2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修3学案：Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修3学案：Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．human n．　　　　　　　　　 (与动物等对比的)人_‎ ‎2．index n. 指数_‎ ‎3．household n. 一家人；家庭_‎ ‎4．charity n. 慈善团体_‎ ‎5．freeway n. 高速公路_‎ ‎6．vast adj. 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的_‎ Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．income n．[纵联1] 收入 ‎2．poverty n. 贫穷 ‎3．measure vt. 测定；测量；评估 ‎4．goal n. 目标 ‎5．position n. 位置；职位 ‎6．figure n．[纵联2] 数字 ‎7．homeless adj.[纵联3] 无家可归的 ‎8．tourism n. 旅游业 ‎9．smart adj. 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的 ‎10．exchange n. 交换 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．hunger n．饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的 ‎2．development n．发展→develop vt.& vi.(使)发展→developing adj.发展中的→developed adj.发达的 ‎3．educate vt.教育；培养；训练→education n．教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的 ‎4．crowded adj.拥挤的→crowd n．人群 v．聚拢[纵联4]‎ ‎5．inhabitant n．居民→inhabit v．居住 ‎6．similarity n．类似；相似→similar adj.相似的→similarly adv.相似地；同样地 ‎7．unfortunate adj.不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately adv.不幸地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．幸运；运气 ‎8．location n．位置；所在地→locate vt.使坐落于 vi.定位；定居→located adj.位于 ‎9．transport n．交通工具→transportation n．交通；运输[纵联5]‎ ‎10．industrial adj.工业的→industry n．工业 ‎11．polluted adj.受到污染的→pollute vt.污染→pollution n．污染 ‎12．entertainment n．娱乐→entertain vt.使欢乐→entertaining adj.使人愉快的 纵联1.各种“收入”都想到 ‎①income n．收入，收益　　　　 ②pay n．报酬；薪水 ‎③salary n．薪水 ④wage n．工资 ‎⑤profit n．利润；收益 ⑥earnings n．工资；收入 纵联2.各类“人物”来相聚 ‎①a historical figure历史人物 ②a heroic figure英雄人物 ‎③typical character典型人物 ④a big shot大人物 ‎⑤a small potato/a nobody小人物 ‎⑥VIP(a very important person)重要人物 纵联3.后缀less形容词大观园 ‎①homeless无家可归的 ②hopeless没有希望的 ‎③breathless气喘吁吁的 ④endless无休止的 ‎⑤countless数不清的 ⑥sleepless不眠的 纵联4.ed结尾形容词荟萃 ‎①crowded拥挤的 ②polluted受到污染的 ‎③skilled熟练的 ④experienced有经验的 ‎⑤talented/gifted有才能的 ⑥limited有限的 纵联5.trans开头高频词集锦 ‎①transport n．交通工具 ②transportation n．运输 ‎③transplant v．移植 ④transfer v．运送 ‎⑤transform v．改造 ⑥transmit v．传输 单元话题——发展中国家和发达国家 子话题1　商业、贸易 ‎　①profit n．利润；利益 ②decrease n．& v．减少，减小 ‎③corporation n．公司 ④brand n．商标，牌子 ‎⑤commercial adj.商业的；贸易的 ⑥cooperate vi.合作，配合 ‎⑦establish vt.建立；创办 ⑧invest v．投资 ‎⑨marketing n．行销，销售 ⑩commerce n．贸易；商业 ‎⑪contract n．合同 ⑫enterprise n．企业；事业 子话题2　财政、金融 ‎　①finance n．财政，财政学；金融 ②financial adj.金融的；财政的 ‎③fund n．基金 ④budget n．预算；开支 ‎⑤deposit n．存款；押金 ⑥stock n．股份，股票 ‎⑦loan n．贷款；借款 ⑧currency n．货币；流通 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·北京高考阅读C) 　❶　 (human) produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute❷ the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry❸ worms.‎ ‎①用human的正确形式填空：Humans。“人类社会”可以表达为：human_society ‎②写出pollute在本单元中的同根形容词：polluted，其名词形式为：pollution ‎③写出hungry在本单元的名词形式：hunger，形容词后缀y表示性质或状态，类似的单词有：happy, empty, healthy, dusty等 ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D) A buildityourself solar still (蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.　❶　 (develop) by two doctors in the U．S.Department of Agriculture, it's an excellent water collector.　❷　 (unfortunate), you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes.‎ ‎①用develop的正确形式填空：Developed。其同根词还有：developing, development等 ‎②用unfortunate的正确形式填空：Unfortunately。否定前缀un加形容词或副词，类似的单词还有：unusual, unlimited, unluckily, unwilling等 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎每个人观看这部影片，它讲述了我们学校的发展。(development)‎ Everyone_is_welcome_to_watch_the_film,_which_tells_about_the_development_of_our_school.‎ ‎2．(2016·浙江高考书面表达)在事件发生前一个月，我花了几个小时制定了一个时间表，概述了我的目标和实际步骤。(goal)‎ A_month_before_the_event,_I_spent_hours_working_out_a_schedule_outlining_my_goals_and_practical_steps.‎ ‎3．(2015·重庆高考写作)同时，他们彼此交换观点和感受，通过这种方式他们很可能会学到更多的知识。(exchange)‎ Meanwhile,_they_exchange_ideas_and_feelings_with_each_other,_through_which_they_probably_acquire_more_knowledge.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．measure vt.测定；测量；评估vi.(指尺寸、长、宽、高等)量度为 n．措施，方法；尺度 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中measure的含义 ‎①We must pay attention to these problems and take effective measures to solve them.措施 ‎②This line measures four times as long as that one.量度为 ‎③It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure.尺度 ‎④It's difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.评估 ‎⑤Did you measure the distance between the two development zones？测量 ‎[记牢]‎ be measured by/in　　　　　　　 用……来衡量 make ...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做……‎ take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑥In the old days, my mother always made new clothes to my own measure with Spring Festival coming.‎ ‎⑦Education should not be measured purely by/in examination results.‎ ‎⑧The government has taken measures to_prevent (prevent) house prices rising.‎ 单句改错 ‎⑨The new bridge under construction, measured twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.measured→measuring ‎[用准]　measure 作名词表示“措施”时，常用其复数形式。作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若此意义的短语作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑩我们应当采取适当的措施来改善环境。‎ We_should_take_appropriate_measures_to_improve_our_environment.‎ ‎2．position n．位置；地位；职位；处境；立场 ‎[记牢]‎ in a(n) ...position　　　 处于……的地位/处境/立场 in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置 be in a position to do sth. (因有能力、金钱或权力而)能做某事 take (up) a position 就位；得到职位 hold the position of ... 担任……的职务 ‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Dina, having struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took position at a local advertising agency.‎ ‎②The best way to make a kid to be independent is to put him in a position where he has no one else to refer to.‎ ‎③When I know all the facts, I'll be in a position to_advise (advise) you.‎ 补全句子 ‎④Though he didn't hold_an_important_position,_he got along very well with almost everybody and was trusted by most of his leaders.‎ 虽然他没有担任重要职务，但他和每个人相处都很好，受到大部分领导的信任。‎ ‎[用准]　(1)position作先行词时，其后的定语从句多由where引导；(2)在in/out of position短语中，position是不可数名词，前面不可用冠词。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤如果你处在我的位置，你也会同情那些可怜的孩子。‎ If_you_were_in_my_position,_you_would_have_sympathy_for_those_poor_children.‎ ‎3．figure n．数字；体形；人物；画像；雕像；人影 vt.& vi.考虑；估计；计算；认为 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中figure的含义 ‎①His political activity made him a powerful figure in Chinese culture.人物 ‎②Lisa was very frightened as she saw a figure in the darkness.人影 ‎③It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.数字 ‎④Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked ‎ pleased with this explanation.体形 ‎⑤David Dominoni requested the clerk to figure out his income tax.计算 ‎⑥I figure that he was drunk and shouldn't be allowed to drive.认为 ‎[记牢]‎ figure out　　　　　　　　 理解；想出；弄明白；计算出 keep one's figure 保持体形 have a good figure 身材好 ‎[练通]　补全句子 ‎⑦(2017·北京高考) If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure_it_out.‎ 如果你不了解某个事物，你可以研究、学习、与其他人探讨，直到你把它弄清楚。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑧为了保持体形，她开始了多吃水果和蔬菜、少吃肉的更健康的饮食。‎ To_keep_her_figure,_she_began_eating_a_healthier_diet_of_more_fruits_and_vegetables,_and_less_meat.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The Hope Project is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty (贫穷)．‎ ‎2．This football player was accused of taking money for not scoring goals (得分) on purpose.‎ ‎3．If you want to double your income (收入), you must double your effort.‎ ‎4．Can you measure (测量) accurately with this ruler?‎ ‎5．She turned the switch to the OFF position (位置)．‎ ‎6．You should educate (教育) your children to behave well.‎ ‎7．Some students use their cellphone mostly as a tool of entertainment (娱乐)．‎ ‎8．A group discussion in class provides a chance for children to exchange (交换) their ideas.‎ ‎9．The scheme has been set up to help homeless (无家可归的) people.‎ ‎10．What are the main differences and similarities (相同点) between them?‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Some countries in Europe obtain a large amount of money from tourism (tour)．‎ ‎2．With the development (develop) of Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper one at New Year's time.‎ ‎3．In order to remove poverty (poor), the World Bank has switched its focus to providing assistance to developing countries.‎ ‎4．High school education (educate) is very important for students, because it can help them to choose their future.‎ ‎5．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring (measure) over 90 metres.‎ ‎6．(2017·北京高考)She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry (hunger)．‎ ‎7．The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded (crowd) with people standing.‎ ‎8．I'm not sure what I would do if I were in your position.‎ ‎9．I haven't read either of the articles carefully, but I find that there is a striking similarity (similar) between them.‎ ‎10．The new guideline stresses efforts to restore nature while reducing industrial (industry) damage to the environment.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Mr Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes on his own measure.on→to ‎2．Many people in the village fell ill because of drinking the polluting water. ‎ polluting→polluted ‎3．She said they were in dangerous position because they were in a nation at war.dangerous前加a ‎4．I couldn't figure out of why the violinist next door never responded when I knocked on the door.去掉of ‎5．Some students feel that exchange gifts can make more friends and expand their network of friends.exchange→exchanging Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．中国长江江豚的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。(measure)‎ The number of the finless porpoise is less than 1,000, so I hope you can take_some_effective_measures_to_protect_them.‎ ‎2．(2018·浙江高考写作)我写信申请学生志愿者的职位。(position)‎ I'm writing to apply_for_the_position as a student volunteer.‎ ‎3．我们无法弄明白为什么相当多的昆虫和鸟儿正在灭绝。(figure)‎ We can't figure_out why quite a number of insects and birds are dying out.‎ ‎4．玛丽给我上英语课，作为交换，我教她汉语。(exchange)‎ Mary is giving me English lessons in_exchange_for my teaching her Chinese.‎ ‎5．这房子很便宜。更重要的是，它在你办公室附近。(locate)‎ The house is a good bargain.Above all, it is_located_near_your_office.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．up_to　　　　　　　　　　 达到；忙于；胜任；由……决定 ‎2．make_sure 确定；弄清楚 ‎3．make_progress 取得进步 ‎4．make_efforts 努力 ‎5．in_particular 尤其；特别 ‎6．be_connected_with 与……有联系；与……有关 ‎7．be/get_close_to [串记1] 接近；靠近 ‎8．at_the_top/bottom_of [串记2] 　 在……顶端/底部 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“be＋adj.＋to (介词)”短语万花筒 ‎①be close to接近；靠近　　　 ②be equal to等于；胜任 ‎③be familiar to为……所熟悉 ④be open to对……开放 ‎⑤be opposite to与……相反 ⑥be similar to与……相似 串记2.top/bottom相关短语个个清 ‎①at the top/bottom of 在……顶端/底部 ‎②on (the) top of 在……上方 ‎③from top to bottom 从上到下 ‎④at bottom 实际上；本质上 ‎⑤from the bottom of one's heart 　 从某人心底里 ‎1．reduce poverty 减少贫困 ‎2．in recent years 在最近几年 ‎3．follow these steps 按照这些步骤 ‎4．at the top of the list 高居榜首 ‎5．improve the environment 改善环境 ‎6．move out of poverty 脱贫 ‎7．of the same age 同岁 ‎8．give some financial help 提供一些经济援助 ‎1．Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.‎ 挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七。‎ ‎2．Although more than 80% of children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated.在发展中国家，虽然80%以上的儿童都能上小学，但仍有约1.15亿儿童不能接受教育。‎ ‎3．It's an agreement between towns or cities of_similar_size_and_age ...‎ 这是大小和历史相似的城镇或城市之间的一份协议……‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空) One thing is for certain — Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting_so_close_to (如此靠近) the burning vehicle!‎ ‎2．(2015·天津高考完形填空)One agent recommended a house in_particular (特别)．Although her description sounded wonderful, the price was beyond our range, so we declined.‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ完形填空) Although_Freddy_was_taken (尽管Freddy被带走了) from us, we all took something from Freddy.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇替换)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)What's more, before you enjoy the meal, better make_sure you avoid making noises while chewing food.‎ 而且，在你享用这顿饭之前，最好确保在咀嚼食物时不要发出响声。‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达) I'm happy that you have gotten improved faster in Chinese.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)‎ made_rapid_progress ‎3．(2017·天津高考书面表达) To get admitted, I have made good preparations beforehand, trying to know as much as I could about my city, Tianjin.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)‎ making_efforts ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我的同学喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢踢足球。(while用作并列连词)‎ My classmates like playing basketball, while_I_like_playing_football.‎ ‎5．(2014·四川高考书面表达)‎ 虽然一些问题对我来说似乎不太熟悉，但是它们很容易回答。(although引导让步状语从句)‎ Although_some_of_the_questions_seem_unfamiliar_to_me,_they are easy to answer.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．up to直到；达到；到……为止；忙于；胜任；由……决定 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中up to的含义 ‎①It is up to you whether we accept the present or not.由……决定 ‎②Some study rooms are for 2－3 people and others can hold up to 6－8 people.达到 ‎③John was fired because he was not up to his work.胜任 ‎④The children are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.忙于 ‎⑤She continued to care for her father up to the time of his recovery.到……为止 ‎[记牢]‎ up to now　　　　　　　　 直到现在 up to then 直到那时 It is up to you. 随你的便。/由你来决定。‎ It is up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事 ‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑥It's up to you to decide whether to go or not.‎ ‎⑦I have_heard (hear) nothing from him up to now.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)up to意为“胜任”时，通常用于疑问句或否定句中，to后面可接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎(2)up to now常与现在完成时连用。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑧生活只给我们时间和空间，如何去填充它由我们决定。‎ Life just gives us time and space.It's_up_to_us_to_decide_how_to_fill_it.‎ ‎2．make efforts努力 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make an effort/efforts/every effort to do sth.‎ ‎ (尽一切)努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 ‎(2)with effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地；容易地 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2016·江苏高考) More efforts, as reported, will_be_made (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.‎ ‎②Food safety is very important, so the government spares no effort to_prevent (prevent) food pollution.‎ ‎③It is impossible that you achieve your goal without effort, isn't it?‎ 补全句子 ‎④No pains, no gains.I am sure that with_your_great_efforts,_you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here.‎ 不劳无获。我确信只要你们付出巨大努力，你们就会在这里享有一种丰富多彩、充实的生活。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤首先，我会努力照顾好我的家人，尤其是我年迈的祖父，因为他已经把他一生中大部分时间都致力于养育两代人。‎ To begin with, I will make_every_effort_to_take_good_care_of_my_family,_especially my aged grandfather because he has devoted most of his life to bringing up two generations.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有：‎ ‎①do/try one's best to do sth.‎ ‎②do all/everything in one's power to do sth.‎ ‎3．be/get close to接近，靠近；即将发生 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)close down (广播电台、电视台)停止播音；停播；(工厂等 ‎ 的)关闭；停业 close up 关闭；停歇；靠拢；靠近；靠紧 ‎(2)close vt. 关闭 adj. 实力接近的；严密的；亲密的 adv. 靠近(指距离上)‎ closely adv. 密切地；仔细地(指程度或关系的紧密)‎ closed adj. 关闭的；封闭的；停业的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The two countries are close to signing (sign) a peace agreement.‎ ‎②If the firms failed to make enough money, they would close down.‎ ‎③The kids seated themselves close to the teacher and listened closely with great interest.(close)‎ ‎[用准]　be/get close to短语中to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④最重要的是，营地里呼吸的是新鲜的空气，并且这是一次接近大自然的好机会。‎ Most importantly, the air in the camp is fresh to breathe and it_is_a_good_chance_to get_close_to_nature.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ while用作并列连词 ‎[教材原句]　Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)Some sports are usually done indoors, while_others_are_done_outdoors.‎ 一些运动通常在室内做，然而其他的在室外做。‎ ‎(2)While_I_was_sitting_in_the_classroom_and_doing_my_papers,_I felt confident and was full of energy.‎ 我坐在教室里做试卷时感到信心十足、精力旺盛。‎ ‎(3)While_the_Internet_is_of_great_help_to_us,_I don't think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it.‎ 尽管互联网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为在这方面花太多的时间并不是好主意。‎ ‎(4)We can surely overcome these difficulties while_we_are_closely_united.‎ 只要我们紧密地团结在一起，就一定能克服这些困难。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)while用作并列连词，表示对比或转折，意为“然而；可是”；用来连接两个并列分句；‎ ‎(2)while用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词；‎ ‎(3)while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管；虽然”；从句往往位于主句之前；‎ ‎(4)while用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”。‎ 注意事项 ‎(1)while还可用作名词，意为“(一段)时间”。例如：‎ Several years ago, the famous writer put down his pen for a while. ‎ ‎(2)when引导时间状语从句时，从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。当时间状语从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，while和when可以互换。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2017·天津高考书面表达) I always feel exhausted after a day's study, while it is worthwhile to try my best to pursue my ideal.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018·北京高考书面表达)Then I showed them how to make tea.I sat at a table, ‎ explaining every step of the process while making tea.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 up to， make sure， make progress， make efforts， in particular， be connected with， get close to， at the bottom of ‎1．The police haven't really done anything for the black community in_particular.‎ ‎2．At_the_bottom_of the bed was the stocking, now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets.‎ ‎3．We watched the map closely to think up a practical way of getting_close_to the island.‎ ‎4．China has made_efforts for a breakthrough in the total number of gold medals in the coming Winter Olympic Games.‎ ‎5．When you're shopping for wood benches or tables, check to make_sure they are certified as sustainable.‎ ‎6．If we want to make_progress in our study, above all, we must be strict with ourselves.‎ ‎7．As is shown in the report, teenager problems are often connected_with family life and education.‎ ‎8．Holidaymakers can save up_to 30% on a trip to Australia with the Austravel sale, which runs for about a month.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 ‎1．生活就像一个杯子，而它是“杯具”还是“洗具”，由你自己决定。(up to)‎ Life is like a cup, but it's_up_to_you_to_decide whether it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.‎ ‎2．(2017·江苏高考书面表达)因此，电影业应更加努力吸引更多的观众。(make efforts)‎ Therefore, the film industry should make_greater_efforts_to_attract more viewers.‎ ‎3．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)一些人从中获益，而另一些人则很迷茫，不知道应该给谁投票。(while用作并列连词)‎ Some people benefit from it, while_others_feel_puzzled at who to vote.‎ ‎4．I was faced with enormous difficulties, but I worked with perseverance.‎ ‎→Although/Though/While_I_was_faced_with enormous difficulties, I worked with perseverance.‎ ‎5．I do hope this book will be very valuable to him in his studies.‎ ‎→I do hope this book will be of_great_value to him in his studies.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 许多欧洲国家将9月22日设为“无车日”‎ ‎。请根据以下内容要点提示，结合我国目前现状，说明你对“无车日”的认识。‎ ‎1．我国目前现状，如交通堵塞、空气污染、交通事故频发等；‎ ‎2．你对“无车日”的认识；‎ ‎3．你的理由。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：世界无车日World Car Free Day As we know, with the development of economy, the number of cars is increasing very rapidly, thus causing some social problems.　‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于议论文，时态为一般现在时，人称为第一人称。文章应分三个要点：要点1阐述我国目前的交通现状(如交通堵塞、空气污染、交通事故频发等)；要点2表明个人对“无车日”的认识(认为这是一个好主意)；要点3阐述你的理由。“阐述理由”时可以从活动的效果上进行表达，如“提醒人们汽车对我们社会所带来的危害”“鼓励人们骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具出行”。‎ 要点1－①：人们经常遇上交通堵塞。(be caught in)‎ People_are_often_caught_in_a_traffic_jam.‎ 要点1－②：交通事故比以前发生更多。(more ...than)‎ Traffic_accidents_have_occurred_more_often_than_ever.‎ 要点1－③：汽车是导致空气污染的主要因素之一。(factor, result in)‎ The_car_is_one_of_the_major_factors_resulting_in_air_pollution.‎ 要点2：我认为对于许多欧洲国家把9月22日设为“无车日”是一个好主意。(set ...as)‎ I_think_it's_a_good_idea_for_many_European_countries_to_set_September_22nd_as_“World_Car_Free_Day”．‎ 要点3－①：这个活动可以提醒人们汽车对我们社会所带来的危害。(remind ...of)‎ The_campaign_can_remind_people_of_the_harm_that_cars_do_to_our_society.‎ 要点3－②：这个活动可以鼓励更多的人骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具出行。(encourage)‎ The_campaign_can_encourage_more_people_to_travel_by_bicycle_or_public_transport.‎ 要点3－③：真正重要的不是这一天而是所有人帮助解决社会问题的意识。(matter)‎ Not_the_day_but_the_awareness_of_all_the_people_to_help_solve_social_problems_really_matters.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展，添加细节。要点1－①可以添加时间状语“尤其在高峰时间”；要点3－①可以添加although引导的让步状语“尽管一天的活动几乎不能形成足够长的影响来改变人们的行为”；要点3－③可以升级为强调句型。‎ 拓展要点1－①：人们经常遇上交通堵塞，尤其在高峰时间。(especially)‎ People_are_often_caught_in_a_traffic_jam,_especially_at_rush_hour.‎ 拓展要点3－①：尽管一天的活动几乎不能引起足够长的影响来改变人们的行为，但是这个活动至少能提醒人们汽车对我们社会所带来的危害。(用although引导的让步状语从句)‎ Although_a_oneday_campaign_can_hardly_generate_enough_longterm_influence_to_change_people's_behavior,_at_least,_it_can_remind_people_of_the_harm_that_cars_do_to_our_society.‎ 升级要点3－③：真正重要的不是这一天而是所有人帮助解决社会问题的意识。(强调句型)‎ It's_not_the_day_but_the_awareness_of_all_the_people_to_help_solve_social_problems_that_really_matters.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文开头语已给出，写作时要注意与开头语的衔接。在说明我国目前的交通现状时，可以用“for example”列举事例，并可以用and， what's more进行连接。在表达自己的认识时，可以用so来衔接。“阐述理由”时可以把两个效果直接用并列连词and连接。最后，用in my view引出自己的观点。‎ As we know, with the development of economy, the number of cars is increasing very rapidly, thus causing some social problems.For_example,_people_are_often_caught_in_a_traffic jam,_especially_at_rush_hour_and_traffic_accidents_have_occurred_more_often_than_ever.What's_more,_the_car_is_one_of_the_major_factors_resulting_in_air_pollution.So_I_think_it's_a_good_idea_for_many_European_countries_to_set_September_22nd_as_“World_Car_Free_Day”．‎ Although_a_oneday_campaign_can_hardly_generate_enough_longterm_influence_to_change_people's_behavior,_at_least,_it_can_remind_people_of_the_harm_that_cars_do_to_our_society,_and_encourage_more_people_to_travel_by_bicycle_or_public_transport.In_my_view,_it's_not_the_day_but_the_awareness_of_all_the_people_to_help_solve_social_problems_that_really_matters.‎ 理清文体结构之(十四)　说明文之事理类——掌握行文结构最重要 事理类说明文在某个程度上与议论文相似，在文章开头往往提出一个现象，接着以科学研究成果为例，说明这个现象的普遍性与真实性，在文章最后给出结论，与篇首的现象相互印证。‎ ‎　　[高考典例]　2016·天津卷·C篇 ‎[速读全文，理行文结构]‎ ‎　　[1]When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.‎ ‎[2]These are the findings of a 40year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”‎ ‎[3]Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mentalhealth scores with their boyhoodactivity scores. Points were awarded for parttime jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.‎ ‎[4]The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.‎ ‎[5]Working — at any age — is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence — the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love ‎1.提出现象(第1段)‎ 童年时期帮助做家务的孩子长大后更快乐。(可解46题)‎ ‎2.以研究成果为例说明该现象的普遍性和真实性 用数字验证现象 ‎3.给出结论 第5段点明工作的重要性，童年时期的各项活动能够帮助孩子情感健康发展，这也印证了第1段提出的现象。(可解50题)‎ ‎ one’s work.”‎ ‎[定区间·细比对]‎ ‎46．What do we know about John?‎ A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.‎ B．He had few childhood playmates.‎ C．He received little love from his family.‎ D．He was envied by others in his childhood.‎ ‎50．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ A．Competent adults know more about love than work.‎ B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.‎ C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.‎ D．Independence is the key to one’s success.‎ ‎[答案]　46.A　50.B ‎46．由题干关键词定位到第1段划波浪线部分，分析得出答案。‎ ‎50．由题干关键词定位到最后一段(结论段)，归纳得出答案。‎