【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题10篇训练之二（含有解析）学案（20页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题10篇训练之二（含有解析）学案（20页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文典题10篇训练之二 ‎【一】‎ A build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇ 5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.‎ ‎ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.‎ ‎ Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. ‎ ‎ The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. ‎ ‎32. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?‎ A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.‎ C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.‎ ‎33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. The tube. B. The still.‎ C. The hole. D. The cup.‎ ‎34. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?‎ A. Dig a hole of a certain size. B. Put the cup in place.‎ C. Weight the sheet’s center down. D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.‎ ‎35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup form .‎ A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet ‎【答案】‎ ‎32.D ‎33.B 推理判断题。根据Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是退一步讲，就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。‎ ‎34.C 细节题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去”，故选C。‎ ‎35.D 推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on ‎ the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。‎ ‎【二】‎ San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour ‎ Running: February 1st through April 30th ‎ This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price)‎ ‎ Departing from the Cannery: Tell time upon request.‎ ‎ Duration(时长)：2 hours ‎ Price: $90‎ Back to the Fifties Tour ‎ Running: August 16th through August 31st ‎ This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.‎ ‎ Departing form the Cannery 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm ‎ ‎ Duration:2 hours ‎ Price:$90[来源:学科网ZXXK]‎ Spooky Halloween Tour Running: October 10th through October 31st ‎ Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district .Authentic fire gear （服装）is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco ‎ Departing from the Cannery:6:30 pm and 8:30 pm ‎ Duration :1 hour and 30 minutes ‎ Price: Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour ‎ Running: December 6th through December 23nd ‎ This tractive four takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.‎ ‎ Departing from the Cannery 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm ‎ Duration: I hour and 30 minutes ‎ Advance reservations required.‎ ‎21.Which of the tours is available in March?‎ A.San Francisco Winery Tour.‎ B.Back to the Fifties Tour.‎ C.Spooky Hallowen Tour.‎ D.Holiday Lights Tour.‎ ‎22.What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours?‎ A.Go to Treasure Island.‎ B.Enjoy the holiday scenes.‎ C.Have free ice cream.‎ D.Visit the Presidio district.‎ ‎23.What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour?[来源:学.科.网]‎ A.Take some drinks.‎ B.Set off early in the morning.‎ C.Wear warm clothes.‎ D.Make reservations in advance.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了圣弗朗西斯科的四个旅游活动和路线。‎ ‎21-23ACD ‎【三】‎ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the ‎ park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.‎ As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ ‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone.Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red fores have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎28.What is the text mainly about?‎ A. Wildlife research in the United States.‎ B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎29.What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ A. Tested. B. Separated. C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.‎ ‎30.What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？‎ A. Damage to local ecology. B. A decline in the park’s income.‎ C. Preservation of vegetation. D. An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎31.What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？‎ A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。因为人类活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。‎ 28. D。29.C ‎30. A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地生态的破坏.‎ ‎31. B推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广的。‎ ‎【四】‎ The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.‎ ‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.‎ ‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.‎ ‎ These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving ‎ their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”‎ ‎ “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”‎ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems. “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.‎ ‎ “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”‎ ‎32.What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?‎ A.To explore new-means of transport.‎ B.To design new types of cars.‎ C.To find out older driver`s problems.‎ D.To teach people traffic rules.‎ ‎33.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?‎ A.It keeps them independent.‎ B.It helps them save time.‎ C.It builds up their strength.‎ D.It cures their mental illnesses.‎ ‎34.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?‎ A.Improve their driving skills.‎ B.Develop driver-assist technology.‎ C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.‎ D.Organize regular physical checkups.‎ ‎35.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.A new Model Electric Car B.A Solution to Traffic Problem C.Driving Service for elders D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road ‎33. A推理判断题。根据第四段中 Phil Blythe所说的内容 “driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others”可知，在Phil Blythe看来，能够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活的重要条件。‎ ‎34. B推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。‎ ‎35. D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。‎ ‎【五】‎ Inspiring young minds!‎ ‎ TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing, bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.‎ What’s inside?‎ ‎ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make — the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life.‎ What is so special about TOKNOW magazine? ‎ ‎ Well, it has no ads or promotions inside— ‎ instead it is jam-packed with serious ideas. ‎ TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and ‎ accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy（哲学）—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.‎ Sounds too good to be true?‎ ‎ Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.‎ Happy Birthday All Year!‎ ‎ What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month? The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.‎ SUBSCRIBE NOW ‎□Annual Subscription ‎ Europe £55 Rest of World £65‎ ‎□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack ‎ Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription ‎ Europe £60 Rest of World £70‎ Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.‎ ‎59. Why is TOKNOW a special magazine?‎ A. It entertains young parents.‎ B. It provides serious advertisements.‎ C. It publishes popular science fictions.‎ D. It combines fun with complex concepts.‎ ‎60. What does TOKNOW offer its readers?‎ A. Online courses.‎ B. Articles on new topics.‎ C. Lectures on a balanced life.‎ D. Reports on scientific discoveries.‎ ‎61. How much should you pay if you make a 12-mouth subscription to TOKNOW with gift pack from China?‎ A. £55. B. £60. C. £65. D. £70.‎ ‎62. Subscribers of TOKNOW would get .‎ A. free birthday presents B. full refund within 28 days C. membership of the TOKNOW club D. chances to meet the experts in person ‎59.D。‎ ‎60.细节理解题。根据第二个方框内Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make可知杂志每个月都会引入一个新观点，并配有文章，实验等，所以答案为B。[来源:学科网]‎ ‎61.细节理解题。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack所在部Includes a Mammoth Map, a passport Puzzle Booklet, and Subscription Europe £60 Rest of World £70，中国属于Rest of World，故是£70，答案为D。‎ ‎62.细节理解题。根据最后一句话Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.可知订阅可在28天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。‎ ‎【六】‎ Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.‎ The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.‎ That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to ‎ Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.‎ Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.‎ ‎63．The first two paragraphs suggest that ____________.‎ A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention ‎ C．anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons D．information about measles spreads quickly ‎64．Herd immunity works well when ____________.‎ A．exemptions are allowed B．several vaccines are used together C．the whole neighborhood is involved in ‎ D．new regulations are added to the state laws ‎65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?‎ A．The overuse of vaccine.‎ B．The lack of medical care.‎ C．The features of measles itself.‎ D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.‎ ‎66．What is the purpose of the passage?‎ A．To introduce the idea of exemption.‎ B．To discuss methods to cure measles.‎ C．To stress the importance of vaccination.‎ D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.‎ ‎【答案】63 A 64 C 65 D 66 C ‎64.细节理解题。根据第三段But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.可知只有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，因此答案选C。‎ ‎65.推理判断题。根据第一段But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。‎ ‎66.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]‎ ‎【七】‎ ‎ Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”‎ ‎ A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. ‎ ‎ The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.‎ ‎ Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the ‎ goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.‎ ‎67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .‎ A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician ‎68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .‎ A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independently C. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in international chess matches ‎69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .‎ A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beings C. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots’ affecting the world ‎70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?‎ A. It will disappear with the development of AI.‎ B. It will get worse with human interference.‎ C. It will be solved but with difficulty.‎ D. It will stay for a decade. ‎ ‎【答案】67 A 68 A 69 D 70 C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：本文主要介绍了人工智能，它会给我们的生活带来什么样的影响。[来源:学科网]‎ ‎67.推理判断题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。‎ ‎68.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。‎ ‎【八】‎ Suppose you’re in a rush, feeling tired, not paying attention to your screen, and you send an email that could get you in trouble.‎ Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked “send”. You freeze in horrors and burn with shame.‎ What to do? Here are four common email accidents, and how to recover.‎ Clicking “send” too soon Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receivers has read it yet. Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.‎ Writing the wrong time The sooner you notice, the better. Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offered, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(I.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).‎ Clicking “reply all” unintentionally You accidentally reveal(透露)to entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner, or what holiday you’d like to take. In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness. But it can quickly rise to something worse, when everyone starts hitting “reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation. In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.‎ Sending an offensive message to it’s subject The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity tic hear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎36. After realizing an email accident, you are likely to feel _______.‎ ‎ A. curious B. tired C. awful D. funny ‎ ‎37. If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to ________.‎ A. apologise in a serious manner B. tell the receiver to ignore the error C. learn to write the name correctly D. send a short notice to everyone ‎38. What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your “reply all” email?‎ A. Try offering other choices.‎ B. Avoid further involvement.‎ C. Meet other staff members.‎ D. Make a light-hearted apology.‎ ‎39. How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?‎ A. By promising not to offend the receiver again.‎ B. By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.[来源:Z,xx,k.Com]‎ C. By asking the receiver to control his anger.‎ D. By talking to the receiver face to face.‎ ‎40. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. Defining email errors.‎ B. Reducing email mistakes.‎ C. Handling email accidents.‎ D. Improving email writing.‎ ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。‎ ‎36.【答案】C考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎37.【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】试题分析：根据第二个标题句Writing the wrong time后面内容Respond quickly and briefly, apologizing for your mistake. Keep the tone measured: don’t handle it too lightly, as people can be offered, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(I.e. incorrect ordering of Chinese names).可以拍判断出：你在邮件上写错了名字，最好以认真的方式道歉，故选A。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎38.【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：根据第三标题句Clicking “reply all” unintentionally下面内容的最后一句话：In this instance, step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down在这种情况下，远离键盘让大家冷静下来，即避免进一步的牵涉。故选B。考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎39.【答案】D[【解析】试题分析：据最后最后一个标题句下面内容In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry，在这种情况下尽快的去当面说声和道歉，故选D。‎ 考点：考查细节理解。‎ ‎40.【答案】C考点：考查主旨大意。‎ ‎【九】‎ Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Adrances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call ‎ within a few days of entering the world.‎ ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their errs, when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—around that served as their regular “feed me!” call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ ‎ It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn.” As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?” Kleindorfer asks.” Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ ”.‎ ‎ A. be the worst B. be the best C. be the as bad D. be just as good ‎59.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?‎ ‎ A. Similarities between the calls moms and chicks. B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ ‎ C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals. D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which .‎ ‎ A. can receive quality signals B. are in need of training ‎ C. fit the environment better D. make the loudest call ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【答案】58.B 59.A 60.C ‎ ‎59. A细节理解题。根据第二段“Femake Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their errs”可知，研究发现是对澳大利亚两种会鸟鸣的鸟儿进行了记录，根据第三段“the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.”可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段“A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.”可知，A项正确。‎ ‎60. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food”和最后一段“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟、孩子。‎ ‎【十】‎ A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ‎ ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ ‎ But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ ‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.‎ ‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if governments don’t wants a data economy by a few giants, they must act soon.  ‎ ‎61.Why is there a call to break up giants?‎ A. They have controlled the data market. B. They collect enormous private data.‎ C. They no longer provide free services. D. They dismissed some new-born giants.‎ ‎62.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?‎ A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive. B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position. D. Data can be turned into new services or products ‎ ‎63.By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could .‎ A. kill a new threat B. avoid the size trap C. favour bigger firms D. charge higher prices ‎64.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?‎ A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ D. Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ ‎【答案】61.A 62.C 63.B 64.D ‎ ‎62.C 推理判断题。根据第三段“Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their own markets and beyond.”可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。‎ ‎63.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The first is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.”可知，以前介入的标准是看公司的规模，而现在是把数据库的范围考虑在内。‎ ‎64.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold ‎ and how many money they make from it. Governments... with users’ consent.”可知，由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。‎