2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(八)如何理清句间递进

2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(八)如何理清句间递进

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(八) 如何理清句间递进 句子间的递进关系是指在阐述中心论点时，各层次之间是环环相扣、逐层深入的关系，前一部分论述是后一部分论述的基础，最后推导出文章的结论。递进标志词有：besides, furthermore, in addition to ..., even, more than that等。利用递进关系可推出文段大意并准确解题。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2017•全国卷Ⅱ•阅读七选五 When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then. __38__. It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.‎ A．If you're busy, don't feel bad about saying no B．When you want to avoid interruptions at work C．Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes D．If you're in the other person's office or in a public area E．It's important that you let them know when you'll be available F．It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you G．Leave it open when you're available to talk and close it when you're not ‎[分析]　空前一句说“当有人试图打扰你时，提出新的沟通时间，让他们在预约时间过来或者你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮助你消除未来受到打扰的可能”；空格前后构成递进关系。选E。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2017•江苏卷•B篇 It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens (鹪鹩) also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中In addition为递进关系的标志词；其前说明了一种研究成果；其后说明了另外一种研究方式。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2015•浙江卷•阅读理解第二节 ‎61．________ No need to get all bent out of shape about going to see the professor. The professor would actually like to see you and answer your questions.Believe it or not, he or she is on your side and is eager to see you do well.And besides, he or she has seen many students stupider than you, so nothing you're going to ask will set the record for stupidity.‎ A．Come in with something to say.‎ B．Prepare general comments.‎ C．Bring materials with you.‎ D．Don't make them wait.‎ E．Have no fear.‎ F．Go it alone.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中besides为递进关系的标志词；其前叙述了教授喜欢见到你，也喜欢回答你的问题；其后叙述了教授见到过许多比你笨的学生；这种层层递进的叙述方式是在支撑该段的主题：“不要害怕”(Have no fear.)，即61题。故选E。‎ ‎[高考典例4]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•完形填空 During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41(jumped_at) the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn't want to 42(save) a few dollars? More than that, I'd always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren't 43(excited) enough about free credits, news about our 44(instructor) was appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which 45(meant) I would be learning from one of the game's 46(best). I could hardly wait to 47(meet) him.‎ ‎[分析]　本段中More than that为递进关系的标志词，表明作者学习这门功课的心情在逐步增强。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•南昌市一模)Alongside air and water, food is a necessity for human beings to survive and thrive. But it's a lot more than that. As Mariette Dichristina of Scientific American wrote, “The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”‎ Nowadays, for most people in the world's wealthiest countries, food is a hobby, an enthusiasm, and even something fashionable.‎ Turn on the TV in the US, UK or France, and you'll find at least one channel feeding this popular obsession.‎ And most of us know at least one person who thinks of themselves as a “foodie”. It's almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.‎ But behind the fancy recipes and social media bragging (夸耀), many of us forget how much we take food for granted. This is why World Food Day is held each year.‎ Take Kenya for example. This east African nation has been suffering terrible droughts. The result is that people are beginning to starve. Children in particular are suffering, with some of them even dying.‎ This may seem shocking to know, especially as many cultures outside of Africa think of food in a completely different way. But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks — European organizations that hand out donated food to those who can't afford to pay for it themselves.‎ So what can we do on World Food Day? One good way to spend it would be to feel humble and appreciate what we have. After all, food is essential for survival, but not everyone is as lucky as we are when it comes to dinner time.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，认为美食是理所当然的，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。珍惜粮食，从我做起！‎ ‎1．According to Mariette Dichristina, what has the closest relationship with us?‎ A．Air.　　　　　　　　　B．Water.‎ C．Food. D．Human beings.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中Mariette Dichristina所写的“The most intimate (亲密的) relationship we will ever have is not with any fellow human being. Instead, it is between our bodies and our food.”可知，我们最亲密的关系不是人与人之间的关系，而是我们的身体和食物之间的关系；据此可知，Mariette Dichristina认为和我们关系最亲密的是食物，故 C项正确。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “foodie” in Paragraph 4probably mean?‎ A．Delicious food. B．A person fond of food.‎ C．A social media app. D．A photo of delicious meals.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的第二句“It's almost impossible nowadays to check our social media apps without at least two or three photos of delicious meals appearing on our screen.”可知，这些人最喜欢在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片；结合画线词所在句子中的“thinks of themselves as a ‘foodie’”可以判断，该处画线词指人，故foodie意为“美食爱好者”，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Who can get help from food banks?‎ A．Poor people in the UK.‎ B．Poor people in Africa.‎ C．Starving children in Kenya.‎ D．People in the droughtstricken.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的最后一句“But even in the UK, families on low incomes are forced to use food banks ...who can't afford to pay for it themselves.”可知，即使是在英国，低收入家庭也被迫要使用食物银行；该组织是一个向那些无钱购买食物的人捐赠食物的欧洲组织。据此可知，贫穷的英国人可以获得食物银行的帮助，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．What's the best title for the text?‎ A．Treat Food as a Hobby B．Time to Appreciate Food C．Food Shortage in Some Countries D．How to Spend World Food Day 解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，许多人将美食当作嗜好，他们在社交媒体软件上晒美食照片，享受着美味食品，但是他们并没有想到在世界的许多地方人们还忍饥挨饿，这就是世界粮食日成立的原因。据此推断，B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 On Monday, April 20, we experienced heavy rain and fierce winds. During a break in the weather on Tuesday morning, I __1__ decided to drive into town to buy some food.‎ I left the supermarket around 10 am. __2__， as I drove the six kilometers back to my home, the weather took a __3__ for the worse. It was raining very __4__ and I was forced to take a __5__ I don't usually travel. Nearing my town, I watched as the water level on the road __6__ in front of me. I had nowhere to go.‎ The driver of a fourwheel drive signaled from his car to tell me not to try and cross the __7__ road. Then I noticed a man in his early 30s in his front yard __8__ the situation. He quickly waved to me to come and __9__ in his driveway away from the rushing water.‎ The man called Trent then invited me to wait __10__ the rain inside his house. I told him I was concerned about the __11__ to my father's car, which I was driving, __12__ the continuing rain started to turn into hail (冰雹). Trent then took a cover from his garage and __13__ my car to protect it from the hail. __14__， his efforts saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail.‎ While waiting for the __15__ to improve, I learned that Trent had __16__ his job ten months ago and was trying his hand as a local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet.‎ By 12：30 pm the rain __17__ so I asked Trent if he thought it would be safe enough to __18__ the road — he told me it was. As I left, I insisted on __19__ two of his business cards, and my ‎ father has since called Trent to offer him __20__ as a handyman at our place doing various small jobs.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者描述了他在一场大雨中得到好心人的帮助的经历。‎ ‎1．A.actually　　　　　　 　　 B．carefully C．stupidly D．mentally 解析：选C　由下文提到的作者遭遇的恶劣天气可知，作者贸然开车出去买食物的决定是“愚蠢地(stupidly)”。‎ ‎2．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 解析：选D　由下文“我”因大雨无法继续前行回家可知，“我离开超市时没有下雨”和“开了一段之后天气突然‘变得糟糕(took a turn for the worse)’”之间是转折关系，故用However。‎ ‎3．A.way B．turn C．manner D．pattern 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.lightly B．normally C．heavily D．regularly 解析：选C　因雨下得“太大(heavily)”，“我”被迫改“道(road)”驱车回家。‎ ‎5．A.town B．road C．risk D．market 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎6．A.rose B．arrived C．fell D．disappeared 解析：选A　由下文的“I had nowhere to go.”和“the rushing water”可知，由于雨势太大，“我”前面的路面积水“升高(rose)”。‎ ‎7．A.busy B．wide C．quiet D．dangerous 解析：选D　由上文可推知，路面积水升高使得道路“危险(dangerous)”，因此一位司机示意告诉“我”不要试图穿过道路。‎ ‎8．A.sticking with B．dealing with C．messing up D．sizing up 解析：选D　由下文那位叫Trent的男子向“我”招手示意去他家躲避来势汹汹的大雨可知，这位三十岁左右的男子在他家前院“检查(sizing up)”路面情况。‎ ‎9．A.call B．park C．wash D．stay 解析：选B　由下文的“wait __10__ the rain his house”可知，Trent让“我”把车“停到(park)”他家。‎ ‎10．A.on B．for C．out D．behind 解析：选C　Trent是“我”回家路上遇到的一位好心的陌生人，他邀请“我”去他家“等待雨停(wait out the rain)”。‎ ‎11．A.approach B．reaction C．damage D．attention 解析：选C　由下文的“saved Dad's car from being destroyed by the hail ‎”可知，“我”担心父亲的车因冰雹而“受损(damage)”。‎ ‎12．A.as B．if C．so D．but 解析：选A　“我担心父亲的车受损”和“一直下的雨开始变成冰雹”之间是因果关系，故用as。‎ ‎13．A.hid B．cleaned C．measured D．covered 解析：选D　Trent从车库拿出一个外罩是为了“遮住(covered)”“我”的车以免被冰雹砸坏。‎ ‎14．A.Suddenly B．Secretly C．Interestingly D．Fortunately 解析：选D　由“his efforts saved Dad's car”可知，“庆幸的是(Fortunately)”，Trent的举措挽救了父亲的车，使其避免被冰雹砸坏。‎ ‎15．A.job B．water C．weather D．business 解析：选C　“我”到Trent家是为了等“天气(weather)”好转。‎ ‎16．A.got B．lost C．kept D．finished 解析：选B　由下文的“as a local handyman (做零活的人) to make ends meet”可知，通过做零活勉强糊口的Trent“失去(lost)”工作已经十个月了。‎ ‎17．A.came B．poured C．stopped D．continued 解析：选C　由下文“it would be safe enough”和“As I left”可知，12：30的时候雨“停(stopped)”了，于是“我”问Trent是否足够安全可以“上路(hit the road)”。‎ ‎18．A.repair B．hit C．follow D．build 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ ‎19．A.taking B．accepting C．signing D．borrowing 解析：选A　“我”与Trent认识之前他就在做零工，因此“我”离开时坚持要“拿走(taking)”两张他的名片。‎ ‎20．A.chance B．work C．service D．transport 解析：选B　由“at our place doing various small jobs”可知，父亲之后常打电话给Trent提供做零活的“工作(work)”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019•深圳市调研)Visiting Xi'an was once my dream.It became a reality when I was admitted to a training course in China along with two other __1__ (lady)．Finally, the day arrived __2__ I landed at Xianyang International Airport in early August.As soon as I landed, I __3__ (feel) a change in the atmosphere.I saw people standing in queues __4__ (wait) for their turn at the immigration desk.Afterwards, we were transported to the office in the International Exhibition Center.China had invited participants __5__ twentythree developing countries to share digital television broadcasting techniques with them.‎ In my 20 days in Xi'an, I got the opportunity to observe Chinese culture closely, __6__ thus it left an unforgettable mark on me.Now, Xi'an is like my second home.Since I came back to ‎ Pakistan, I have been missing Xi'an __7__ (bad)．‎ My 20day stay in Xi'an was __8__ great experience.It was a learning opportunity, and also a chance to __9__ (broad) my understanding of diversity.I learned that despite differences of colors, heights, races and religions, all human beings __10__ (tie) by the bond of humanity, and that the future of nations is global with development and peace.‎ 语篇解读：作者通过去西安参加一个培训课程的经历，增强了对中国文化的了解，并感叹文化是不分国界和种族的。‎ ‎1．ladies　考查名词复数。数词two后应接可数名词的复数形式，故填ladies。‎ ‎2．when　考查状语从句。句意：八月初，当我降落到咸阳国际机场时，那一天终于到来了。设空处引导时间状语从句，故填when。‎ ‎3．felt　考查动词时态。根据从句时态提示词“landed”并结合语境可知，主句也应用一般过去时，故填felt。‎ ‎4．waiting　考查非谓语动词。此处为“see＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构，wait与people之间为主动关系，且wait表示的动作正在进行，要用现在分词作宾补，故填waiting。‎ ‎5．from　考查介词。设空处表示“来自……”，故填介词from。‎ ‎6．and　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，句中不缺少成分，且空格前后是两个并列分句，且是递进关系，故填and。‎ ‎7．badly　考查副词。修饰谓语动词have been missing应用副词，故填badly。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。experience作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，因此此处用不定冠词表示泛指，故填a。‎ ‎9．broaden　考查动词。不定式符号to后接动词原形，故填broaden，意为“增长；扩大”。‎ ‎10．are tied　考查动词时态和语态。主语human beings是复数，与谓语动词tie之间为被动关系，且叙述的是一般事实，故填are tied。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 Dear Peter，‎ I am so pleasing to hear from you and am writing to introduce our school to you. When you enter the school gate, you can see a wonderful fountain in front you.On your left is the teaching building, a tallest building in our school. The specially designed art center is on your right, that is very beautiful. Walking on further, and you'll find our lab building. Besides it, there lies the sports ground, where we held every sports meeting.Surrounding with trees, our school provides a comfortable learning environment.‎ Welcome to our school. I believe you will have a nice time here because of our various school activity. The teachers and students here are nicely and friendly. Waiting for your coming.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 答案：第一句：pleasing→pleased 第二句：front后加of 第三句：a→the 第四句：that→which 第五句：去掉and或Walking→Walk 第六句：Besides→Beside; held→hold 第七句：Surrounding→Surrounded 第九句：activity→activities 第十句：nicely→nice