends. entire→entirely Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/一句多译)‎ ‎1．His grandmother likes finding_fault_with_others (挑别人的错) who talk with her on the spot.‎ ‎2．In many cultures white is_often_associated_with (常跟……有联系) something positive.‎ ‎3．To_my_great_relief (使我极为欣慰的是), the manager promised to have my complaint looked into.‎ ‎4．在史密斯先生的帮助下，她能够做到集中精力学习，并完成了大学教育。‎ ‎①With the help of Mr Smith, she was able to concentrate_on_her_study and graduated from college.(concentrate)‎ ‎②With the help of Mr Smith, she was able to focus_on_her_study and graduated from college.(focus)‎ ‎③With the help of Mr Smith, she was able to put_her_heart_into_her_study and graduated from college.(heart)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事 ‎[教材原句]　Go and see your teacher and try to talk him or her into giving you a better grade.‎ 去找你的任课老师，努力说服他或她给你较好的分数。‎ talk sb. out of (doing) sth.　 说服某人不做某事 talk of 谈到，说到 ‎①It is no use trying to talk him into studying (study) hard; he can only be persuaded by force.‎ 试图说服他努力学习没有用，他只能靠武力说服。‎ ‎②Talking (talk) of literature, do you have any interest in Lu Xun's works?‎ 谈到文学，你对鲁迅的作品有兴趣吗？‎ ‎2．in terms of 就……而言；在……方面；从某个角度上看 ‎[高考佳句]　Would you mind finding out the mistakes in terms of words and format？(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 请你帮我找出文字和格式方面的错误来好吗？‎ be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　 与某人关系好/不好/友好 come to terms with ... 对……让步，迁就，接受(不愉快的事)；适应 in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言 in one's terms 在某人看来 ‎①He couldn't come_to_terms_with the fact of unemployment at that time.‎ 他不能接受那个时候失业的事实。‎ ‎②We have been_on_good_terms_with our neighbors for all these years.‎ 这么多年来我们一直和邻居关系很好。‎ ‎③Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in_the_long_term.‎ 学习并不总是那么简单，但从长远看它总是有益的。‎ ‎3．can't help doing sth.禁不住要做某事 ‎[教材原句]　I couldn't help laughing at this and I invited her back ‎ to my apartment for a quick cup of tea.‎ 我禁不住笑了，并邀请她到我的公寓来喝杯茶。‎ can't help (to) do sth.　　　 不能帮忙做某事 can not help but do sth. 不得不做某事 ‎①She can't help (to)_clean (clean) the house because she's busy reading a detective novel.‎ 她不能帮忙打扫屋子因为她正忙着看一部侦探小说。‎ ‎②While shopping, people sometimes can't help being_persuaded (persuade) into buying something they don't really need.‎ 当购物的时候，人们经常会控制不住地被说服买了一些他们本不想要的东西。‎ ‎③He couldn't_help_but_admit that he was wrong.‎ 他不得不承认自己错了。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“别无选择只好做某事，不得不做某事”的表达，除can't help but do sth.以外还有：‎ ‎①can't do anything but do sth.‎ ‎＝can do nothing but do sth.‎ ‎②have no choice but to do sth.‎ ‎＝have no alternative but to do sth.‎ ‎4．end up 结果为……；以……结束 ‎[经典例句]　He'll end up in prison if he's not careful.(朗文P617)‎ 如果他不小心，最后会锒铛入狱的。‎ ‎(1)end up doing sth.　　 以……结束/告终 end up with ... 以……而结束 end up as ... 结果成为(职位)‎ ‎(2)come to an end 结束 put an end to (bring sth. to an end)　 结束 at the end of　　　　 在……尽头；在……末端 by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)‎ in the end 最后；终于 ‎①After wandering in the bookstore for half an hour, he ended_up_with a book named Pride and Prejudice.‎ 在书店逛了半个小时后，他最终买了一本名为《傲慢与偏见》的书。‎ ‎②If he continues like this, he will end_up_lifting a stone only to have it drop on his own foot, just as the saying goes.‎ 如果他继续如此的话，那就会正如俗语所言，他将最终是搬起石头砸自己的脚。‎ ‎③Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended_up_as a manager.‎ 成为这家公司的职员后，他升职很快，最终成为一名经理。‎ ‎5．I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.‎ 我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。‎ 句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为when引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎(1)英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。‎ ‎(2)类似的用法短语还有see to it that ...“务必”； depend/rely on it that ...“依赖/相信”； take it for granted that ...“认为……‎ 是理所当然的”等。‎ ‎①I'd appreciate it very much if you could go over my application letter and my resume and help me polish them. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)‎ 如果你能把我的申请书和个人简历审查一下并帮我润色一下，我将感激不尽。‎ ‎②I hate/dislike_it when she calls me at work.‎ 我讨厌工作时她给我打电话。‎ ‎③Some of us always take_it_for_granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.‎ 我们中的有些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。‎ ‎④You may depend_on_it_that we shall always help you. ‎ 尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。‎ ‎6．Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's_why the letter never arrived.‎ 可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。‎ 句中that's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”， why引导表语从句。‎ ‎(1)That's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”， why引导表语从句，该句型强调结果。‎ ‎(2)That's because ... 意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句，该句型强调原因。‎ ‎(3)The reason why ... is/was that ..., 意为“……的原因是……”，表语从句用that引导，不用because。‎ ‎①Tom overslept this morning.That is why he was late for work.‎ 汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那是他上班迟到的原因。‎ ‎②I got wet all through. That's_because I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.‎ 我全身湿透了，那是因为我既没穿雨衣，也未带雨伞。‎ ‎③The_reason_why_he_was_late_was_that he missed the first bus this morning.‎ 他迟到的原因是他今天早上没赶上早班公共汽车。‎ ‎7．I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the_more_upset I got, the_less I was able to concentrate.‎ 我变得越来越心烦，当然，我越是感到心烦我就越难集中精力。‎ ‎“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”是固定句型，意为“越……，越……”。‎ ‎(1)第一个“the＋比较级 ...”相当于条件状语从句，第二个“the＋比较级 ...”相当于主句。‎ ‎(2)如果第二个“the＋比较级 ...”用一般将来时，则第一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常用一般现在时表将来。‎ ‎(3)这个句型表示从句和主句的变化是同时进行的，即：主句的情况随着从句表示的程度而变化。当句意明确时，此句型结构常以省略形式出现。‎ ‎①The more careful you are, the fewer (few) mistakes you'll make.‎ 你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。‎ ‎②The_harder you work, the_greater progress you will make.‎ 你学习越刻苦，你取得的进步就越大。‎ ‎③The sooner, the_better.‎ 越快越好。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.用end短语填空(come to an end/in the end/end up with/put an end to)‎ ‎1．His speech ended_up_with a famous saying: Where there is a will, there is a way.‎ ‎2．Let's put_an_end_to the talk between us at eight o'clock.‎ ‎3．The meeting didn't come_to_an_end until midnight.‎ ‎4．However bad the circumstance is, as long as we keep in high spirits, we can succeed in_the_end.‎ Ⅱ.用terms短语完成下面语段(come to terms with/in the long term/be on good terms with)‎ 从长远来看，与周围的人处好关系很有必要，所以我们要学会迁就别人。‎ ‎1．In_the_long_term,_it is necessary to 2._be_on_good_terms_with people around us, so we should learn to 3.come_to_terms_with others.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换/补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．He caught a cold. That is because he was caught in the rain.‎ ‎→He was caught in the rain. That's why he caught a cold.‎ ‎2．If a man is more learned, he will usually be more modest. ‎ ‎→The more learned a man is, the more modest he will usually be.‎ ‎3．你站得越高就看得越远。‎ The_higher you stand, the_farther you will see.‎ ‎4．一些学生认为学好英语很难，那是因为他们没找到合适的方法。‎ Some students think it difficult to learn English well. That's_because_they_don't_find_‎ the_right_way.‎ ‎5．如果你今天下午为美发预约回电话，我将不胜感激。‎ I would_appreciate_it_if you could call back this afternoon for the hairdressing appointment.‎ ‎6．最后一班公共汽车走了。我们不得不步行回家。‎ ‎①The last bus left. We could_do_nothing_but_walk home.(do)‎ ‎②The last bus left. We could_not_help_but_walk home.(help)‎ ‎③The last bus left. We had_no_choice/alternative_but_to_walk home.(choice/alternative)‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 can't help doing， have a strong desire to do sth.， to one's relief， concentrate on， devote oneself to， deserve， there is no doubt that ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①昨天老师给我们讲了海伦·凯勒的故事，听完我们都禁不住哭了起来。‎ Our teacher told us Helen Keller's story yesterday. We all couldn't_help_crying after hearing it.‎ ‎②尽管海伦·凯勒身体有残疾，但是她有强烈的学习愿望。‎ Though Helen Keller was disabled, she had_a_strong_desire_to_learn.‎ ‎③让我们感到很欣慰的是，在Sullivan女士的帮助下，她能够集中精力学习并大学毕业。‎ To_our_great_relief,_with the help of Ms Sullivan, she was able to concentrate_on_her_study and graduated from college.‎ ‎④她致力于帮助盲人和聋哑儿童。‎ She devoted_herself_to_helping the blind and deaf children.‎ ‎⑤我们认为她是20世纪最伟大的女性之一。‎ We_believe_that_she_was_one_of_the_greatest_women_in_the_20th_century.‎ ‎⑥毫无疑问，她是值得我们大家尊敬的。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that_she_deserves_our_respect.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用倒装句升级句②‎ Disabled_though/as_Helen_Keller_was,_she_had_a_strong_desire_to_learn.‎ ‎(2)用it作形式主语改写句⑤，并与句⑥合并 It_is_believed_that_she_was_one_of_the_greatest_women_in_the_20th_century_and_there_is_no_doubt_that_she_deserves_our_respect.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and, later on)‎ Our teacher told us Helen Keller's story yesterday, and we all couldn't help crying after hearing it. Disabled as Helen Keller was, she had a strong desire to learn. To our great relief, with the help of Ms Sullivan, she was able to concentrate on her study and graduated from college. Later on, she devoted herself to helping the blind and deaf children. It is believed that she was one of the greatest women in the 20th century and there is no doubt that she deserves our respect.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——and连接两个宾语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change facts.‎ 句子主干是they usually believe, believe后面有两个宾语从句，分别是that those students have a higher IQ和that there is nothing they can do to change facts。‎ 阿克萨尼在他的帖子里写道：他不期望通过这件事得到任何回报，使用这张多余的机票的女子可以选择和他一起旅行或者把票拿走自己旅行。‎ 真题长难句 Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her own.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 句子主语是Axani，谓语动词wrote后面有两个宾语从句，分别是that he is not look for anything in return和that the woman ...on her own。其中第二个宾语从句中含有who引导的定语从句。‎ ‎“与人相处”是“人际关系”的子话题。一个人在社会上行走，要想达到无往不胜，首先得懂得处理好人际关系，和谐、友好、积极、亲密的人际关系都属于良好的人际关系，对于一个人的工作、生活和学习是很有益的，在高考语篇中此类话题的文章多以记叙文、说明文为主。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)‎ ‎[1]I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ ‎[2]The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.‎ ‎[3]We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ ‎[4]I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.‎ ‎24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at ‎ first?‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.‎ C．He wasn't famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A．They were of the same age.‎ B．They worked in the same theater.‎ C．They were both good actors.‎ D．They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎26．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Their belief.‎ B．Their care for children.‎ C．Their success.‎ D．Their support for each other.‎ ‎27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To show his love of films.‎ B．To remember a friend.‎ C．To introduce a new movie.‎ D．To share his acting experience.‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1～2‎ 友谊建立 ‎ 段 第1～2段划波浪线部分 作者与Paul相识的背景，以及建立友谊的原因。‎ 第3段 第3段划波浪线部分 作者如何与Paul保持他们之间的友谊。‎ 友谊保持 第4 段 第4段划波浪线部分 作者与Paul的默契程度。‎ 友谊加深 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　从制作那部电影和四年后的电影《骗中骗》中生出来的友谊都植根于这样一个事实：尽管有年龄差别，但是我们两个都是从戏剧和电视直播的传统中出来的。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎24．细节理解题。选C　根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。故选C项。‎ ‎25．推理判断题。选D　根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”‎ 可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎26．代词指代题。选A　根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。‎ ‎27．写作目的题。选B　根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago.”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法11]　利用标点符号解题 高考阅读理解中利用标点符号解题应注意特殊标点符号后的内容。因为特殊标点符号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释或说明，因此，注意到这些标点，也就注意到了细节。这些特殊符号包括表示解释的破折号、括号和冒号以及表示引用的引号等。‎ 上面例题中的第24题就是利用了第一段中的破折号后的句子“it wanted somebody as well known as Paul”而得到迅速解决的，它就是对该题中的选项C的同义说法。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．studio n．　　　　　　　　 工作室；制片室 ‎2．virtue n. 美德；优点 ‎3．dig into 钻研 ‎4．underlying affection 潜在的感情 ‎5．show up at events 出席活动 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·天津高考)‎ 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。‎ ‎(1)回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面)；‎ ‎(2)谈谈收获或感想；‎ ‎(3)表达祝愿与期望。‎ 注意：(1)词数不少于100；‎ ‎(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends，‎ How time flies！　 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Thank you.‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．交换　　　　　　　　　 exchange ‎2．对……有益 benefit ‎3．促进；提升 promote ‎4．杰出的 outstanding ‎5．给……留下深刻印象 impress ‎6．代表 on_behalf_of 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．你们来到我们学校已经两周了，从这项交流活动中我们受益匪浅。(用which引导的非限制性定语从句)‎ It_has_been_two_weeks_since_you_came_to_our_school_for_the_exchange_program,_which_has_benefited_all_of_us.‎ ‎2．在过去两周里，我们一直在同一间教室学习，住在同一间宿舍。‎ During_the_past_two_weeks,_we_studied_in_the_same_classroom_and_lived_in_the_same_dormitory.‎ ‎3．这使我们更好地了解彼此。‎ This/It_enabled_us_to_know_each_other_better.‎ ‎4．在操场上做同样的运动给了我们促进友谊的机会。‎ Doing_the_same_sports_on_the_playground_gave_us_the_opportunity_to_promote_our_friendship.‎ ‎5．使我们印象最深的是你的美术才华，在其中你展现了杰出的才能。(用并列句)‎ What_impressed_us_most_were_your_art_skills_and_in_them_you_showed_outstanding_talent.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用which引导的非限制性定语从句连接练习2、3‎ During_the_past_two_weeks,_we_studied_in_the_same_classroom_and_lived_in_the_same_dormitory,_which_enabled_us_to_know_each_other_better.‎ ‎2．用in which/where引导的定语从句升级练习5‎ What_impressed_us_most_were_your_art_skills,_in_which/where_you_showed_outstanding_talent.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear friends，‎ How time flies! It has been two weeks since you came to our school ‎ for the exchange program, which benefited all of us.‎ During the past two weeks, we studied in the same classroom and lived in the same dormitory, which enabled us to know each other better. Doing the same sports on the playground gave us the opportunity to promote our friendship. What impressed us most were your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. We believe that the students in our school have learned a lot from the exchange program.‎ At last, on behalf of all the students in our school, I wish you will have a safe and happy journey home and that there will be more programs like this in the future.‎ Thank you.‎ ‎[单元检测·高考提能] ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．He has worked very hard recently, so he deserves (应得) a week's holiday.‎ ‎2．I would be grateful (感激的) if you can take my suggestions into consideration.‎ ‎3．According to the survey, more and more teenagers hope to be independent (独立的) of their parents.‎ ‎4．The little boy was sentenced to three years in prison for being accused (指控) of having stolen a lot of bikes.‎ ‎5．To get to the shelter (避难所) you are to go through the dusty passage.‎ ‎6．Our trading connection (联系) has broken off owing to a ‎ disagreement over prices.‎ ‎7．It is confirmed (证实) that the intellectual property is unique.‎ ‎8．The scenery along the Three Gorge is beyond description(describe)．‎ ‎9．Judging (judge) from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.‎ ‎10．Everybody should be aware of his strengths (strong) and weaknesses so that we can work better as a team.‎ ‎11．To the satisfaction (satisfy) of the boss, his products could meet the needs of the customers.‎ ‎12．They didn't fight, and just only stood there glaring (glare) at each other.‎ ‎13．He didn't accept my_requirement_(require) that he do the work.‎ ‎14．Concentrating (concentrate) attention upon development is the main task of some local governments.‎ ‎15．Devoted (devote) to his students, the teacher has little time to care about his children.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but to turn to my parents for help.去掉第一个to ‎2．You can depend on that he will lend you some money to help you out.on后加it ‎3．We didn't lend him money. That's why we are not too familiar with him.why→because ‎4．The young man was accused for murder by police, which surprised us all.for→of ‎5．Devoting to the study of science, he has made great achievements.Devoting→Devoted ‎6．With our relief, children all arrived home safely.With→To ‎7．We delayed our departure on account for the bad weather.for→of ‎8．Although he is very young, he is much more experienced than others in term of working ability.term→terms ‎9．Many media in the world concentrate their attention to the submit of the Group of Twenty.to→on/upon ‎10．Having all this information in one place could end up save your mother's life.save→saving Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎ ‎1．这位教授全身心投入到科研工作中去，几乎不关心其他任何事。‎ Devoted_to_his_research_work,_the professor cared little about any other things.‎ ‎2．毫无疑问全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。‎ There_is_no_doubt_that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random natural phenomenon.‎ ‎3．如果可能的话，我想和这一家人再待两天以便我能更多地了解一些英国的习俗。‎ If_possible,_I'd like to stay with the family for a couple of days in order that I can know more customs in England.‎ ‎4．你读得越快，你完成考试就越快。‎ The_faster you read, the_sooner you will finish the exam.‎ ‎5．从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。‎ From space, the earth looks blue. This_is_because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ ‎6．如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。‎ I_would_appreciate_it_very_much_if you would help me with it.‎ ‎7．就整体素质来说，大家普遍认为学生应该得到平等对待。‎ In_terms_of_overall_quality,_it is commonly believed that students should be treated equally.‎ ‎8．这位年轻司机专注于挣更多的钱来养家糊口。‎ The young driver concentrates_on_making_more_money to support his family.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A Where to enjoy a pictureperfect white Christmas?‎ Québec City, Canada When the narrow streets of Québec City are covered in snow, it feels like you've wandered into a beautiful Victorian Christmas card which has come to life. Enjoy the friendliness of this charming Canadian city with joyous outdoor concerts, holiday markets and QuébecAdabra — an evening festival of music, lights, animation (动画) and architectural projections held citywide.‎ London, England The capital is bursting with holiday cheer. Bright Christmas lights brighten up Oxford Street, Covent Garden and Carnaby Street. Skating people can go for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London. Love holiday music? St. MartinintheFields hosts an inspiring lineup of Christmas concerts while London's most famous Christmas tree entertains visitors in Trafalgar Square.‎ Prague, Czech Republic Prague's beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities. At the foot of the Church of Our Lady before Tyn, the Old Town Christmas market sells Christmas gifts and treats to the thousands of shoppers who visit it each December. Carol (圣诞颂歌) singers perform seasonal favourites while a welldecorated Christmas tree adds to the joyous atmosphere.‎ Rovaniemi, Finland For a storybook Christmas, Rovaniemi in Finland is hard to beat. Lapland's capital becomes a winter wonderland. The area is lit by the impressive northern lights, and they can be witnessed around the city from midAugust to early April. This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself and visitors of all ages can meet everything about Christmas at Santa Claus Village right at the Arctic Circle.‎ ‎1．Why does the author mention the Victorian Christmas card?‎ A．To indicate Québec City is beautiful.‎ B．To show it always snows at Christmas.‎ C．To tell us Christmas is a lively holiday.‎ D．To suggest that we buy Christmas cards.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“a beautiful Victorian Christmas card”可知，作者提到维多利亚圣诞卡是为了说明魁北克市在圣诞期间非常漂亮。‎ ‎2．Where can you skate in London at Christmas?‎ A．In Oxford Street.　　　　 B．In Covent Garden.‎ C．In Canary Wharf. D．In Trafalgar Square.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Skating people can go ‎ for a seasonal spin in Somerset House, Hyde Park, Canary Wharf and the Tower of London”可知，在伦敦的Canary Wharf可以溜冰。‎ ‎3．What makes a Christmas in Prague more attractive?‎ A．The unique gifts offered to tourists.‎ B．The great architecture of Prague.‎ C．The Old Town Christmas market.‎ D．A welldecorated Christmas tree.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Prague's beautiful architecture provides a dramatic setting for its Christmas activities”可知，Prague的建筑使它的圣诞节更有吸引力。‎ ‎4．What is special about Rovaniemi?‎ A．Its scenery attracts visitors of all ages.‎ B．It is a winter wonderland full of magic.‎ C．Its Christmas celebrations last long.‎ D．It is where Santa Claus comes from.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“This magical place is also the official home of Santa Claus himself”可知，圣诞老人来自芬兰的罗瓦涅米。‎ B ‎(2018·陕西黄陵中学模拟)Elon Musk is a man of big ambition. He says his goal is to save humanity. And as strange as that sounds, the South Africanborn, CanadianAmerican inventor might actually be doing it.‎ On December 22nd, SpaceX, the company Musk founded, successfully launched its reusable Falcon 9 rocket. The moment furthered Musk's goal of making space travel more affordable and eventually ‎ colonizing Mars for humanity's longterm survival. As if this wasn't enough, Musk, 44, is also the founder of Tesla, an electric car company. He has also helped to create three Internet startups including the online payment company PayPal. All of them could be said to have turned their industries upside down.‎ The companies Musk started cover three areas: the Internet, sustainable energy and exploring space. Since college, Musk has believed that those areas will most affect the future of humanity and that he should spend his life working on them. “There's no shortage of people with a vision for the future，” Microsoft founder Bill Gates said to Vogue magazine. “What makes Elon special is his ability to make his vision come true.”‎ Nothing showed this ability better than the crisis Musk faced in 2008. In 2008, both SpaceX and Tesla were in real danger. SpaceX's three launches had all failed and the company could afford only one more launch. But everything soon turned around. In September 2008, SpaceX launched its fourth rocket and it succeeded. It won a $1.6 billion contract with NASA. SpaceX was saved. Musk then shocked the investors and the tech world by pouring his entire personal savings into saving Tesla.‎ Despite his success, Musk's ambition has not gone away. He has also been working on other ambitious projects in recent years.‎ ‎5．What do Musk's companies have in common?‎ A．They all gained an instant success.‎ B．Their goal is to offer affordable space travel.‎ C．Their development wasn't optimistic at first.‎ D．They had a revolutionary effect on their own fields.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句 ‎“All of them could be said to have turned their industries upside down”可知，Musk的公司在它们各自所属的领域产生了革命性的影响。‎ ‎6．What do Bill Gates' words indicate?‎ A．There're many creative people.‎ B．Not everyone's dream can come true.‎ C．Successful people have a vision for the future.‎ D．Ability of practice accounts for Musk's success.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由第三段中Bill Gates所说的话，尤其是“What makes Elon special is his ability to make his vision come true”可推断，Bill Gates意在说明Musk成功的关键在于他的执行力。故选D。‎ ‎7．Which words can best describe Musk?‎ A．Devoted and accessible.‎ B．Creative and determined.‎ C．Adventurous and aggressive.‎ D．Ambitious and sympathetic.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的最后一句“Musk then shocked the investors and the tech world by pouring his entire personal savings into saving Tesla”可以看出，Musk拥有敢于冒险的精神；根据第一段和最后一段的“ambition”可以看出Musk是具有上进心的，故选C。‎ 单元检测B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·湖南省重点名校联考)How many hours of sleep did you get ‎ last night? If the answer is not enough, then you might have a harder time remembering something from yesterday than those who were well rested.‎ Scientists have long known the advantages of a good night's sleep, but a new study has confirmed the old wives' tale that sleeping on an idea can actually make it easy to apprehend it, as sleeping is a key part of the human learning process.‎ By studying the sleeping patterns of mice, a team from the John Hopkins University School of Medicine found that sleep allows us to readjust brain cells, solidify lessons learned and then use them when we wake up.‎ Lead author Graham Diering said, “The human brain can only store a certain amount of information before it needs to be readjusted. The bottom line is that sleep is not really downtime (停工期) for the brain. It has important work to do then.”‎ When we are awake, the system of neurons (神经元) is pushed towards full ability in a bid to make sense of the world and everything we are taking in. This constant firing of neurons means we will lose our ability to devote brainpower to memory. Then when we are asleep, there is a process of reduction going on, which causes a 20% drop in receptor proteins (受体蛋白质) compared to those who are still awake. And it is this process of reduction that goes on when you are sleeping that is necessary for learning and memory.‎ It isn't the only study to remind us of the value of rest. Back in September, a study showed when we sleep, the brain works harder to process the memories we value more highly. So studying before going to bed can help you remember more things than you do in the morning.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是说明文。一项最新研究表明，充足的睡眠有益于记忆，人们在睡眠之前的记忆力处于最佳状态。‎ ‎1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “apprehend” in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Carry out.　　　　　　 B．Dream up.‎ C．Accept. D．Understand.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据该词后的“as sleeping is a key part of the human learning process”可知，是更容易理解一个概念，故apprehend的意思和understand相近。‎ ‎2．When is our memory good?‎ A．When our nervous system is inactive.‎ B．When we lie wide awake on the bed.‎ C．When we become sensitive to the outside world.‎ D．When the level of receptor proteins is increasing.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段第一、二句可知，当人们清醒时，神经系统处于活跃状态，此时大脑的记忆能力就会减弱。由此可知，当我们的神经系统处于低迷状态时，大脑记忆力最好。‎ ‎3．What's the author's purpose in writing the text?‎ A．To tell us the process of memorizing things.‎ B．To show the importance of a good memory.‎ C．To persuade us to get enough sleep.‎ D．To describe a common phenomenon.‎ 解析：选C　写作目的题。本文介绍了充足的睡眠的重要性，旨在劝说人们要有充足的睡眠。‎ B Public libraries have had another bad year. They are like local railways. People like having them around, and are angry if they close. But ‎ as for using them, there is so little time these days.‎ To the US historian Matthew Battles the library is a metaphor (隐喻) for the land of chance, a place where, lost in the piles, new Americans could “dream of personal success, unaided by unnamed others, a stage with a mirror for backdrop (背景幕布) that reflects only the reader”. In Britain, the library was a grammar school, a teachyourself academy, a way of learning.‎ Digitization has changed everything. The public library is no longer a place sacred to knowledge. Its walls have been bombed open. So much rubbish is said and written about the death of books. Five years ago, when Amazon ebook sales were higher than those of paperback copies, it was assumed the book was dying. Print was yesterday, one more victim of the great digital wipeout. But Waterstones last year stopped selling Kindles and changed the shelf space to physical books. It saw a 5% rise in sales. Though the bookshop has suffered, the book has not.‎ But these are buyers, not borrowers. The library must rediscover its specialness. This strength lies not in books, but in its readers, in their desire to gather, share with each other, hear writers and experience books with a group. It is in plays, concerts, comedy, lectures, debates, quizzes, performances of every sort. It should combine coffee shops, book exchanges, playgroups, art galleries, museums and performances.‎ Ever since the days of Alexandria, the library has been the palace of the mind, the “University of All”. The Internet has removed its complete control of knowledge, but cannot copy its sense of place, its joy of human gathering.‎ 语篇解读：本文是议论文。文章讨论了图书馆的数量虽然减少了，借书的人少了，但是书却并没有消失。‎ ‎4．What is stressed by mentioning Matthew Battles?‎ A．The meaning of the American Dream.‎ B．The role of libraries in Americans' life.‎ C．The things people can learn in a library.‎ D．The decrease in the number of libraries.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，Matthew Battles强调了图书馆是机会之地，人们可以在图书馆中寻求自己的个人成功等，说明了图书馆对于人们的影响。‎ ‎5．What did people use to think about books?‎ A．Digital technology left books dying.‎ B．A lot of books were becoming rubbish.‎ C．Physical books took up too much space.‎ D．Books in libraries were better than ebooks.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“So much rubbish is said and written about the death of books. Five years ago, when Amazon ebook sales were higher than those of paperback copies, it was assumed the book was dying”可知，过去人们认为数字技术的出现，使得实体书快要灭亡了。‎ ‎6．How can the library gain its popularity again?‎ A．By offering readers better books.‎ B．By holding live events for readers.‎ C．By buying more books to fill its shelves.‎ D．By providing relaxed atmosphere for readers.‎ 解析：‎ 选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，在数字时代，图书馆要想重新恢复它是知识代表的称号，需要举办各种现场活动。‎ ‎7．What might be the most suitable title for the text?‎ A．Libraries are dying but not for books B．Libraries will have no physical books C．Libraries are not about books any more D．Libraries play new roles in modern times 解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要讨论了随着数字技术的发展，图书馆的作用似乎越来越小了，但是书并没有消亡。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎5 Ways Technology is Changing ‎ the Social Lives of Teenagers Technology allows teens to communicate with friends in new ways. Here are five ways technology is changing teenagers' friendships：‎ Teens are making new friends online.‎ In fact, 57% of teens have made new friends online. __1__ While in the past, teens were often limited to making friends from their schools or nearby towns, the Internet gives them access to other people all around the world.‎ Teens are more likely to text than talk.‎ Gone are the days of sitting at home waiting for the phone to ring. __2__ About 55% of teens text their friends on a daily basis, and only 19% talk on the phone every day. In addition to texting, teens are also using instant messaging, social media, email, and video chat to talk with their friends.‎ Online gaming promotes new friendships.‎ ‎78% of gamers say that gaming helps them feel more connected with their friends. __3__ Of the teens who have made friends online, 57% of ‎ those who said they developed their friendships by gaming were boys.‎ ‎__4__‎ Teens use social media to catch up with friends. Almost 75% of teens say they spend time with their friends on social media. They're able to communicate in real time and they discuss different types of topics online more often than they do in person.‎ Teens may struggle to read emotions (情感)．‎ ‎__5__ Lacking facetoface communication makes it difficult for teens to understand how others feel through their voice, body language, etc.‎ A．Teens hang out online.‎ B．Teens don't like facetoface communication.‎ C．In fact, most teens aren't even talking on the phone.‎ D．Boys are more likely to make new friends while gaming.‎ E．The digital world is transforming the way teens communicate.‎ F．Technology erases geographical limitation to new friendships.‎ G．Technology robs teens of the chance of facetoface communication.‎ ‎1．解析：选F　根据下一句中的“their schools or nearby towns”和“all around the world”可知，该空内容与交朋友和地域有关，由此可知F项正确。‎ ‎2．解析：选C　根据下句中的两个数字可知，该空要表达的意思是“事实上，大多数青少年甚至不在电话上交谈了”。‎ ‎3．解析：选D　根据下文的解释可知，此处应表达的意思是“男孩子更有可能通过玩游戏交新朋友”。‎ ‎4．解析：‎ 选A　根据下文提到的在网上与朋友交流的人数和交流的内容可知，青少年都在网上闲逛。‎ ‎5．解析：选G　根据下句可知，青少年总在网上交流，很难通过别人的声音、肢体语言理解他们的情感。这个问题主要是由科技使青少年失去了面对面交流的机会引起的。 由此可知，应选G项。‎