【英语】2018届二轮复习七选五型阅读理解典题探究练与析学案（16页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习七选五型阅读理解典题探究练与析学案（16页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 七选五型阅读理解典题探究练与析 ‎1. 略读文章抓大意 即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however,but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。‎ ‎2. 重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。‎ 事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。‎ ‎3. 看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。‎ ‎(1)标题结构。‎ 如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句。如：‎ ‎1. The basic function of money.‎ Being explaining the basic function ofmoney …‎ ‎2. Money lessons.‎ Approach money lessons with openness…‎ ‎3.    74  ‎ Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a product-a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. (2011新课标卷)‎ ‎ ‎ A. Wise decisions. ‎ B. The value of money.‎ 解析：本题要求选小标题。观察其他标题，都是名词短语，因此，本标题也应是名词短语；七个选项中只有A、B两个选项是名词短语，这样就可大大缩小选择范围；浏览两个选项，再看空后文字，发现decisions与choices大意相同(近义词)，故选A项。‎ ‎(2)句子结构。‎ 如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子，如果是句子，看看是否有连词，如果没有连词，要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。如：‎ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.   36  , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. (2015新课标卷II)‎ ‎ ‎ A. After six days ‎ B. For a good marathon runner ‎ C. Before you begin your training ‎ E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them 解析：从句式结构上看，逗号后是祈使句，没有连词，正确答案要么是带有连词的从句，要么是一个短语，只有A、 B、 C、 E四个选项符合，这样就缩小了选择范围；根据空前句中的preparation (准备)，和常识可知是“训练前”，故选C项。‎ ‎4. 词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher,parent的上义词，而teacher,parent就是adult的下义词)。‎ 词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而七选五正是考查语篇衔接，因此，利用词语复现解七选五十分管用。在近五年的8套全国新课标卷共40道题中有13道题利用这一招可直接选出答案，利用这一招可将选项缩小到2个选项的还有5道，也就是说，平均起来，几乎有一半的题仅用这一招就可解决。如：‎ ‎  39   If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.‎ ‎ But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. (2015新课标卷I) ‎ ‎  ‎ A. Learn to really trust yourself.   ‎ C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. ‎ D. Remember that you can expect the best inreturn.‎ 解析：要求选段落主题句。空后句三次出现victim一词, 七个选项中只有选项C中有victim，原词复现。将选项C“不要把自己当作受害者”代入空格处，与下文衔接紧密，故选C项。本段结构：总(总领)—分(细说)。‎ 值得注意的是，有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如：‎ ‎   38    Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your ‎ well-being. (2015新课标卷I) ‎ ‎ ‎ A. Learn to really trust yourself.   ‎ B. It is putting confidence in someone.       ‎ C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ 解析：要求选段落主题句。不要因为选项B与空后句中都有confidence，原词复现就选B，也不要因为选项C中与空后句中都有yourself，原词复现就选C。选项A中的trust yourself与空格后的Having confidence in yourself(信任你自己)是同义复现，所以该选项是重点考虑对象；将选项A代入原文，上下句意为“学会真正地信任你自己。信任你自己有助于做出更好的选择……”语义衔接紧密，故选A。‎ ‎5. 代词逻辑亦管用 我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如：‎ Try to solve the problem. After you’re calmand you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business.  74   Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (2012新课标卷) ‎ ‎ ‎ D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress isgone. ‎ E. You need to figure out what the problemis. ‎ F. And don’t forget about your friends.‎ 解析：本段主题句是“Tryto solve the problem”，空后句又有solve it，其中it指什么？当然是theproblem，因此，前句中一定会出现problem一词，七个选项中只有E项符合。‎ 根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题，如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。如：‎ ‎●Get a coach ‎ 51 , so get help. Since there are about abillion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you. (2013新课标卷II)‎ ‎ ‎ C. Turn your back on too many rules ‎ D. Check the rules about dos and don’ts ‎ E. Whatever the presentation, publicspeaking is tough 解析：由空后的so(因此，引出结果)可知，空处要填的应是“要得到帮助”的原因；选项E中public speaking is tough (当众演讲是困难的)正是寻求帮助的原因，故选E项。(因果逻辑关系)‎ ‎6. 篇章需要基本功 有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是主题句(总)+支撑句(分)(分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如：‎ From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time.  36  Money isa topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. (2014新课标卷II)‎ ‎ ‎ A. Try new things. ‎ B. Ability is easily improved. ‎ C. Make three or four instead.‎ 解析：空前主题句中提到ability,money, time三个主要原因，空后提到了money与time, 所以这里应是谈ability, 故选B项。‎ 众所周知，有问就有答，问什么就答什么。根据这一常识，对解题也很有帮助。如：‎ The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.  36  By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (2014新课标卷I)‎ ‎ ‎ C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. ‎ D. So how can we help our kids prepare forjobs that don’t yet exist? ‎ G. Being able to communicate ideas in ameaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ 解析：由空后By doingsth. (通过做某事)这个表示方式的介词短语可知，此空应该是一个以how开头的疑问句，故选D项。‎ 此外，有时利用词语同现也有助于选出正确选项。所谓词语同现，就是有相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性。如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fall, pass,maths, learn等这些词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。如：‎ Your children need to be deeply curious.  37  Ask kids, “What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”(2014新课标卷I)‎ ‎ ‎ A. Encourage kids to cook with you. ‎ B. And we can’t forget science education. ‎ C. We can give kids chances to think aboutmaterials in new ways.‎ 解析：与空后句中的ingredients(配料)，pancakes(薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只有选项A中的cook，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Do you usually feel you're working hard but still can’t reach your study ‎ goals? Here are some quick tips to help you study better.‎ ‎♦ Study with a partner or in groups Rather than living in a cave with your nose in the books all day, grab a friend from your class and study with him. 31 ‎ ‎♦ Step into your teacher’s shoes Ask yourself “If I were the teacher, what would I put on the test?” You have probably experienced a lot of your teacher’s tests and quizzes by now. 32 Teachers have specific types of information that they want you to learn. The structure is usually the same.‎ ‎♦ Paint pictures on the paper You can build your knowledge structure in the form of pictures. It’s harder to remember each piece of a puzzle individually than it is to recall the completed picture. 33 ‎ ‎♦ 34 ‎ A hungry brain is an ineffective one. Your brain needs the proper nutrients to keep it going. Because of this, what you eat and drink also plays a huge role in how sharp your brain is. Healthy foods provide nutrients to your brain cells to keep them energized.‎ ‎♦ Take breaks to relax your brain Your brain is like a muscle. It can be also tired if you overwork it 35 If you divide studying into 15 to 30 minutes blocks with quick breaks in between, your brain will feel refreshed, grateful and ready for the next challenge you throw at.‎ A. Feed your brain from time to time.‎ B. It needs exercise to make it stronger.‎ C. Relax your brain by eating and drinking.‎ D. You’d better learn from them for the next test.‎ E. It’s necessary to have a long holiday and have nice food.‎ F. Find ways to connect what you are learning to real life or to other concepts.‎ G. Group studying helps you to engage and process the information more deeply.‎ ‎31-35 GDFAB ‎【二】‎ Worry problems are everywhere in our daily life. How to solve them? The answer is that we must equip ourselves to handle different kinds of worries by learning the three basic steps of problem analysis. The three steps are：‎ Get the facts Why is it so important to get the facts? Unless you have the facts, you can’t possibly attempt to solve your problem intelligently. Without the facts, all you can do is wondering around in confusion. 36 When you are worried, your emotions are riding high. But here are two ideas that can help you see the facts in a clear and objective way.‎ When trying to get the facts, you can pretend that you are collecting this information not for yourself but for some other person. This will help you to take a cold and fair view of the evidence. You can also pretend that you are a lawyer preparing to agree. 37 You will generally find the truth lies somewhere in between.‎ Analyze the facts ‎ 38 And write out all the various steps you could take and then the probable consequences (后果) of each step. For example, what am I worrying about? What can I do about it? Here is what I’m going to do about it. After carefully weighing all the facts, you can calmly come to a decision.‎ ‎ 39 ‎ Unless you take your action, all you face—finding and analysing—is a waste of energy. How can you break the worry habit before it breaks ‎ you? Move worry out of your mind by keeping busy. 40 Accept what can’t be avoided If you know a situation is beyond your power, say to yourself: “It is so; it can, t be otherwise.” Don’t permit little things to ruin your happiness. Try to develop a mental attitude that will bring you peace and happiness.‎ A. Act on that decision.‎ B. It is not an easy job to get facts.‎ C. Decide how much anxiety a thing may be worth.‎ D. Plenty of action is one of the best ways to cure worry.‎ E. There comes a time when you must decide and never look back.‎ F. Try to get all the facts both on your side and the other side of the case.‎ G. Whenever you are worried, write down the questions that make you worry.‎ ‎36〜40 BFGAD ‎【三】‎ How can we keep safe personal information on our computers or cellphones? 36 ‎ View emails with a careful eye It’s best to view all emails with care. Hackers can make emails look like real company emails. 37 It’s best to search for the original source of the information, and try to find the direct link from the site instead of using the link provided in the email.‎ Use two-factor authentication（双重认证）‎ Two-factor authentication adds a second level of security to an account. 38 It’s a security option that requires a password as well as an additional piece of information only the user would know.‎ Update apps and operating systems ‎ 39 While these updates may appear to only change the way your phone’s software looks, they often come with security improvements. There may be a bug（软件漏洞）. Those bugs are discovered by cell providers or smartphone makers, so it’s a good idea to upgrade them.‎ ‎ 40 ‎ It’s no surprise that changing your password has always been a basic form of protection. But what we pick as passwords and how we manage them are important. First, passwords should never include your personal information. So stay away from names and birthdates. Ideally, passwords are a combination of lowercase（小写）and uppercase（大写）letters and random characters. It could be a strong, long password ‎ that doesn’t have any personal information, making it harder to remember.‎ A. Manage passwords security B. Here are some steps to make it.‎ C. Often users are unwilling to update their mobile devices.‎ D. Combine your personal information with random figures E. It can trick readers into clicking on dangerous links.‎ F. Here are some ways to create your online personal passwords.‎ G. Do it if there’s an option for your email, banking site or social media site.‎ 答案： 36-40 BEGCA ‎【四】‎ You might be reading this article and saying, “Hey, that sounds just like me!”36. ‎ Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that:‎ Ask for help ‎ ‎37. Just talking to someone about test anxiety can ‎ make you feel better. Describe what happens to you when you’re taking a test and these people can help you figure out some solutions.38. ‎ Be prepared ‎ Pay attention in class. Do your homework. Study for the test. On test day, you’re more likely to feel like you know the material.‎ ‎39. ‎ Watch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test. These thoughts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well in the test.‎ Accept mistakes Everyone makes mistakes. Be more forgiving of your own mistakes, especially if you prepared for the test and are set to do your best.‎ Breathe better OK, so you already know how to breathe. But did you know that breathing exercises can help calm you down? Here’s how to do it. Inhale slowly and deeply through your nose, and then exhale slowly through your mouth. 40. ‎ A. Block bad thoughts.‎ B. With the aid of them, you may have more confidence on your ‎ test-day. ‎ C. If so, we’re glad you recognize that this happens to you.‎ D. Be more careful.‎ E. It means you have the same interest.‎ F. Talk to your mom or dad, your teacher, or your school guidance counselor.‎ G. Do this several times and you might breathe more easily the next time you’re taking a 答案：36-40 CFBAG