2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十六)理清段落结构之四总结

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十六)理清段落结构之四总结

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(三十六) 理清段落结构之四总结 具有总结性段落的标志词(句)有：‎ ‎1．一般情况下出现the research/report indicates, the research/report suggests等类似的结论建议性表达方式时，表明此处为文中提及的实验和研究的结果或作者要阐明论证的结果。‎ ‎2．转折词：一般而言，作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，如but, yet, however。需要注意的是转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常常是文章主旨的关键所在。‎ ‎3．其他常见标志性词(句)：on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion that ...; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that ...; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer ...‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•D篇 So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ 以转折词but作出总结 ‎[高考典例2]　2018•江苏卷•D篇 However, the research — involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 — suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.‎ 以However作出总结 ‎[高考典例3]　2017•北京卷•阅读七选五 Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. “You keep what matters，” Tononi says.‎ 以suggests作出总结 ‎[高考典例4]　2015•广东卷•完形填空 On the whole, our population is getting older.The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see chances, not disaster.Today, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in mind if not in age.‎ 以短语on the whole作出总结 ‎[高考典例5]　2013•浙江卷•D篇 As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”‎ 以短语in short作出总结 ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 You have just won five million yuan in a lottery (彩票) — how would you spend it? Before you know it, ten minutes has gone on daydreaming.There is a time and a place for daydreaming, but we don’t have much control over that.Isn’t it worrying that an estimated 30 to 50 percent of our waking time is spent daydreaming? What if your dentist is having that lottery daydream while removing your rotten tooth?‎ Some studies suggest daydreaming makes us unhappy because we are not focusing on what is around us but are instead thinking about the past or future.However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologia finds that mindwandering can be of benefit to us.The researchers measured the brain patterns of more than 100 people using an MRI (核磁共振成像) scanner.This data was compared with tests on creative ability and a questionnaire on how much their minds usually wandered.Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests and had more efficient brain systems measured in the MRI machine.‎ Being efficient at mindwandering means you can_zone_out and then naturally tune back in without missing any important point or step.Christine Godwin, the lead author of the latest study from the Georgia Institute of Technology, says that if you are focusing on difficult tasks, your performance will drop if your mind wanders.But when tasks are easy, people who have high cognitive ability can let their minds wander because it does not affect their performance.You may be thinking about upcoming goals or problemsolving.These are some of the positive sides to mindwandering.‎ Mindwandering can vary between being more practical or more emotional.What mindwandering seems to be best at, researchers say, is coming up with new solutions to old problems.So, it’s not always a waste of time!‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.‎ A．explanation　　　　　　 　B．introduction C．comment D．background 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段引出了“做白日梦”即思维漫游这个话题，故选B项。‎ ‎2．The study published in Neuropsychologia shows that ________.‎ A．daydreaming makes us unhappy B．we are focusing on the past or future C．mindwandering is related to creative ability D．the MRI scanner is helpful in measuring the brain patterns 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, a recent study ...Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests”可知，《神经心理学》杂志上发表的一项研究发现，思维漫游对人们有好处，那些思维漫游最多的人在创造力测试中得分更高，故C项“思维漫游和创造力有关”符合文意。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Get distracted. B．Focus on.‎ C．Be affected. D．Have control.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“and then naturally tune back in without missing any important point or step(然后自然地调整回来，而不遗漏任何重要的观点或步骤)”可知，zone out意为“走神，分心”，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Mindwandering might be dangerous.‎ B．Daydreaming might bring benefits.‎ C．Mindwandering is not a waste of time.‎ D．Daydreaming is hard to be controlled.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologica finds that mindwandering can be of benefit to us.”可知，“做白日梦”即思维漫游对人们有好处。故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•石家庄市重点中学高三摸底)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A woman — in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance — had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__.She couldn’t move the car in any __3__ without damaging it.A couple of people tried to __4__ the car back but the obstacles were too high.Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left.The woman in the car tried to __5__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.‎ While watching the other people __6__.I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __7__ that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking, she __8__ me to sit inside her car.‎ I wasn’t in a hurry, so I __9__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __10__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__.But actually it wasn’t too much trouble __12__ they could still pass, and also there wasn’t anything she could do about it __13__. We laughed and __14__ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.‎ Finally __15__ came and helped her back on the street. She __16__ me and asked for my phone number so she could return the __17__， but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much __18__ when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __19__ can make a lot of__20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。‎ ‎1．A.signal B．way C．time D．help 解析：选B　一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to ...“让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。‎ ‎2．A.stuck B．broken C．dirty D．abandoned 解析：选A　根据下文“She couldn’t move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能移动。‎ ‎3．A.sense B．minute C．direction D．line 解析：选C　在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。‎ ‎4．A.lift B．hold C．pull D．drive 解析：选A　根据上文“She couldn’t move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。‎ ‎5．A.offer B．seek C．refuse D．take 解析：选B　那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些能提供帮助的服务。‎ ‎6．A.shout B．discuss C．stand D．leave 解析：选D　根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。‎ ‎7．A.amazing B．pleasant C．uneasy D．incredible 解析：选C　根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)。‎ ‎8．A.forced B．invited C．ordered D．allowed 解析：选B　根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的车里。‎ ‎9．A.consulted B．warned C．advised D．informed 解析：选D　根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者是告知(informed)家人一些情况。‎ ‎10．A.persuade B．comfort C．frighten D．satisfy 解析：选B　根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她。‎ ‎11．A.trouble B．disbelief C．anxiety D．embarrassment 解析：选A　根据下文中的“But actually it wasn’t too much trouble __12__ they could still pass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。‎ ‎12．A.though B．until C．since D．unless 解析：选C　根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.anyway B．therefore C．still D．somehow 解析：选A　根据上文“She couldn’t move the car in any __3__ without damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。‎ ‎14．A.remembered B．realized C．thought D．joked 解析：选D　由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。‎ ‎15. A．news B．my partner C．assistance D．an ambulance 解析：选C　根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。‎ ‎16．A.greeted B．thanked C．accepted D．attracted 解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢 ‎(thanked)作者。‎ ‎17．A.car B．company C．favor D．picnic 解析：选C　根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。‎ ‎18．A.nervous B．unwilling C．disappointed D．better 解析：选D　根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.alone B．bravely C．bitterly D．directly 解析：选A　根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变得好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。‎ ‎20．A.decision B．fortune C．choice D．difference 解析：选D　根据上文可知，作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 When I was a university student, I __1__ (attract) by the Chinese.So I got a job as a teacher in Wuhan three years ago.__2__ (think) back, I realize it was the students I met in the first year and Chinese university life in general __3__ gave me the deepest impression.‎ During my schooldays, I would rarely give up my spare time to any activity __4__ (connect) with study.Unless exams were approaching, my weekends were devoted to having fun or perhaps a parttime job.My Chinese classmates, __5__ the other hand, seemed to spend their entire waking hours studying.I understand that competition in Chinese universities is extremely fierce.Nonetheless, their energy and motivation put __6__ (I) to shame.‎ My first year in China was also my first year as a teacher.It was both challenging __7__ rewarding.One thing I know for certain is that my year in Wuhan helped me change for the __8__ (good)．Thanks to the politeness and __9__ (warm) of Chinese students, I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more selfconfident.Most __10__ (important), I met dozens of nice people and made many excellent friends.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者三年前来到武汉，并成为一名老师。中国学生以及中国的大学生活令作者印象深刻。在中国的教学经历也使作者自身得到提升和改变。‎ ‎1．was attracted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语I与动词attract之间为被动关系，所以空处应用被动语态；结合时间状语从句“When I was a university student”可知，此处叙述的是过去的情况，故所填谓语动词用一般过去时，故此处填was attracted。‎ ‎2．Thinking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，I与动词think之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎与谓语动词realize所表示的动作同时发生，故此处应用动词ing形式，故此处填Thinking。‎ ‎3．that　考查强调句型。谓语动词realize之后所接的是省略that的宾语从句，而该从句属于强调句型，所强调的部分是“the students I met ...in general”，包含人和事物，所以空处应填that。‎ ‎4．connected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词connect与activity之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用connect的过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎5．on　考查介词。由语境可知，此处表示两种情况的对比，应用介词on, on the other hand为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。‎ ‎6．me　考查代词。所填词作动词的宾语，故用人称代词I的宾格形式me。‎ ‎7．and　考查连词。此处表示“这既具有挑战性又有意义”。both ...and ...意为“既……又……”。‎ ‎8．better　考查形容词比较级。结合下文中的“I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more selfconfident”可知，此处指的是“在武汉的这一年使我变得更好”，故用better。‎ ‎9．warmth　考查名词。thanks to为介词短语，其后可接名词作宾语，再结合“politeness and”可知，空处应填warmth。‎ ‎10．importantly　考查副词。结合语境可知，此处表示“最重要的是”，修饰整个句子，应用副词，故此处应填importantly。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•成都市毕业班摸底)It was my birthday and I was looking forward to see my friends.We were meeting at my favorite Italian restaurant.I was exciting and got to a restaurant at exactly 7 o’clock.I looked around for a familiar face but failed.I decided not to wait for him patiently.The restaurant quickly filled up with customer, but none of them were my friends.I called Lily, but she didn’t answer.I felt lonely and sadly.My friends had forgotten my birthday.I went home, opened the door and walk into the dark house.Suddenly the lights went off and my friends jumped up and shouted “Surprise！” They hadn’t forgotten, it was the best birthday ever.‎ 答案：第一句：see→seeing 第三句：exciting→excited; a→the 第五句：去掉not; him→them 第六句：customer→customers 第八句：sadly→sad 第十句：walk→walked 第十一句：off→on 第十二句：it前加and