2020届二轮复习书面表达中如何使行文连贯

2020届二轮复习书面表达中如何使行文连贯

‎2020届二轮复习书面表达中如何使行文连贯 连词犹如“桥梁”和“黏合剂”，可以避免文章结构松散、层次不明、表达不清等弊端。恰当地使用连词可使句与句之间结构紧凑，段落之间过渡自然。根据意思和作用的不同，连词可以分为以下十五类：‎ ‎1.表示并列关系的连词：and, as well as, not only... but also, both ... and等；‎ ‎2.表示补充的连词：moreover, furthermore, besides, in addition, what’s more, what’s worse等；‎ ‎3.表示转折对比的连词：but, however, on the contrary, on the one hand ... on the other hand等；‎ ‎4.表示原因的连词：because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to等；‎ ‎5.表示结果的连词：so, thus, therefore, consequently, as a result, so that等；‎ ‎6.表示条件的连词：if, unless, on condition that, as long as等；‎ ‎7.表示时间的连词：as soon as, the moment, from then on, meanwhile, not ... until, before等；‎ ‎8.表示顺序的连词：first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, next, finally等；‎ ‎9.表示解释的连词：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等；‎ ‎10.表示列举的连词：for instance, for example, such as, take ... for example等；‎ 11. 表示陈述事实的连词：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you ‎ the truth等；‎ ‎12.表示强调的连词：certainly, surely, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, indeed等；‎ ‎13.表示比较的连词：similarly, similar to, the same as, in contrast, compared with / to等；‎ ‎14.表示目的的连词：for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等；‎ ‎15.表示总结的连词：in short, in brief, to sum up, in a nut shell, in conclusion等。‎ 连词使用常见错误例析 ‎1. 不能准确理解和把握英语中连词的作用 ‎    英语与汉语在句子结构方面最基本的差异是：汉语句子重意合，英语句子重形合。也就是说，汉语并不追求形式上的完整，往往只求达意；而英语句法重视句子结构形式的完整和逻辑上的合理。具体来讲，在英语中，两个简单句之间不能用逗号分开，要用连词连接起来，或者使它们单独成句子。例如：‎ 误：We came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up, stopped us.‎ 正：When we came to the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.‎ 正：We came to the crossroads. A young man and a girl came up and stopped us.‎ 析：显然误句是按照汉语思维进行组句的。纠正时既可使用连词连接两句，也可使前后两部分单独成句。另外，同一个句子中，两个并列的动词之间也必须用连词。‎ ‎2. 从属连词与并列连词同时使用 ‎       众所周知，并列连词and, but, or, so等用来引导并列句，从属连词用来引导各种从句。在使用连词时，注意不要将though / although和but, because / since / as和so同时用在一个句子中。例如：‎ 误：Though he caught a cold, but he still went to school.‎ 正：Though he caught a cold, he still went to school.‎ 正：He caught a cold, but he still went to school.‎ ‎3. 混淆介词和连词 ‎       由于受汉语干扰，容易错把一些介词当作连词。主要有以下几种 情形：‎ ‎（1）表示“随着”时，引导从句要用as，不能用with，因为with是介词。如若使用with，应当用with的复合结构来表示。例如：‎ 误：With time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.‎ 正：As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.‎ 正：With time going on, Einstein’s theory proved to be true.‎ ‎（2）表示“当……时候”时，从句的引导词要用when或while，不能用during，因为during是介词。例如：‎ 误：During you are away, I’ll be kind to him.‎ 正：When you are away, I’ll be kind to him.‎ ‎（3）表示“尽管”时，引导从句要用though / although，不能用in spite of，因为in spite of后面不能跟从句。例如：‎ 误：In-spite of the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.‎ 正：Though the working conditions were poor, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.‎ 正：In-spite of the poor working conditions, they fulfilled the task ahead of time.‎ ‎4. 不能正确使用关联连词 ‎       关联连词是意义相关的一组连词，使用时应注意匹配一致。‎ ‎1）误：You can take either this one and that one.‎ 正：You can take either this one or that one.‎ 析：这里either和or是意义相关的一组连词，故应将and改为or。‎ ‎2）误：He was not only impressed by the Chinese doctors’ skill, but by their devotion to the patient.‎ 正：He was impressed not only by the Chinese doctors’ skill, but by their devotion to the patient.‎ 析：not only ... but (also)用来连接两个并列成分，故应将题干中的not only置于impressed之后。‎ ‎5. 对部分特殊连词缺乏了解 ‎       英语中有一部分名词短语及副词可用作连词，这种由于词性发生转化而被使用的连词对同学们会有极大的迷惑性，学习时应特别注意掌握。如由名词短语转化的连词：the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, the first / last time, each / every time等；由副词转化来的连词有：immediately, directly, instantly等。‎ ‎1）误：Iliked her for the first time I met her.‎ ‎       正：I liked her the first time I met her.‎ 析：此处the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，此时其前无须再加介词for.‎ ‎2）误：Every time when I went to her house, she was out.‎ ‎       正：Every time I went to her house, she was out.‎ 析：every time可以用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，故应去掉 ‎ when。  ‎