江西省赣州市2020届高三适应性考试（二模考试）英语试题 Word版含解析

江西省赣州市2020届高三适应性考试（二模考试）英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 赣州市 2020 年高三年级适应性英语试卷 （本卷满分 150 分，考试时间 120 分钟） 注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。 2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。 3. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和 阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the woman’s reaction to the hotel? A. She is in favor of it. B. She is interested in it. C. She is against building it. 2. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In the street. B. In a hotel. C. In a public house. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Life in Southeast Asia. B. Weather conditions. C. a holiday tour. 4. Why does the woman want to go to America? A. To take language courses. B. To attend a conference. C. To visit some friends. 5. What do we know about the speakers? A. They have been to Mexico. B. They are now travelling in Mexico. C. They painted some pictures in Mexico. 第二节听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选 项中选出最佳选项并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题， 每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6 至第 7 题。 6. Where does the conversation take place? - 2 - A. In a hospital. B. On a playground. C. In the man’s home. 7. What do we know about the man? A. He was knocked down in the street. B. He got injured in a football match. C. He was on the same team as Tom. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8 至第 10 题。 8. What did the man watch on TV? A. A play. B. An old film. C. A football game. 9. Why did the man miss the beginning of the film? A. He watched the football game first. B. He had dinner first. C. He talked with his wife first. 10. How did the man’s wife find the film? A. Amazing. B. Interesting. C. Disappointing. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 11 至第 13 题。 11. What did the man think of his staying in Spain? A. Great. B. Terrible. C. Challenging. 12. What is the weather like in Scotland? A. Cold and fine. B. Too hot but fine. C. Warm and fine. 13. Where does the man want to go next year? A. To Spain. B. To Scotland. C. To Australia. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 14 至第 16 题。 14. Why is the woman at the man’s door? A. To ask for help. B. To come for dinner. C. To invite the man for supper. 15. What’s wrong with the woman’s daughter? A. She’s running a fever. B. She’s having a bad cold. C. She’s having a bad cough. 16. What does the woman want the man to do? A. Go to the hospital with her. - 3 - B. Look after her daughter at the hospital. C. Watch over her baby at her home. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至第 20 题。 17. Who is the speaker talking to? A. Students who will spend the winter vacation in a foreign count. B. Students who will stay in the school during the winter vacation. C. Students who will do a project to computerize the library system. 18. What do the students have to do now? A. Fill out a form. B. Move to Bulter Hall. C. Clean the dormitory. 19. How long will most of the dormitories be closed? A. For about 5 days. B. For about 10 days. C. For about 15 days. 20. What will remain open as usual? A. The college store and the dining-halls. B. The library and the computer center. C. The post office and the college office. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 A About us Fables and Fairytales.com is a non-profit site for visitors from all over the world to share and read fables and fairy tales. Our main objective is to promote the importance of such stories in developing culture, imagination and creativity. We believe that reading the fables and fairy tales from different cultures allow us to build a greater understanding and appreciation of the diversity around the world. - 4 - We organise storytelling sessions around the world. Watch out for our monthly “Fable and Fairy Tale” writing competition for different age groups. We also run the permanent “Fable and Fairy Tales” museum in Hanau, Germany, at the home of the Brothers Grimm. Contact us at museumfablesandfairytales.com to arrange your visit! The museum is open to all individuals and school groups with a booking. A multilingual guide is available on request. No charges for guides and admissions but donations are much appreciated. Ongoing Event: Find a Storyteller Listen to a story come to life with some of best storytellers in the world. Choose from enthusiastic performers who will sing and act out a famous story for you, or an elderly grandmother who will charm the audience with her voice alone. We have more than 150 amateur and professional storytellers in our list. Join us as a storyteller! If you are passionate about being a storyteller, send us a video of a reading to storytellerfablesandfairytales.com. Most of our storytellers are amateurs who do it for the love of the stories. Some are professionals who do charge for their services. Do contact to find out the cost, if any, for their services. - 5 - Put up a great performance and we will include you in our list! 1. What is the main goal of Fables and Fairytales.com? A. It provides visitors with teaching resources. B. It promotes the reading of fables and fairy tales. C. It promotes various writing competitions around the world. D. It conducts tours and lessons at the Fables and Fairy Tales Museum. 2. How does the Fables and Fairy Tales Museum support itself? A. It charges for admissions and guides. B. It makes profits from advertisements. C. It receives money from the Brothers Grimm. D. It relies on the donations given by visitors to the Museum. 3. What can we learn about the storytellers? A. They get paid from the website by the hour. B. They are expected to be above sixty years old. C. They will receive professional training in acting. D. They are chosen by the videos they have provided. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 【解析】 本文是应用文，是 Fables and Fairytales.com 网站和博物馆的介绍，以及该网站招聘故事 讲述者的广告。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 About us 部分中第一段中“Fables and Fairytales.com is a non-profit site for visitors from all over the world to share and read fables and fairy tales.”Fables and Fairytales.com 网站供世界各地的访问者分享和阅读寓言和童话；第二 段“Our main objective is to promote the importance of such stories in developing culture, imagination and creativity.（我们的主要目标是宣传这些故事在发展文化、想 - 6 - 象力和创造力方面的重要性。）”。因此可知，Fables and Fairytales.com 网站的主要目的 是促进孩子阅读寓言和童话。故选 B 项。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据 About us 部分第五段中“No charges for guides and admissions but donations are much appreciated. （导游和入场费免费，但非常感谢捐款。）”可知，Fables and Fairy Tales 博物馆是依靠参观者的捐赠来得到支持的。故选 D 项。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据 Join us as a storyteller!部分中“If you are passionate about being a storyteller, send us a video of a reading to storytellerfablesandfairytales.com.”， 如果你热衷于成为一个故事讲述者，可以发送一个朗读的视频到网站。如果表现出色就会被 选上。因此可以推断，故事讲述者是根据提供的视频来进行挑选的。故选 D 项。 B Anyone who knew Jack knew him well. He was the first to hide under the bed covers every time the sky grew grey and thunder was heard in the distance. He was in great fear of storms. However, that day changed it all. With dark clouds in the morning, Jack was in the car with his sister, Emily, who was driving them home. Jack was holding the sides of his seat tightly. As a result, his knuckles (指关节) turned white. Suddenly, the treacherous road conditions sent the car into a slide. The vehicle went off the wet and slippery road, rolled several times and finally rest upside down. Fortunately, both of them were wearing seat belts. Head bleeding heavily, Emily was conscious but unable to move. Thankfully Jack was unhurt. Water poured through the broken windows of the car. Suddenly, Jack recalled something. He quickly unfastened the seat belt and moved out of the passenger window. With rain beating against his face and arms, Jack made his way to the driver’s side with great difficulty. He managed to pull her through the window. Suddenly, he felt a strong pain on his arms. It was only later that Jack realized the broken pieces of the window had cut them while he was pulling his sister through the window. Finally Jack dragged Emily up to the road. They were soon rescued. Emily later recalled her terrifying experience and was truly amazed by his courage. - 7 - Jack’s act of courage was motivated by his favourite book: The Little Engine That Could. In it, when everyone had given up hope, the Little Engine carried the heavy toys and candies over the hill to the children waiting on the other side. The Little Engine had shown courage and taken action. Obviously, we cannot attribute Jack’s bravery to that one story but without doubt, the book had left a deep impression on him and inspired him to respond positively in a difficult situation. 4. What made it difficult for Jack to go over to the driver’s side? A. His fear. B. The heavy rain. C. His injuries. D. The bad road condition. 5. What does the underlined word “treacherous” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Dangerous. B. Strange. C. Special. D. Fantastic. 6. How did Emily feel about Jack’s change? A. Annoyed. B. Embarrassed. C. Surprised D. Puzzled. 7. What can we infer about the book mentioned in the text? A. It was once a bestseller. B. It once inspired Emily. C. It was intended for kid. D. It was a horror story. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. C 【解析】 本文是记叙文。认识杰克的人都知道他非常害怕暴风雨。但是在一次大雨中，他勇敢地救出 了妹妹 Emily。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“With rain beating against his face and arms, Jack made his way to the driver’s side with great difficulty.”因为雨很大，雨水打在杰克的脸上 和手臂上，杰克过去到驾驶座那边就很困难。故选 B 项。 【5 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中划线词所在的句子“…road conditions sent the car into a slide. - 8 - The vehicle went off the wet and slippery road”，可知，路况不好，路面又湿又滑， 这样汽车就打滑。因此可以猜测“treacherous”意思为“危险的”。故选 A 项。 【6 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Emily later recalled her terrifying experience and was truly amazed by his courage.” Emily 真的被 Jack 的勇气惊呆了。surprised 与 amazed 是同义词。因此可知 Emily 对 Jack 的变化感到惊讶。故选 C 项。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中关于 Jack 最喜欢的书“The Little Engine That Could”的介绍 “In it, when everyone had given up hope, the Little Engine carried the heavy toys and candies over the hill to the children waiting on the other side.”，通过其中 “the heavy toys，candies，the children”等词可以看出，这本书是写给孩子看的。故选 C 项。 C Researchers in Japan have installed (安装) on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks. The country has been troubled by a problem with trains colliding with deer on its railways. According to Japan’s transport ministry, there were 613 cases of train services delayed for at least 30 minutes resulting from collisions with deer and other wild animals in 2018-19. Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick (舔) the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the action of wheels against tracks. This dietary need has led to a constant battle to keep the deer separate from the danger of a fast-moving train. In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks. This new device has been invented by a team at the country’s Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRD). RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to warn other deer when they sense danger. The barking of the hunting dog, which drives deer to panic, strengthens the effect of the warning noise, according to the RTRI. When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee - 9 - rapidly. RTRI researchers say late-night tests, at times when deer are most frequently seen by railway tracks, have resulted in a 45 percent reduction of deer sighting. Future plans include still barking sites where deer are commonly seen, but the unpleasant noises will not be so loud in areas where people live beside the tracks. 8. Why are deer attracted to train tracks? A. To get close to the passing trail. B. To get nutrition from train tracks. C. To hunt for food near the train tracks. D. To gather together at night near railways. 9. What has been tried to solve the railway problem in Japan? A. Robots. B. Hunting dogs. C. Lion face paintings. D. Specially designed tracks. 10. What do we know about the speaker? A. Its inventors drew inspiration from deer’s habit. B. It will be put to use in areas where deer appear. C. It will affect people who live beside the track. D. It has decreased more than half of deer sighting. 11. What is the passage mainly about? A. A dietary habit of deer. B. A traffic problem caused by deer. C. A battle between human and animals. D. An invention designed to keep deer off the tracks. 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 【解析】 本文是说明文。为了防止鹿撞上铁轨，日本的研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，发出像狗一样 吠叫、像鹿一样短而尖锐的声音。这样鹿感觉到危险时，就会惊慌地逃离。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Deer are attracted to railway lines because of a need for iron in their diets. They lick (舔) the rails to pick up iron filings caused by the - 10 - action of wheels against tracks（鹿被铁路线吸引是因为它们的饮食需要铁。它们舔那些 由于车轮与轨道的作用而产生的铁屑。）”可知，鹿被吸引到铁轨，是因为它们要从铁轨上获 取铁这种营养素。故选 B 项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In the past, flashing red lights and even lion faces have been unsuccessfully trialed in an attempt to keep deer off the tracks.”可知，日 本尝试过用狮子脸的画来让鹿远离铁轨，但是没有成功。故选 C 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“RTRI officials explain that deer have a habit of repeatedly snorting short, shrill sounds to warn other deer when they sense danger. …When the deer hear a combination of a 3-second-long recording of a deer’s snort and 20 seconds of a barking dog, they panic and flee rapidly.( RTRI 的官员解释说，鹿有一种习惯， 当它们感觉到危险时，会不断地用短而尖锐的声音来警告其他鹿。……当鹿听到 3 秒钟的鹿 发出的声音和 20 秒的狗叫声时，它们会惊慌并迅速逃离。)”，因此可以推断，研究人员在 火车上安装扬声器，是从鹿的习性中获得灵感。故选 A 项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。文章第一段是全文的主题段“Researchers in Japan have installed (安装) on a train a speaker that barks like a dog and snorts like a deer in order to prevent collisions with animals on the tracks.（日本的研究人员在火车上安装扬声器，发出的 声音像狗一样吠叫和像鹿一样发出的声音，是为了防止动物撞上铁轨。）”，下文说明发明这 种扬声器的原因和它的功效。因此文章是介绍了让鹿远离铁轨的一项发明。故选 D 项。 D Being able to tell human faces apart is a skill that almost every person has, although some are far better at it than others. But a new study out from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it. Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and-birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex, the part of the brain that - 11 - processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey out of the sky. They used this adaptation to have the fish spray water at a face on a monitor hanging over their tanks for a reward. Most of the fish were able to pick out their learned face, even when colors were taken away or methods were used to make the face shapes unclear. This study gives more backing to the hypothesis that differentiating between faces is not just a skill that big -brained organisms are born with. It is possible that a good portion of recognizing faces is learned over time. The development of the neocortex may contribute only to quickly process a large number of faces in varying situations. But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions. 12. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To improve a scientific experiment design. B. To present the differences between species. C. To clarify how animals tell human faces apart. D. To show animals can recognize human faces. 13. Why were the archerfish chosen as test subjects? A. They are cleverer than other species. B. They have sharp vision and hearing. C. They aren’t closely related to humans. D. They have a past history of identifying human faces. 14. What is the author’s attitude toward the study? A. Cautious. B. Negative. - 12 - C. Consistent. D. Sympathetic. 15. Which of the following is suggested for similar studies in the future? A. Including more test subjects. B. Enlarging the human faces. C. Employing more male researchers. D. Using black-and-white pictures. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类 所拥有的技能，鱼也能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过 程。作者对这项研究持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更 深层次的联系。 【12 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中 But a new study out from the journal Scientific Reports says that this is not just a skill that humans possess. Even fish can do it.可知但《科 学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，这不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能。甚至鱼也能做到。结合文 章说明了《科学报告》杂志的一项新研究表明，分辨人脸不仅仅是人类所拥有的技能，鱼也 能做到。文章说明了研究人员用射水鱼来进行研究的原因，以及试验过程。作者对这项研究 持谨慎态度，认为还需要做更多的工作来找到这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。由此 可推知，这篇文章的目的是表明动物可以识别人的脸。故选 D。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 Following up on research studying different species’ abilities to recognize human faces (sheep, dogs, cows, horses, and-birds have all been tried), the researchers from the University of Oxford and the University of Queensland decided to pick an animal that does not have an evolved neocortex, the part of the brain that processes sight and sounds, and does not have a close relationship with humans. That way, there would be no reason why these test subjects would have a past history of identifying human faces. So they picked the archerfish, a reef fish variety that shoots water into the air to knock its prey out of the sky. 可知继研究不同物种识别人脸的能力后（羊、狗、牛、马、鸟都试过），牛津大学和昆士兰大 学的研究人员决定选择一种没有进化的新皮层（大脑中处理视觉和声音的部分）、与人类关系 不密切的动物。这样一来，这些测试对象就没有理由会有过去识别人脸的历史。所以他们选 - 13 - 择了射水鱼，这是一种礁石鱼的品种，会向空中射水，把猎物打到天上去。由此可知，选择 射水鱼作为实验对象是因为他们和人类关系不是很密切。故选 C。 【14 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 But more work needs to be conducted to find a deeper link to this possible learned behavior. The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether. Also, the faces displayed on the monitor were only white, female faces from a German database, shown in a frontal view, with no expressions. Other animal trials have shown that some species, like pigeons, respond more to differing angles and varied expressions.可知但是还需要做更多的工作来找到 这种可能的习得行为的更深层次的联系。这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了 8 条鱼。 此外，显示器上显示的面孔都是来自德国数据库的白色女性面孔，以正面视图显示，没有表 情。其他的动物实验表明，一些物种，比如鸽子，对不同的角度和不同的表达有更多的反应。 由此可推知，作者对这项研究持谨慎态度。故选 A。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 The sample size of this study was very small—only eight fish were used altogether.可知这项研究的样本量非常小——总共只使用了 8 条鱼。由此 可推知，文章建议今后开展类似的研究时，应注意“包括更多的测试对象”。故选 A。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 As more work can be done online, more and more people have chance to work at home. On the surface, working from home sounds like a dream come true. ____16____ After all, there are countless distractions (分心的事物) at home. To help you plan for the real-life challenges, we’ve collected some tips for avoiding distractions. ____17____ Every job has a uniform. Uniforms serve two purposes: First, they communicate to the outside world a person’s position, stature and function. And second, they reinforce those same messages to the person wearing the uniform. When you work from home, dressing in your normal work uniform reinforces the idea that you are actually working. Keep a Consistent Schedule - 14 - Many of us are more productive when we are working within a certain framework. ____18____ If your job requires a lot of interaction with colleagues in a time zone, you should try your best to make your schedule consistent with their normal business hours. If your work is largely independent, you have the freedom to work earlier or later than the regular workday. Be Flexible with Your Family Time ____19____ Instead of working a straight daytime schedule of 9 to 5, divide the workday into two sections, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., then from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. With this schedule, you can be with the kids for a few hours when they get home from school, make dinner and eat together, then go back to the office for a few more hours in the evening. Have a Backup Plan When you work from home, you need a plan B for the unavoidable interruptions to your well-planned workflow. There are any number of mini-crises that can erupt at home: loss of power or Internet service, unscheduled playdates or a neighbor cutting down a tree a few feet from your office window. ____20____ It should be someplace close to your home with a reliable Internet connection where you can work in peace. A. Get up and get dressed. B. Be casual about your dress. C. You need an alternative workspace. D. But the reality is far more complex. E. It can be a friend’s apartment or a library. F. That’s why it’s so important to set and keep a schedule. G. This is a good tip for folks trying to work from home with school-age kids. 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. F 19. G 20. C 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。在家工作可能会遇到许多分心的事物，作者就如何避免分心给出了一些 建议。 【16 题详解】 根据前文“ On the surface, working from home sounds like a dream come true.”可知 - 15 - 从表面上看，在家工作就像美梦成真。根据后文“After all, there are countless distractions (分心的事物) at home. ”可知在家里会有无数让你分心的事物。这里前后文 在内容上形成了对比，前文说在家里工作看起来挺好，后文说家里有分心的事物，说明实际 上在家里工作没有表面上好。承上启下，D 项（但是现实要复杂得多）切题。故选 D 项。 【17 题详解】 本空要选一个小标题来概括第二段的内容。根据第二段中的“When you work from home, dressing in your normal work uniform reinforces the idea that you are actually working.”可知当你在家工作的时候，穿着工作服会强化你确实是在工作的想法。也就是说 作者提出的建议是穿工作服。A 项（起来，穿好衣服）切题，故选 A 项。 【18 题详解】 根据小标题 Keep a Consistent Schedule 可知这一段作者建议保持一个一致的时间表。根据 本段第一句话“Many of us are more productive when we are working within a certain framework. ”可知我们中的许多人当一个特定的框架内工作时会更多产。这里正好解释了为 什么作者会提出这种建议，连接上文，F 项（这就是为什么制定和遵守一个时间表是如此重要。） 切题。故选 F 项。 【19 题详解】 根据后文“Instead of working a straight daytime schedule of 9 to 5, divide the workday into two sections, from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., hours in the evening.”可知作者建议不要 一直朝九晚五地工作，把工作日分成两部分，从早上 9 点到下午 2 点，然后从晚上 7 点到 10 点。有了这个时间表，你可以在孩子放学回家后陪他们几个小时，一起做晚饭，一起吃饭， 然后在晚上回到办公室再花几个小时（工作）。G 项（对于那些想在家照顾学龄儿童的人来说， 这是一个很好的建议。）与小标题（灵活安排家庭时间）一致且与后文相呼应，故选 G 项。 【20 题详解】 根据小标题 Have a Backup Plan 可知作者建议要有一个后备计划。根据前文“There are any number of mini-crises that can erupt at home: loss of power or Internet service, unscheduled playdates or a neighbor cutting down a tree a few feet from your office window. ”可知家里可能会爆发许多小危机:停电或断网，计划外的娱乐活动，或者邻居砍倒 了离你办公室窗户几英尺远的一棵树。根据后文“It should be someplace close to your home with a reliable Internet connection where you can work in peace.”可知它应该离你 家很近，有可靠的网络连接，这样你可以安心工作。综合以上可知作者建议有一个备用的地 - 16 - 方来应对这些危机，C 项（你需要一个备用工作区）放在这里符合语境，后文的 it 就是指代 C 项中的“an alternative workspace.”。故选 C 项。 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 About a week after Glenda and Raphi Savitz welcomed their daughter Samantha to the world, they learned that she was deaf. “____21____, it was a surprise and a challenge,” Glenda says. “We knew we had to get ____22____ in the deaf community, learn about the culture, and learn American Sign Language (ASL).” What the new parents didn’t ____23____ was that their neighbors would start learning sign language, too. The Savitzes had moved to their ____24____ just three months earlier. It’s a place where people are ____25____ about being good neighbors. When young Samantha was out with her parents, neighbors like Jill McNeil were ____26____ that they couldn’t talk to her. “We really wanted to communicate with her,” says McNeil, “____27____ she couldn’t learn our language, we decided to learn hers.” McNeil and three other neighbors quietly ____28____ up for local adult education classes in American Sign Language. The classes have been such a ____29____ that the number of neighbors learning the language _____30_____ about 40. Learning ASL _____31_____ time. But McNeil says, “The classes are _____32_____. We have learned some _____33_____ to communicate with Samantha, who’s now a(n) _____34_____ and curious 3-year-old. But sometimes her parents have to _____35_____ for us because her fingers are very small right now and she signs very fast. We’re trying and we’re getting better.” As a result of that neighborly _____36_____, Samantha often moves with ease and stops in at neighbors’ homes just to draw pictures and chat. “It’s absolutely _____37_____ that she feels so at home and they’re signing to her,” says Raphi Savitz, “It’s like being surrounded by family. I couldn’t - 17 - think of a better _____38_____ for my daughter.” And they’re not the only ones who are grateful. “We are really enjoying the whole _____39_____ of the learning of ASL together. It’s made our neighborhood a _____40_____ place.” says McNeil. 21. A. Strangely B. Obviously C. Similarly D. Traditionally 22. A. changed B. trapped C. involved D. paid 23. A. know B. control C. intend D. care 24. A. department B. organization C. institution D. neighborhood 25. A. worried B. anxious C. confused D. serious 26. A. ashamed B. thrilled C. frustrated D. delighted 27. A. Since B. Until C. Although D. Unless 28. A. called B. signed C. kept D. set 29. A. balance B. blow C. shock D. hit 30. A. improves B. obtains C. reaches D. achieves 31. A. spends B. takes C. saves D. wastes 32. A. improving B. failing C. working D. beating 33. A. skills B. subjects C. passage D. mistakes 34. A. reliable B. faithful C. energetic D. greedy 35. A. perform B. examine C. act D. translate 36. A. request B. effort C. treatment D. effect 37. A. interesting B. amazing C. puzzling D. embarrassing 38. A. situation B. coach C. contribution D. purpose 39. A. construction B. progress C. reward D. process 40. A. closer B. cleaner C. quieter D. wider 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. - 18 - D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. A 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。在马萨诸塞州牛顿一个关系密切的社区里，很多居民都住在那里。萨曼 莎天生失聪，为了让失聪的女孩有宾至如归的感觉，许多邻居开始学习手语。 【21 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“显然，这是一件令人惊讶的事，也是一个挑战，”格伦达说。A. Strangely 奇怪地；B. Obviously 显然地；C. Similarly 相似地；D. Traditionally 传统地。 根据上文可知，格伦达的女儿失聪，这显然是一件令人惊讶的事，也是一个挑战。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们知道我们必须参与聋人社区，了解他们的文化，学习美国手 语（ASL）。A. changed 改变；B. trapped 困住；C. involved 使参与；D. paid 支付。根据 语境可知，格伦达的女儿失聪了，那么他们就必须参与聋人社区，了解他们的文化，学习美 国手语。get involved in“参与”。故选 C。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对新父母不知道的是，他们的邻居也开始学习手语。A. know 知 道；B. control 控制；C. intend 打算；D. care 关心。这对新父母因为孩子失聪才开始接触 聋人社区、学习手语，因此他们不知道他们的邻居也开始学习手语。故选 A。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Savitzes 一家三个月前才搬到他们的社区。A. department 部门； B. organization 组织；C. institution 机构；D. neighborhood 社区。根据下文 It’s a place where people are ____5____ about being good neighbors.可知，Savitzes 一家搬到他们 的社区。故选 D。 【25 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个人们对成为好邻居很认真的地方。A. worried 担心的； B. anxious 焦虑的；C. confused 困惑的；D. serious 认真的。根据下文内容可知，这里的 人们对成为好邻居很认真。故选 D。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当小萨曼莎和父母外出时，像吉尔·麦克尼尔这样的邻居们都 - 19 - 很沮丧，因为他们不能和她说话。A. ashamed 羞愧的；B. thrilled 非常兴奋的；C. frustrated 沮丧的；D. delighted 高兴的。根据下文 they couldn’t talk to her.可知，邻居们因为 不能和小萨曼莎说话，所以感到很沮丧。故选 C。 【27 题详解】 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：“我们真的很想与她沟通，”麦克内尔说，“因为她不能学习 我们的语言,我们决定学她的。”A. Since 因为；B. Until 直到；C. Although 尽管；D. Unless 除非。根据语境可知，前后句意是因果关系，应使用 since 引导。故选 A。 【28 题详解】 考查动词（短语）词义辨析。句意：麦克内尔和其他三个邻居悄悄地报名参加了当地的美国 手语成人教育课程。A. called (up)打电话；B. signed (up)报名，注册；C. kept (up)保 持；D. set (up)建立。根据下文 local adult education classes in American Sign Language 可知，此处指他们报名参加了当地的美国手语成人教育课程。故选 B。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些课程非常受欢迎，学习这门语言的邻居已达 40 人左右。A. balance 平衡；B. blow 吹；C. shock 震惊；D. hit 很受欢迎的人或事。根据空后 about 40 可知，学习这门语言的邻居已达 40 人左右，由此可知，这些课程非常受欢迎。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些课程非常受欢迎，学习这门语言的邻居已达 40 人左右。A. improves 发展；B. obtains 获得；C. reaches 达到；D. achieves 获得。根据空后 about 40 可知，学习这门语言的邻居已达 40 人左右。故选 C。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学习美国手语需要时间。A. spends 花费（人做主语）；B. takes 花费，耗费（事做主语）；C. saves 节约；D. wastes 浪费。根据常识可知，学习美国手语需 要时间。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些课程正在起作用。A. improving 发展；B. failing 失败；C. working 起作用；D. beating 打击。根据下文 We have learned some ____13____ to communicate with Samantha 可知，这些课程正在起作用。故选 C。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们学会了一些与萨曼莎交流的技巧，她现在是一个充满活力和 - 20 - 好奇心的 3 岁孩子。A. skills 技能；B. subjects 科目；C. passage 文章；D. mistakes 错 误。根据语境可知，此处指学会了一些与萨曼莎交流的技巧。故选 A。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们学会了一些与萨曼莎交流的技巧，她现在是一个充满活力 和好奇心的 3 岁孩子。A. reliable 可靠的；B. faithful 忠实的；C. energetic 充满活力的； D. greedy 贪婪的。根据空后 curious 3-year-old 及常识可知，这个 3 岁的孩子充满活力和 好奇。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但有时她的父母必须为我们翻译，因为她的手指很小，她的手势 很快。A. perform 表现；B. examine 检查；C. act 行动，表现；D. translate 翻译。根据 下文 because her fingers are very small right now and she signs very fast 及常识可 知，有时候，邻居们不能明白萨曼莎的意思，需要她的父母给他们翻译一下。故选 D。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于邻居们的努力，萨曼塔经常很轻松地搬到邻居家去画画和聊 天。A. request 要求；B. effort 努力；C. treatment 治疗；D. effect 效果。根据上文内 容可知，邻居们都在努力地帮助萨曼塔。故选 B。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“她感觉像在家里一样，他们还在给她签名，这太不可思议 了，”Raphi Savitz 说，“就像被家人包围着一样。对我女儿来说，我想不出更好的处境了。”A. interesting 有趣的；B. amazing 令人惊奇的；C. puzzling 令人困惑的；D. embarrassing 令人尴尬的。根据语境可知，此处指“这是一种令人惊异的事情”。故选 B。 【38 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“她感觉像在家里一样，他们还在给她签名，这太不可思议 了，”Raphi Savitz 说，“就像被家人包围着一样。对我女儿来说，我想不出更好的处境了。”A. situation 处境；B. coach 教练；C. contribution 奉献；D. purpose 目的。根据语境可知， 此处指“我想不出更好的处境了”。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们真的很享受一起学习手语的整个过程。A. construction 建设； B. progress 进步；C. reward 奖励；D. process 过程。根据上文 Learning ASL ____11____ time.可知，学习美国手语需要时间，大家很享受这个一起学习的过程。故选 D。 - 21 - 【40 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我们的社区成为一个更亲密的地方了。A. closer 更亲密的； B. cleaner 更干净的；C. quieter 更安静的；D. wider 更宽的。根据语境可知，McNeil 的 邻居们都很尽力地帮助他们一家人，这使得这个社区里的人们之间的关系更加亲密了。故选 A。 【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要 遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第 9 小题，根据下文 local adult education classes in American Sign Language 可知，此处指他们报名参加了当地的美国手语成人教育 课程。A. called (up)打电话；B. signed (up)报名，注册；C. kept (up)保持；D. set (up) 建立。句意：麦克内尔和其他三个邻居悄悄地报名参加了当地的美国手语成人教育课程。故 选 B。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has ambitious plans to reduce single-use plastics by 2025. China’s National Development and Reform Commission is taking a number of measures ____41____ (design) to cut the production and use of plastics over the next five years. At the end of 2020,non- Biodegradable (非生物降解的) plastic bags ____42____ (ban) in supermarkets and malls in major cities. The ban will also apply ____43____ food delivery services, which use vast amounts of the plastics. Food delivery and takeaway services will stop ____44____ (use)single-use plastic straws and cutlery (餐具) nationwide. China will encourage ____45____ use of alternative materials such as non-plastic products and biodegradable shopping bags. Single-use plastics are one of the world’s ____46____ (big) sources of plastic pollution. They ____47____ (become) a part of daily life and a part of our throwaway culture for decades. China set a goal of reducing overconsumption in order to get rid of our reliance on single-use plastics. Previous regulations on plastic use, in 2008, cut production of ____48____ (rough) 67 billion plastic bags. The United Nations said it’s urgent that all countries adopt ____49____ (policy) similar to those China is introducing. It said the world cannot cope with the amount of plastic waste we produce. ____50____ we must rethink is the way we manufacture, use and manage plastics. 【答案】41. designed - 22 - 42. will be banned 43. to 44. using 45. the 46. biggest 47. have become 48. roughly 49. policies 50. What 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了中国国家发展和改革委员会正在采取一系列措施，旨在在未来 五年内减少塑料的生产和使用。到 2020 年底，主要城市的超市和商场将禁止使用不可降解的 塑料袋。该禁令也将适用于使用大量塑料的食品配送服务。这一举措也得到了联合国的认可。 【41 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，可知 design 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语 measures 构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填 designed。 【42 题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。根据上文 At the end of 2020 可知应用一般将来时，且主语与谓语动 词构成被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 will be banned。 【43 题详解】 考查介词。句意：该禁令也将适用于使用大量塑料的食品配送服务。结合句意表示“适用于”， 短语为 apply to。故填 to。 【44 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国范围内，食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性塑料吸管和餐具。 表示“停止（正在做的）某事”应用 stop doing sth.。故填 using。 【45 题详解】 考查冠词。句意：中国将鼓励使用非塑料产品和可降解购物袋等替代材料。use 为名词，此处 表示特指“替代材料”的使用，应用定冠词 the。故填 the。 【46 题详解】 考查最高级。句意：一次性塑料是世界上最大的塑料污染源之一。结合句意表示“世界上最 大的”，应用形容词最高级。故填 biggest。 【47 题详解】 - 23 - 考查动词时态。根据后文 for decades 可知应用现在完成时，且主语为 they，故助动词用 have。 故填 have become。 【48 题详解】 考查副词。句意：2008 年出台的有关塑料使用的规定，减少了大约 670 亿个塑料袋的生产。 此处修饰后文 67 billion，应用副词 roughly，表示“大约”。故填 roughly。 【49 题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：联合国表示，当务之急是所有国家都采取类似中国的政策。policy 为 可数名词，前面没有冠词，故应用复数形式。故填 policies。 【50 题详解】 考查连接词。句意：我们必须重新思考的是我们制造、使用和管理塑料的方式。此处为主语 从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代“必须重新思考的事情”，应用 what 引导，句首字母要大写。 故填 What。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 It was a nice day on last Sunday. At 8:00 am, we gather at the foot of Saibai Mountain in Anyuan county and set out for the top in high spirit. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoyed the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind, others will come and offer help. To our excitement, we all finally reached the top about 3 hours late. Bathed in the sunshine, they jumped and cheered joyfully. Though we were tiring, we were all impressed by this experience. Not only it get us close to nature, it also promoted the friendship among us. How a wonderful time! 【答案】1. 去掉 on - 24 - 2. gather→gathered 3.spirit→spirits 4.enjoyed→enjoying 5.will→would 6. late→later 7.they→we 8.tiring→tired 9.only 后加 did 10.How→What 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者他们上周日去爬山的经历。 【详解】1.考查固定短语。句意：上周日天天气很好。表示“上周日”短语为 last Sunday， 前面不需要介词。故去掉 on。 2.考查动词时态。事情发生在上周日，故应用一般过去时。故 gather 改为 gathered。 3.考查名词的数。句意：早上 8 点，我们在 Anyuan 县 Saibai 山山脚下集合，兴高采烈地向 山顶出发。表示“兴高采烈地”短语为 in high spirits。故 spirit 改为 spirits。 4.考查动词时态。此处 enjoy 与上文 All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing 构成并列谓语，故应用过去进行时。故 enjoyed 改为 enjoying。 5.考查动词时态。事情发生在上周日，故此处表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作 或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故 will 改为 would。 6.考查副词。句意：令我们兴奋的是，大约 3 个小时后我们终于到达了山顶。表示“……之 后”结构为“一段时间+later”。故 late 改为 later。 7.考查代词。句意：沐浴在阳光下，我们高兴地又跳又欢呼。根据上文 we all finally reached the top 可知此处表示“我们”应用代词 we。故 they 改为 we。 8.考查形容词。此处修饰人做表语应用-ed 结尾形容词 tired，表示“疲惫的”，tiring 表示 “累人的”。故 tiring 改为 tired。 9.考查倒装句。句意：它不仅使我们接近自然，也促进了我们之间的友谊。not only 位于句 首时，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式，此处谓语动词为 get，故需要添加助动词， 且事情发生在过去，故应在 only 后添加助动词 did。故 only 后加 did。 - 25 - 10.考查连接词。句意：多么美好的时光啊！分析句子结构可知此处为感叹句，感叹句后接名 词 time 应用 what， how 用于感叹句后接形容词或副词。故 How 改为 What。 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友 David 来信说在学汉语时遇到一个不懂的词语——愚公移山。 请你写封回信简述这个成语故事及其寓意。 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear David, I’m glad to hear from you. And I’m particularly delighted that you still keep on learning Chinese. As for the expression “yugongyishan”, it is one of the hundreds of Chinese idioms, which are rich and widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. Behind the idiom there is an interesting story. It goes like this: once upon a time an old man called Yu Gong lived in front of two high mountains, which caused his family great inconvenience. So he decided to move them away by using hoes and baskets. Day after day, year after year, Yu Gong and his family carried on until one day God heard about it and was so moved by his determination that he sent his two sons to take the two mountains away. This idiom is saying that with determination, anything can be achieved. In my view, it is sort of similar to the saying--where there is a will, there is a way. Best wishes! Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 26 - 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信。向美国朋友 David 简述“愚公移山”这个成 语的故事及其寓意。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般过去时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1.简述“愚公移山”的故事 2.介绍“愚公移山”的寓意 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） Hear from; be delighted that; expression; Chinese idioms; an interesting story; like; once upon a time ;in front of; inconvenience; move away; carry on; determination; takeaway; In my view; be similar to. 第三步：连词成句 I’m glad to hear from you. I’m particularly delighted that you still keep on learning Chinese. As for the expression “yugongyishan”, it is one of the hundreds of Chinese idioms, which are rich and widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. Behind the idiom there is an interesting story. It goes like this: once upon a time an old man called Yu Gong lived in front of two high mountains, which caused his family great inconvenience. He decided to move them away by using hoes and baskets. Day after day, year after year, Yu Gong and his family carried on until one day God heard about it and was so moved by his determination that he sent his two sons to take the two mountains away. This idiom is saying that with determination, anything can be achieved. In my view, it is sort of similar to the saying--where there is a will, there is a way. - 27 - 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中写了一些复杂句，如：As for the expression “yugongyishan”, it is one of the hundreds of Chinese idioms, which are rich and widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 和 It goes like this: once upon a time an old man called Yu Gong lived in front of two high mountains, which caused his family great inconvenience. 这两句话都运用了 which 引导的非限定性定语从句；Yu Gong and his family carried on until one day God heard about it and was so moved by his determination that he sent his two sons to take the two mountains away.使用了 until 引导的时间状语从句和 sothat 句 型。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 28 -