2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之四：形容词和副词

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之四：形容词和副词

‎2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之四：形容词和副词 形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识点。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。语法填空题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词作定语或表语、形容词和副词的比较级或最高级、形容词和副词的词性转化等。短文改错题对形容词和副词的考查主要是形容词和副词之间的错用，以及形容词之间、副词之间的错用等。‎ ‎(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ London is one of the 1.________ (large) cities in the world. Its population is 2.________ (small) than Tokyo or Shanghai, but it is one of the 3.________ (popular) tourist destinations of all. London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces and other sights, but it also includes a 4.________ (wide) range of peoples, cultures and religions than many other places. People used to say that it was the dirtiest city too, but it is now much 5.________ (clean) than it was. To the surprise of many people, it now has some of the 6.________ (good) restaurants in Europe too. For some people, this makes London the ‎ 7.________ (exciting) city in Europe. Unfortunately, London is definitely not the 8.________ (expensive) city in Europe, though a holiday in London is good value for money, considering what there is to see and do there.‎ 答案：1.largest　2.smaller　3.most popular　4.wider　5.cleaner　6.best　7.most exciting　8.least expensive ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 ‎1.填形容词或副词的比较级 提示词是形容词或副词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，特别是空格后有比较级标志词than时，应考虑填形容词或副词的比较级。‎ 使用比较级的常见情况：‎ ‎(1)根据比较等级的句式判断，如果后面有than就用比较级。(如题2，4，5)‎ ‎(2)有时候比较级结构中并不出现than，而是根据语境判断用比较级。‎ ‎(3)当空格前有表示程度的词，如a bit, a little, much, far, a great/good deal, a lot等或有still, even等词修饰时，需填比较级。‎ ‎(4)表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...”结构。‎ ‎(5)“否定词＋比较级”可以表达最高级含义。‎ ‎2.填形容词或副词的最高级 使用最高级的常见情况：‎ ‎(1)表达在某个范围内“最……”时，使用“the＋形容词/副词的最高级＋比较范围”‎ 提示词为形容词或副词时，分析句子成分后若发现词性不需要改变，并且句中有比较范围，句意有最高级含义时，要填其最高级形式。‎ 结构。表示范围的标志词有in, of, among等。(如题6，7，8)‎ ‎(2)当空格前有the second/third ..., one of ...等词时，需填最高级。(如题1，3)‎ ‎(3)形容词最高级前的修饰语通常有序数词以及by far, almost, nearly等。如：‎ I am by far the most active member in our group.‎ 我是我们组最活跃的成员。‎ ‎(一)考点练悟 下文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。‎ Dear Lily，‎ Well, we've moved at last! When we got here, the flat seemed large than we remembered, because it was empty, but now it's got our furniture in it, so it doesn't feel as large as before. We've got to do some decorating, and that will be expensive than we expected because the walls are in a bad condition than we thought. But we'll manage somehow, and soon we'll have the more attractive house in the town. And if your Uncle Bob has his way, we'll have the lovely garden as well. We'll also be the poorer and the most exhausted householders in the country, but never mind. We ‎ still think moving here is the best thing we've done for years. We can't imagine now why we didn't do it when we were more younger. Come and see us soon. Catch a train if you can, because it's almost as cheaper as the bus, and the railway station is nearer to our end of town.‎ Love from us both，‎ Auntie Rosie 答案：第二句：第一个large→larger 第三句：expensive前加more; bad→worse 第四句：more→most 第五句：lovely→loveliest 第六句：poorer→poorest 第八句：去掉more 第十句：cheaper→cheap ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 ‎1.原级、比较级和最高级之间的错用 ‎1.根据标志词“than, in, of, among”等，并结合具体语境检查是否存在比较等级的错用。‎ ‎2.熟记使用比较等级的常见情况。‎ ‎3.熟记使用最高级的情况。‎ ‎2.检查是否存在比较级修饰比较级的情况 若形容词和副词后面加了er，前面就不能再用more。‎ ‎(一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空)‎ ‎(2019·福建泉州市质量检查改编)Hunter Adams spent many years in a 1.________ (specially) hospital for people with mental 2.________ (healthy) problems, but he was 3.________ (happy). When he left the hospital, he went to a medical school in Virginia, U．S.A., where he did things in a 4.________ (differ) way. For example, when he visited his patients, he wore shirts with flowers on them in an effort to make them 5.________ (happily). He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital, putting a special red nose on his face to look like a clown (小丑)．‎ Adams 6.________(firm) believed that people in hospital need more than medicine, trying to help them not only as patients, but also as people. When he graduated from medical school, he opened his own hospital called the “Gesundheit! Institute”. He wanted it to be a place with a special way of communicating with 7.________ (sickness) people.‎ In 1998, Universal Pictures produced a film about Hunter Adams. It was very 8.________(success). In the film, Robin Williams played Adams. Williams said, “Hunter is a 9.________ (true) warm person, believing that patients need a doctor who is a friend. I enjoy playing him 10.________(happy)．”‎ 答案：1.special　2.health　3.unhappy　4.different ‎5．happy　6.firmly　7.sick　8.successful　9.truly　10.happily ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 若提示词是形容词或副词，考虑形容词和副词之间的转化。‎ 解题规则 ‎1.作定语修饰名词，作表语或补足语时常用形容词。‎ ‎2.修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词(短语)或整个句子需用副词。‎ ‎3.根据句意留意加否定词缀的形容词。‎ ‎(三)重点强化 形容词变副词的规则 ‎1．一般情况加ly common→commonly　immediate→immediately ‎2．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加ly steady→steadily　busy→busily ‎3．以le结尾，去掉e加y simple→simply　gentle→gently ‎4．以ic结尾，加ally economic→economically　scientific→scientifically ‎ ‎(一)考点练悟 下文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处。请找出并改正。‎ Dear David，‎ It has been half a year since you left China. How's everything going?‎ Recent, an activity themed “Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” will be held in our school. Any foreign student who is enthusiastic about China can take part in it. I think you are suitably for the activity, for you used to live in China and learned so many about the country. You can write about your understanding of Chinese culture as good as your personally experiences in China. You are expected to write an article about 500 words in English. I'd appreciate it if you could mail your article to chinesestory2020@126.com before April 21st, 2020.‎ I'm looking forward to your participation.‎ Yours, ‎ Li Hua 答案：第三句：Recent→Recently 第五句：suitably→suitable; many→much 第六句：good→well; personally→personal ‎(二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 ‎1.形容词之间、副词之间的错用 ‎(1)“意近”引起的错用：例如many和much都表示“很多”，但many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎(2)“形近”引起的错用：例如hard与hardly，前者表示“努力地”，后者表示“几乎不”。‎ ‎(3)意思重复：例如so和very表达同一含义，故不能同时使用。‎ ‎(4)像deep, high, slow等本身也是副词，加上ly后还是副词，此时前者表示具体，后者表示抽象。‎ ‎2.形容词与副词之间的错用 一般来说，作定语和表语时用形容词；作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰整个句子时用副词。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 ‎(2019·青岛质量检测)There are many reasons __1__ college and university students often fail __2__ (get) a full night's of sleep. Many American students are away from their parents for the first time when they attend college. They might not be used to having total __3__ (free) to plan their days and nights. Parties, latenight study meetings, or just time spent relaxing with friends — these are all things that cut into college students' sleep habits.‎ A few years ago, Michael Scullin began teaching __4__ science of ‎ sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco, Texas. Scullin is an assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He said his students seemed to enjoy the class and were interested in the material he was teaching. The class __5__ (center) around why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems __6__ (cause) by lack of sleep. These include difficulty focusing on studies or __7__ (control) one's emotions, and increased risk of many diseases.‎ The United States, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours' sleep a night to stay __8__ (health). Scullin found students who slept more performed __9__ (well) in two different classes, __10__ he published his findings in two academic publications last November.‎ 语篇解读：文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的问题，以及贝勒大学的助手教授的研究发现。‎ ‎1．why　考查定语从句。句意为：大学生经常睡不了整夜的觉有许多原因。本空考查定语从句，后面的从句成分完整且前面的先行词是reasons。故填why。‎ ‎2．to get　考查非谓语动词。此处表示大学生睡不了整夜的觉。fail to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“未能做某事”。故填to get。‎ ‎3．freedom　考查词性转换。句意为：他们可能不习惯完全自由地去计划自己的白天与晚上。形容词后应用名词，作having的宾语。故填freedom。‎ ‎4．the　考查冠词。句意为：几年前，迈克尔·斯卡林开始教在得克萨斯州韦科市贝勒大学读心理学专业的学生睡眠科学。teach为及物动词，后可直接接宾语，空后是名词，此处应填冠词，具体科学前常用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎5．centered　考查动词的时态。句意为：该班级以研究人体为什么要睡觉和由于睡眠不足引起的身体与精神方面的健康问题为中心。根据时间状语“A few years ago”可知，研究发生在几年前，故此处应用一般过去时。故填 centered。‎ ‎6．caused　考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。problems与cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用cause的过去分词作“problems”的后置定语。故填caused。‎ ‎7．controlling　考查非谓语动词。句意为：这些(身心问题)包括专心学习和控制情绪方面的困难以及增加的(患上)许多疾病的风险。(have) difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事有困难”，且设空处与前面的“focusing”并列，形式应保持一致。故填controlling。‎ ‎8．healthy　考查词性转换。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。‎ ‎9．better　考查副词的比较级。句意为：斯卡林在两个不同的班级里发现睡得更多的同学表现得更好，并且他于去年十一月把他的发现发表在了两本学术刊物上。根据空前的“more”‎ 可知，此处应用比较级。故填better。‎ ‎10．and　考查连词。句意见上一题解析。由句意可知，两个分句之间是并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 ‎(2019·青岛质量检测)Yesterday, I was walked my dog in the evening when I saw the poor child who was selling some key chains. He had five key chains and asked for me to buy one. I asked myself, “Is he selling this build a house？” My heart answered, “No, this is for satisfying his hungry tonight.” I bought all the key chain and offered him milk and biscuits. I gave her a smiley key chain back as a gift, but his smile was awesome. I feel great satisfaction in my heart at that moment. I believe that life will be successfully if you win a smile from someone.‎ 答案：第一句：walked→walking；第二个the→a 第二句：去掉for 第三句：build前加to 第四句：hungry→hunger 第五句：chain→chains 第六句：her→him；but→and 第七句：feel→felt 第八句：successfully→successful