【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之名词学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法之名词学案

第二讲　“有提示词类”解题攻略 第1节　名词 Step1 典题感悟·高考名题这样考 考查角度1　名词变复数 ‎1．(2019·北京卷) No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ____________(activity) on Earth Day.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词复数。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词 various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。‎ ‎[答案]　activities ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ____________ (cause)．‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故填causes。‎ ‎[答案]　causes ‎3．(2018·浙江卷)Making Chinese ____________ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词复数。dish是可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式dishes。‎ ‎[答案]　dishes ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several _______(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词复数。根据句意可知她已拒绝了好几个邀请，前面有several修饰，故用invitation的复数形式。‎ ‎[答案]　invitations 考查角度2　动词变名词 ‎5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ____________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词 an与空格后的不定式 to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。‎ ‎[答案]　competition ‎6．(2019·浙江卷)Other American studies showed no ____________(connect) between uniforms and school performance.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表演之间没有联系。 no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。 connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。‎ ‎[答案]　connection/connections ‎7．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased ____________(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。‎ ‎[答案]　pollution ‎8．(2018·浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ____________(weigh)problems.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示“体重问题”，空处需要填名词weight。‎ ‎[答案]　weight ‎9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________(introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。空格前是the，后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。‎ ‎[答案]　introduction 考查角度3　形容词变名词 ‎10．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ____________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. ‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。空格前是their, 后面应该是名词，故填名词ability。‎ ‎[答案]　ability 考查角度4　名词变名词 ‎11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ____________(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。空格前是a, 后面应该是表“人”的名词，故填名词scientist。‎ ‎[答案]　scientist Step2 知识储备·抓重破难补短板 一、名词的单复数的规则变化 ‎1．一般在名词词尾直接加s。例如：friend朋友→friends, member成员→members, change变化→changes, wing翅膀→wings。‎ ‎①(2019·郑州高中第三次质量预测)This complete set of laws can give us the ____________(answer)to questions like “How did the universe begin？”．‎ ‎[答案]　answers ‎2．词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般加es。例如：bus公共汽车→buses, fox狐狸→foxes, coach教练→coaches, branch树枝→branches, bush灌木丛→bushes。‎ 注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。‎ ‎②(2019·武汉市五月训练题)She had two lowsodium(低钠) bacon ____________(sandwich) with a diet soda for lunch.‎ ‎[答案]　sandwiches ‎3．词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i，再加es ; ‎ 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。例如：enemy敌人→enemies, hobby业余爱好→hobbies, difficulty困难→difficulties, toy玩具→toys, key钥匙→keys。‎ ‎③(2019·合肥市第三次教学质量检测)It reflects the frequent business and cultural communication between China and ____________(country) along the ancient Silk Road.‎ ‎[答案]　countries ‎4．以f或fe结尾的名词，多数把f或fe改为v然后再加es。例如：wife妻子→wives, knife刀子→knives, shelf架子→shelves, wolf狼→wolves。‎ ‎④(2019· 高考原创题)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn ____________(leaf). No wind, however, could blow them away.‎ ‎[答案]　leaves ‎5．词尾是以辅音字母＋o结尾，直接加es; 以元音字母＋o结尾，直接加s。例如：tomato番茄→ tomatoes, zoo动物园→zoos。‎ 注意：外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s。‎ ‎⑤(2018·四川龙泉市期末测试)They may let you surf the Internet, listen to music and take ____________(photo) wherever you are.‎ ‎[答案]　photos 二、名词单复数的不规则变化 ‎1．不规则名词的复数变化。如：child孩子→children，foot脚→feet，mouse老鼠→mice，woman doctor女医生→women doctors，man teacher男老师→men teachers等。 ‎ ‎⑥(2019· 贵州遵义航天高级中学高三检测)For example, we can make plans to visit sick child in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.____________‎ ‎[答案]　child→children ‎2．单复数同形的词。如：series系列，species种类，means手段，works(工厂), deer鹿，sheep绵羊，Chinese中国人。‎ ‎⑦(2018·沧州联考)There has been a series activities to get people together and make them closer to each other in this town.____________‎ ‎[答案]　series后加of 三、 抽象名词具体化问题 抽象名词通常是不可数名词，但是具体到某人或某物身上时可以加不定冠词。‎ experience经验(不可数名词)→an experience一次经历(可数名词)‎ surprise惊奇(不可数名词)→a surprise令人吃惊的人或事(可数名词)‎ pleasure愉快(不可数名词)→a pleasure一件乐事，一个乐趣(可数名词)‎ honor荣誉(不可数名词)→an honor一个(件)光荣的人或事(可数名词)‎ success成功(不可数名词)→a success一个(件)成功的人或事(可数名词)‎ comfort安慰(不可数名词)→a comfort一个(件)令人安慰的人或事(可数名词)‎ ‎⑧(2018·南昌市三校联考)Finally, it was a great ____________(successful) which saved lives then, and is still saving lives today.‎ ‎[答案]　success 四、固定短语中的名词 ‎1．名词与介词搭配 at present 目前　　　　　　at risk 冒险 by mistake 错误地 by chance/accident 偶然 in ruins 破败不堪 in advance 提前 on purpose 故意地 on the whole 总的来说 out of date 过时 out of order 出故障；不整洁 out of breath 上气不接下气 under repair 在修理中 under consideration 在考虑中 ‎⑨(2019·海南模拟)Was some damn newspaper, concerned only with printing a sensational one－day story, about to lay in ‎ ____________(ruin) all his work and dreams?‎ ‎[答案]　ruins ‎2．名词与动词搭配 ‎ catch sight of 瞥见 find fault with 挑……的错 make use of 利用 keep pace with 与……同步 make a fool of 愚弄 make fun of 取笑 ‎⑩(2019·海南模拟)Those girls at the telephone office have very sharp tongues and they like to make ____________ (funny) of others.‎ ‎[答案]　fun Step3 增分攻略·献计献策献妙招 单数变复是重点，词性转换是关键，‎ 定语名词常变格，固定搭配意当先。‎ ‎[操作技法1]　复数形式及变化规则 当确定填名词时，首先考虑是否该用复数形式，着眼点应放在前面的修饰词上或者谓语的数上。如果修饰语为many，a few，other，数字等词时，或谓语动词是are，were，have(have done)等形式时，名词必定是复数形式。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·重庆质量调研抽测)Now with the long history of 30 ____________(year), it has become the most famous timehonored brand teahouse in Chongqing.‎ ‎[解析]　考查名词的单复数。year是可数名词，并结合空前的“30”可知，此处应用其复数形式，故填years。‎ ‎[答案]　years ‎[操作技法2]　词性的名词转换问题 当提示词为除名词外的其他词性时，要考虑词性的转化形式，所以必须掌握好词性转化的一般性规则。如：‎ invite邀请→invitation，differ不同→difference，develop发展→‎ development。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)Actually with my ____________(confident) built up, I now turn out to be a great speaker.‎ ‎[解析]　考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式，即confidence。‎ ‎[答案]　confidence ‎[操作技法3]　固定搭配问题 如果没有提示词又确定填入名词时，此类填空往往是对固定搭配或固定词组的考查。如make a difference，keep one's word，get into trouble等，这些需要结合语境和词组的固定搭配寻找答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2019·郑州一中入学摸底测试)During that time her father died and she had to move home to help take ____________(careful) of her mother.‎ ‎[解析]　考查固定搭配。根据固定搭配take care of “照看，照顾”，故填care。‎ ‎[答案]　care ‎1．名词单复数看限定 ‎(1)不定冠词a，an后用名词单数形式。‎ ‎(2)有these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。‎ ‎(3)名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。‎ ‎2．名词判定看位置 ‎(1)形容词性物主代词、形容词、冠词、所有格、介词或及物动词(短语)后要用名词。‎ ‎(2)表示两个(或两个以上)的可数名词、`并列名词或谓语动词为复数形式时，名词需用复数形式。‎ ‎(3)名词一般在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ ‎(4)作表语时，与主语构成同位关系一般用名词。‎ step4 刷题训练·练稳练准练速度 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·兰州高三模拟)English and math are usually such courses and often a history and a ____________(scientific) course are required too.‎ ‎[解析]　根据and前面是a history，故course前也应为名词，故填science。‎ ‎[答案]　science ‎2．(2019·大庆高三模拟)Beijing Opera roles require performers to paint their faces in patterns and colors to represent different character types and ____________(quality)．‎ ‎[解析]　根据and前面是types，故应填quality的复数形式，故填qualities。‎ ‎[答案]　qualities ‎3．(2019·成都高三模拟)Nearly half of the high school ________(graduate) in America go on to college.‎ ‎[解析]　根据句意，应为“毕业生”，故应填graduates。‎ ‎[答案]　graduates ‎4．(2018·福建师大附中5月模拟)Aiming to carry forward the spirit of peace, cooperation, openness and inclusiveness(包容) for shared benefits through concrete projects, the New Silk Road has already received a warm response from more than 60 countries and a number of international ____________(organization)．‎ ‎[解析]　空前由a number of修饰，故应填organizations。‎ ‎[答案]　organizations ‎5．(2018·绵阳模拟)Her ____________(willing) to stand up for justice has been an inspiration.‎ ‎[解析]　空前有形容词性物主代词，故应填名词willingness。‎ ‎[答案]　willingness ‎6．(2018·双流中学模拟)The ____________(invent) of parkour(‎ 跑酷) can't be given to one person because many people have worked on it.‎ ‎[解析]　空前有定冠词the，故应填名词invention。‎ ‎[答案]　invention ‎7．(2018·双流中学模拟)In this way, parkour allows one to deal with ____________(difficulty) in daily life if he or she deals with them through parkour.‎ ‎[解析]　根据句意“……处理日常生活中的困难”故应用复数形式，故填difficulties。‎ ‎[答案]　difficulties ‎8．(2019·佛山高三模拟)If you wake up to a fire, you may be blinded and confused about where you are or in which ____________(direct) you should go.‎ ‎[解析]　此处考查固定短语in the direction，故填direction。‎ ‎[答案]　direction ‎9．(2018·廊坊模拟)Perhaps you will be choosing classes, and taking part in other ____________(activity)．‎ ‎[解析]　空前有other修饰，故应用activity的复数形式。‎ ‎[答案]　activities ‎10．(2018·南充模拟)However, in the ____________(begin), only three colors were used—red, white, and black.‎ ‎[解析]　此处考查固定短语in the beginning“起初，开始”，故用名词形式。‎ ‎[答案]　beginning ‎11．(2018·广东东莞三调)When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates, his friends were in ____________(tear), but Socrates seemed to be the bravest man in the room.‎ ‎[解析]　in tears表示“眼含泪水”，固定搭配，故填tears。‎ ‎[答案]　tears ‎12．(2018·山东师大附中模拟)But his main concern was never with making money or even with making scientific ____________(discover).‎ ‎ Instead, he was always searching for a ____________(mean) for life.‎ ‎[解析]　第一个空，形容词scientific修饰可数名词discovery，空前没有不定冠词说明是复数。故填discoveries。第二个空，根据前面有不定冠词a，故判断这里用名词。故填meaning。‎ ‎[答案]　discoveries; meaning ‎13．(2018·保定模拟)Halfway through his talk, the speaker stopped and decided to create a group ____________(act)．‎ ‎[解析]　该空作create的宾语，应用名词。故该空填action。‎ ‎[答案]　action ‎14．(2018·辽宁大连一模)The ____________(operate) are often friendly and it's also convenient to find other tourists, who want to carpool or travel together to cut cost. ‎ ‎[解析]　由句意可知，此处是表示人的名词作主语，且由系动词are，判断出主语应该用名词复数，故填operators。‎ ‎[答案]　operators ‎15．(2018·广东茂名五校联考)It's showing this Sunday with ____________(perform) every hour from midday onwards, with the last showing at 5 o'clock, two hours before the museum closes.‎ ‎[解析]　with为介词，后需跟名词或动名词，由句意可知此处表示“演出”，应用名词performance。故填performance。‎ ‎[答案]　performance Ⅱ.语篇语法填空 ‎(2019·四川眉山第一中学月考)Cars are too expensive for many people around the world 1.______________(own). Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads.‎ So how do people travel those distances 2.______________ are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway 3.______________ bus, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 4.______________(share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 5.____________(importance), less pollution.‎ Which of the types of public transportation 6.______________(describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine 7.______________ a bus twice the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as doubledeckers (cars with two floors)．‎ Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It's not 8.____________(common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “taptaps”， because the 9.______________(ride) on the roof tap when they want to be dropped off.‎ Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in 10.______________ neighborhoods.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，目前世界上主要的公共交通工具是公交车和地铁，文章详细介绍了这两种公共交通工具并列举了一些城市对公共交通工具的利用。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查不定式复合结构。句意：对于世界上很多人来说拥有汽车太贵了。不定式复合结构为：for/of sb. to do sth.，其中sb.是动作的发出者。故填to own。‎ ‎[答案]　to own ‎2．[解析]　考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是those distances，这是指物的先行词，所以要使用关系代词which/that指代，引导定语从句并在句中作主语。故填that/which。‎ ‎[答案]　that/which ‎3．[解析]　考查连词。句意：如果你乘坐地铁或公共汽车，你就能够享用公共交通的好处。在疑问句和条件句中通常使用or而不是and。故填or。‎ ‎[答案]　or ‎4．[解析]　考查with复合结构。句意：很多人共同使用一辆公交车或火车，交通流量会更少，更重要的是污染更少了。介词with 的复合结构为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”，本句中with的宾语many people与动词share构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词。故填sharing。‎ ‎[答案]　sharing ‎5．[解析]　考查副词。副词在句中通常作状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子。句意：很多人共同使用一辆公交车或火车，交通流量会更少，更重要的是污染更少了。本句中副词importantly在句中作状语，故填importantly。‎ ‎[答案]　importantly ‎6．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。本句中动词describe与public transportation构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语described below作定语修饰public transportation。句意：下面描述的公共交通类型中哪一种是你所熟悉的？故填described。‎ ‎[答案]　described ‎7．[解析]　考查宾语从句。本句中what引导从句作动词imagine的宾语，并在句中作动词hold的宾语。句意：如果常规的公共汽车能够容纳很多人，想象一辆两倍尺寸的公交车能容纳多少人呢？故填what。‎ ‎[答案]　what ‎8．[解析]　句意：海地的公交车通常非常拥挤，乘客坐在车顶上都是很常见的。根据上文中crowded，可知海地的公交车很拥挤，后句中使用双重否定表示肯定，强调拥挤程度。故填uncommon。‎ ‎[答案]　uncommon ‎9．[解析]　考查名词。句中谓语动词tap前面是主语，tap是复数形式，说明主语应该使用ride的名词rider的复数形式riders。故填riders。‎ ‎[答案]　riders ‎10．[解析]　考查形容词。句意：在巴黎、墨西哥和东京，人们经常乘坐地铁上学、上班或去其他社区看望朋友。句中形容词other 作定语修饰名词neighborhoods。故填other。‎ ‎[答案]　other 专题强化训练(二)‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 A ‎(2019·陕西省渭南中学第五次质量检测)‎ Shawn's Saturday ‎“Hey, Dad! ” Shawn shouted, “I'm going to play basketball with Peter！”‎ Shawn's dad came into the kitchen, “Have you finished 1.______________ (clean) the garage？”‎ Shawn tried to decide whether to admit the 2.______________ (true). His dad would notice the garage hadn't been cleaned, 3.____________ Shawn wanted to play basketball.‎ Shawn's dad understood his silence. “You haven't even started, have you? You promised you'd take care of 4.______________ first thing this morning.”‎ Shawn complained, “Why do I have to clean the garage, anyway？” “Because you said you would, and you need to follow through with 5.______________you say.” “But Dad，” Shawn protested, “I promised Peter.” Soon, his dad's face lit 6.______________. “Let's go out to the garage for a minute.”‎ ‎7．____________(puzzle), Shawn followed his father into the garage. His dad pointed to the dull, gray cement walls. “What if you ask Peter to come over here? If you and Peter clean up thoroughly, then you can paint 8.____________(picture) on those two walls.”‎ ‎“What about playing basketball? Peter 9.______________ (wait) for me.”‎ His dad said thoughtfully, “If Peter stays over tonight, then I will drive you two over to play basketball after supper.”‎ ‎“Can we order pizza？” “10.______________ (absolute)！” his dad grinned. Shawn raced back into the kitchen to call Pete.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了爸爸教育儿子做事要坚持到底。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。finish后加动词时应该是ing形式。句意：你把车库打扫完了吗？故填cleaning。‎ ‎[答案]　cleaning ‎2．[解析]　考查名词。the后面应该加名词形式。句意：肖恩试图决定是否承认事实。故填truth。‎ ‎[答案]　truth ‎3．[解析]　考查连词。根据无提示词的做题规律，此处可以排除冠词、代词、介词，故只能填连词。而上下文出现了转折，故此处填but。句意：他的父亲会注意到车库没有被打扫过，但是肖恩想打篮球。故填but。‎ ‎[答案]　but ‎4．[解析]　考查代词。take care of后缺宾语，故只能用代词it 指代前文出现过的事物。句意：你答应过今天早上第一件事要处理的。故填it。‎ ‎[答案]　it ‎5．[解析]　考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，填what，代表所说的内容。句意：你必须坚持你所说的。故填what。‎ ‎[答案]　what ‎6．[解析]　考查副词。短语light up，本意是“容光焕发”，本文段中应理解为肖恩父亲心中有另外的想法，所以“脸色一变”。句意：很快，他爸爸脸色一变。故填up。‎ ‎[答案]　up ‎7．[解析]　考查非谓语动词。过去分词作状语，表示人“感到迷惑的”。句意：肖恩迷惑不解地跟着父亲走进车库。故填Puzzled。‎ ‎[答案]　Puzzled ‎8．[解析]　考查名词的单复数。此处应填名词，再根据文意，picture不只有一副，故填复数形式。句意：然后你可以在这两堵墙上画画。故填pictures。‎ ‎[答案]　pictures ‎9．[解析]　考查时态。当事人说话的当下，应该用现在进行时，表示Peter此刻正在等“我”。句意：彼得正在等我。故填is waiting。‎ ‎[答案]　is waiting ‎10．[解析]　考查副词。这里作为感叹词。句意：“一点儿不错！”他的爸爸咧嘴笑了。故填Absolutely。‎ ‎[答案]　Absolutely B ‎(2019·山西应县第一中学月考)In recent years, many original Chinese children's novels and picture books, with moving stories and Chinese elements, 1.____________(reach) great heights in the international markets. Children's books have clocked 7.3 million volumes, 2.____________(account) for 50.33 percent of all books exported.‎ Three factors have 3.____________(great) contributed to the 4.____________(grow): the depth of the story, traditional Chinese elements and emotions of the characters.‎ The meaning of children's books lies in conveying the profound connotation (内涵)behind the story. Through the unique interpretation of the humanity and the environment, 5.____________(write) share the same feelings with Chinese and Western readers.‎ Cao Wenxuan, 6.____________ is the writer of Bronze and Sunflower, even won Hans Christian Andersen Award. The English version of the book was published in 2015 by a British company, 7.____________ republished in 2017. It was included in “the voice of the world—the world's 8.____________(beautiful) novel series”．‎ The book tells the story of the growing relationship 9.____________ a city girl, Sunflower, and a country boy, Bronze. The author displays the extreme struggle of the characters in 10.____________ face of hardship,‎ ‎ and describes the true, the good and the beautiful in human nature with vigor(活力) and warmth.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。近年来，许多中国的儿童的小说和图画书含有中国元素，在国际市场上得到了很高的认识度。有三个因素极大地促进了这种增长：故事的深度、中国传统元素和人物的情感。本文介绍了作家曹文轩及他的获奖作品Bronze and Sunflower。‎ ‎1．[解析]　考查时态。根据In recent years，可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是many original Chinese children's novels and picture books，所以谓语动词用复数形式，故填have reached。‎ ‎[答案]　have reached ‎2．[解析]　考查现在分词。句意：儿童书籍的销量达到730万册，占所有图书出口的50.33%。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故填accounting。‎ ‎[答案]　accounting ‎3．[解析]　考查副词。句意：有三个因素极大地促进了经济增长。此处contribute是动词，副词修饰动词，故填greatly。‎ ‎[答案]　greatly ‎4．[解析]　考查名词。句意：有三个因素极大地促进了经济增长。定冠词the用在名词前面，故填growth。‎ ‎[答案]　growth ‎5．[解析]　考查名词复数。句意：通过对人文和环境的独特解读，作家们与中国和西方读者有着同样的感受。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故填writers。‎ ‎[答案]　writers ‎6．[解析]　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：曹文轩是Bronze和Sunflower这两本书的作者，赢得了安徒生奖。此处Cao Wenxuan是先行词，指人，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故填who。‎ ‎[答案]　who ‎7．[解析]　考查并列连词。句意：这本书的英文版于2015‎ 年由一家英国公司出版，并于2017年再版。此处表示递进的并列关系，故填and。‎ ‎[答案]　and ‎8．[解析]　考查最高级。句意：它被收录在“世界之声——世界上最美丽的小说系列”中。可知此处用形容词最高级，故填most beautiful。‎ ‎[答案]　most beautiful ‎9．[解析]　考查介词。句意：这本书讲述了一个城市女孩和一名乡村男孩之间的故事。between... and...，两者之间，故填between。‎ ‎[答案]　between ‎10．[解析]　考查固定搭配。句意：作者展示了面对苦难人物的极端斗争，并用活力和热情描述了人性的真实、善良和美丽。in the face of“面对着……”，故填the。‎ ‎[答案]　the Ⅱ.短文改错 A ‎(2019·山东枣庄第八中学考前预测)I am writing to tell you something about the transportation in China. Over the past few decades we had developed an amazing network of public transportation. Beside, we have been decided to make efforts to make them much better. I am sure a network will satisfy your needs for traveling everywhere more convenient. People usually choose the means of transportation based with some aspects, such as the costs and the time needing. For example, businessmen are more likely travel by plane or highspeed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves. I believe you will quickly figure out when to get around once you are in China.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ I am writing to tell you something about the transportation in China. Over the past few decades we developed an amazing network of ‎ public transportation. ， we have decided to make efforts to make much better. I am sure network will satisfy your needs for traveling everywhere more convenient. People usually choose the means of transportation based some aspects, such as the costs and the time . For example, businessmen are more likely travel by plane or highspeed train to save time while office tend to take buses or drive to work themselves. I believe you will quickly figure out to get around once you are in China.‎ B ‎(2019·贵州安顺市高中期末)During my process of grow up, senior high school life is most wonderful. The teachers give excellent lessons on a special way. All of them have rich knowledge. They not only explain the contents of textbooks and also provide extra information from many other aspect. Every word they say it in class makes me feel exciting. I have a strong desire to learn as much as I can. There are different afterschool activities what are organized by us. We often shared a lot of things together. I am absolute fond of my senior school life.‎ ‎[答案]　‎ During my process of up, senior high school life is most wonderful. The teachers give excellent lessons a special way. All of them have rich knowledge. They not only explain the contents of textbooks also provide extra information from many other . Every word they say in class makes me feel . I have a strong desire to learn as much as I can. There are different afterschool activities are ‎ organized by us. We often a lot of things together. I am fond of my senior school life.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019·广西六市联合调研)‎ The Ice and Snow Festival Highlights It will fall upon January 1st, 2019 and last till the early March, 2019, Based on the theme of “Bright Pearl of the Crown of Ice and Snow”， a variety of activities about ice and snow, concerning tourism, culture, fashion and sport, will be open to all tourists.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。短文介绍了哈尔滨冰雪旅游节的相关信息。‎ ‎1．Where can you go to see college students' snow sculpture works?‎ A．Harbin Engineering University.‎ B．People's Stadium.‎ C．Sun Island Scenic Area.‎ D．Friendship Palace.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由Art的“Harbin Engineering University”可知，第十一届国际大学生雪雕大赛将于1月4日～7日在哈尔滨工程大学举行。所以你可以去哈尔滨工程大学看大学生的雪雕作品。故选A。‎ ‎[答案]　A ‎2．Who is the 31st Sun Island Snow Sculpture Art Exposition intended for?‎ A．Newlymarried couples. ‎ B．The old.‎ C．College students. ‎ D．The young.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由Tourism中的“The 31st Sun Island Snow ‎ Sculpture Art Exposition for senior people”可知，第31届太阳岛老年人雪雕艺术博览会于2月5日～10日在太阳岛景区举行。所以，第31届太阳岛雪雕艺术博览会是专为老年人举办的。故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎3．Which event will last the longest time?‎ A．2019 New Year Concert.‎ B．The 30th HundredFlower Dance Contest.‎ C．The 35th Group Wedding Ceremony on the Ice.‎ D．International Winter Swimming Inviting Competition.‎ ‎[解析]　细节理解题。由Sport中的“Jan. 1st for trail operation and officially opening on Jan. 5th, till the early Mar.”可知，国际冬季游泳邀请赛在1月1日试运行，1月5日正式开放至3月初，所以国际冬季游泳邀请赛持续的时间最长。故D选项正确。‎ ‎[答案]　D Ⅳ.七选五阅读填空 ‎(2019·甘肃天水第一中学第五次质量检测)If you're leading a group of people towards success, you must learn how to motivate others. Try one or more of the following ways of motivating people.‎ Treat people kindly. As a leader, you need to treat others helping you with the utmost respect and kindness.____1____ You might not know it, but it's a big motivation booster when people are treated right. People enjoy knowing when they're doing a good job and enjoy working with people that treat them with kindness.‎ ‎2____ When people are fully responsible, they'll be more likely to find the motivation to complete the task. This is because, as a part of a group, they may not feel like their hard work matters, but when they're responsible it certainly matters. They also know that they make a difference to the success of the project.‎ Be a good listener. No one likes to feel like they don't matter. Having the final say doesn't mean that you needn't get any help with important decision making. ____3____ Always keep an open ear and ‎ you'll be motivating your team to come up with good solutions and creative ideas.‎ Set realistic goals. Think long and hard about how your goal setting abilities can teach you to motivate others. You don't want to set goals that are too easy. Your team might reach them quickly but they won't be pushed to become the best they can be. ____4____ Your team will quickly lose motivation because they'll never get the feeling of having met their goals.‎ Get to know your people. Keep lines of communication open and get to know your team by paying attention to their wants, needs, strengths and weaknesses. ____5____ So they'll certainly be more motivated to work hard for somebody that cares about them.‎ A．Offer a nice clean working environment.‎ B．Give people responsibility.‎ C．People enjoy feeling like they're making a difference.‎ D．People are smart and they will know when they have a leader that cares and a leader that doesn't.‎ E．Hand out praise when it's necessary.‎ F．A trustworthy neighbor also provides a safe place to run in case of a fire.‎ G．Meanwhile, you don't want to set goals that are impossible to achieve, either.‎ 语篇解读：本文一篇说明文。主要介绍了作为领导，激励他人努力工作和学习的五条实用的建议。‎ ‎1．[解析]　根据本段最后一句People enjoy knowing when they're doing a good job and enjoy working with people that treat them with kindness.可知人们喜欢知道他们表现很好，也就是说喜欢受到表扬，故E项Hand out praise when it's necessary.(必要的时候表扬别人)，符合上下文语境。故选E。‎ ‎[答案]　E ‎2．[解析]　根据横线后一句When people are fully responsible，‎ they'll be more likely to find the motivation to complete the task.可知当人们有责任心的时候，他们会更有动力去完成自己的任务，故B项Give people responsibility.(给予人们责任)，符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ ‎[答案]　B ‎3．[解析]　根据本段第二句No one likes to feel like they don't matter.(没有人喜欢他们不受重视的那种感觉)，因此推断每个人都喜欢自己受重视的那种感觉，故选C。‎ ‎[答案]　C ‎4．[解析]　根据本段第一句Set realistic goals(设立现实的目标)，可知我们设立的目标必须是能够实现的目标，不能过难也不能过于容易。G项Meanwhile，you don't want to set goals that are impossible to achieve，either.(同时，你也不想设定不可能实现的目标)，这与本段中心思想一致，故选G。‎ ‎[答案]　G ‎5．[解析]　根据横线前句Keep lines of communication open and get to know your team by paying attention to their wants，needs，strengths and weaknesses.(要了解你的队友的需要及他们的优势和劣势。)也就是说要让人们知道他们有一个很体贴的领导人，这样他们才会更加努力地工作。D项People are smart and they will know when they have a leader that cares and a leader that doesn't.(人们会知道他们有一个体贴的领导者)，符合上下文语境。故选D。‎ ‎[答案]　D