2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二：无提示词类

2020届二轮复习短文语法填空解题技巧之二：无提示词类

‎2020届二轮复习 短文语法填空解题技巧之二：无提示词类 ‎(一)高频考点之一：填介词 解题攻略 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面一般是填介词。对介词的考查通常侧重于固定搭配中的介词及常见介词的习惯用法。‎ 典例1‎ ‎(2019·6月浙江高考)But can uniforms help improve school standards？The answer __61__ this question is not clear.‎ 分析：the answer to...……的答案。故填to。‎ 典例2‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __63__ dogs, seven to be exact. ‎ 分析：a pack of是固定搭配，一群……。故填of。‎ 典例3‎ ‎(2018·6月浙江高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time 分析：根据语境可知，此处表示“目的”，应用介词for。‎ ‎ you go to your mum's home __65__ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.‎ ‎(二)高频考点之二：填冠词 解题攻略 当空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义，或者空格处修饰序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式时，那么空格处一般是填冠词。有时还考查冠词在一些固定搭配中的用法。‎ 典例4‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Of __69__　nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable，one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.‎ 分析：此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。‎ 典例5‎ ‎(2019·6月浙江高考)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody will have to worry about fashion(时尚)．Everybody wears __57__ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected 分析：此处特指校服的款式相同，the same ...相同的……。‎ ‎ ways.‎ 典例6‎ ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as __62__model in New York.‎ 分析：句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。‎ ‎(三)高频考点之三：填从属关联词 解题攻略 当空格前后为两个句子，且其中一个句子在另一句中充当某一句子成分时，空格处应填从属关联词。一般情况下，考查的是定语从句的关联词，有时也考查名词性从句或状语从句的关联词。‎ 典例7‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __61__ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。‎ 典例8‎ ‎(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They were 分析：‎ ‎ well trained by their masters __64__ had great experience with caring for these animals. ‎ 分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词their masters，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who。‎ 典例9‎ ‎(2019·6月浙江高考)A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __58__ gives off light in the dark.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的先行词a piece of cloth，而且在从句中作主语，所以用that/which来引导。‎ 典例10‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I'm not sure __61__is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.‎ 分析：句意：我不确定谁更害怕，是我还是那只雌猩猩……，故填who。‎ 典例11‎ ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time, __65__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.‎ 分析：根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”或“当……时候”，故填as/when。‎ ‎(四)低频考点：填并列连词和代词 解题攻略 当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般是填并列连词。‎ 代词分为不定代词、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和it。代词的选择取决于代词在句中所作的成分以及所代指的人或物。如果句中缺主语，则填代词的主格形式；如果句中缺宾语，则填代词的宾格形式；若句中缺形式主语或形式宾语，则填it；若句中宾语和主语相同，则填反身代词。‎ 典例12‎ ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water__65__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.‎ 分析：根据比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻用水量进行比较，需填连词，故填than。‎ 典例13‎ ‎(2018·6月浙江高考)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap __58__can be to eat out.‎ 分析：此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是to eat out。‎ ‎[课堂应用体验]‎ A ‎(2019·湖南六校联考)Twentyfive years ago, most young British people wanted a career in law, to be a doctor, or to take up singing. But today, things stand __1__ (different)．‎ According to a recent survey, the “dream job” of young people __2__ (age) between 16 and 25 in the UK is a video blogger, or “vlogger (视频博主)”. The survey, carried out among 1，002 people, found that over 40% of them put vlogger as their number one choice on a list of dream __3__ (career)．‎ The change is largely due to the rapid development of information technology (IT). The Internet and social media have made it __4__ (easy) and more convenient to reach a global audience, without having to enter a career in show business in the traditional way.‎ ‎“In the past, the biggest stars __5__ (make) by the Hollywood studios; now, anyone with a computer camera may become a star，” said Phil Samuels, __6__ expert from UK. “From fashion to comedy, these selfmade stars interact online with their fans about everyday life.”‎ However, what people see __7__ (be) only the bright side of being a vlogger and they ignore the fact __8__ only those who are successful can gain fame and fortune. Actually, __9__ every success there are a hundred others who never get off the starting block. This is why some young people still show __10__ (prefer) for traditional jobs.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今，随着信息技术的发展，年轻人梦想的职业是“网红”。其实，他们忽视了这样一个事实：在“网红”成功的背后，更多的是没有成功的人。‎ ‎1．differently　考查副词。空处修饰动词“stand”，故用副词形式。‎ ‎2．aged　考查固定用法。根据句意可知，此处表示16至25岁的年轻人，应用aged。‎ ‎3．careers　考查名词的单复数。career为可数名词，且结合该句中的“a list of”可知，此处表示多种职业，故用career的复数形式careers。‎ ‎4．easier　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and more convenient”可知，空处与之并列，也用比较级。‎ ‎5．were made　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“In the past”可知，此处描述发生在过去的事，故用一般过去时；根据该句中的“by the Hollywood studios”可知，该句主语“the biggest stars”和动词make之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；且主语为复数形式，故用were made。‎ ‎6．an　考查冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一位来自英国的专家”，故用不定冠词；且“expert”的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。‎ ‎7．is　考查主谓一致和时态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为“what people see”， 是what引导的主语从句，故谓语动词用单数；该句意为：然而，人们所看到的仅是视频博主光鲜的一面，忽视了只有那些成功者才能得到名气和财富这一事实。根据句意可知，该句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎8．that　考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，说明抽象名词“fact”的具体内容，故用that引导该同位语从句。‎ ‎9．for　考查介词。实际上，对于每个成功而言，有上百名其他人还从未起步。根据语境可知，此处应用介词for“对……来说”。‎ ‎10．preference　考查词性转换。分析该句结构可知，空处作及物动词“show”的宾语，故用名词形式。该句意为：这就是一些年轻人仍然喜欢传统工作的原因。‎ B ‎(2019·山西八校第一次联考)Most of us are familiar with the “Silk Road”， a network of land trading routes which connected northwestern China to Europe since the Han dynasty. With its recent __1__ (popular), you may have heard of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” as well, another network of land trading routes that connected China to various __2__ (part) of Asia and Europe before sailing became common. Historically, the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less __3__ (value) than the “Silk Road”. And because of their respective locations (位置), sometimes the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” __4__ (refer) to as the “Southern Silk Road”．‎ The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” got its name as Chinese tea and horses were the main products __5__ (buy) and sold along the route. Historians have traced the origins of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” back to the Tang dynasty, __6__ tea was being transported out of Yunnan to ‎ Beijing, Tibet, and other places. The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” was __7__ (far) developed during the Song and Ming dynasties, and remained __8__ busy trading route all year round until the Qing dynasty.‎ The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” served __9__ not only a trading route, but also a bridge connecting different races — such as Han and the Tibetan people. It is located near the “Roof of the World”， and is where many minority groups are located, __10__ (make) it a spot of many attractions.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶马古道的相关情况。‎ ‎1．popularity　考查词形转换。空前是形容词，且形容词前是形容词性物主代词its，后面应接popular的名词形式。popularity“受欢迎”。‎ ‎2．parts　考查名词的单复数。空处无限定词修饰，且part“区域，地区”为可数名词，故填parts。‎ ‎3．valuable　考查词性转换。根据空前的“the ‘Ancient Tea Horse Road’ is no less”和空后的“than”可知，空处应填形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示茶马古道的重要性并不低于丝绸之路，故填valuable“很重要的”。‎ ‎4．is referred　考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述的是现在的客观情况，应该用一般现在时，主语与“refer to”之间是被动关系，故要用被动语态。注意：refer的过去式和过去分词应双写r再加ed。‎ ‎5．bought　考查非谓语动词。动词buy与前面的名词“products”‎ 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动。注意：and后的sold也是暗示。‎ ‎6．when　考查非限制性定语从句。when为关系副词，在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面表示时间的先行词“the Tang dynasty”， 并在从句中作时间状语。‎ ‎7．further　考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处说的是茶马古道的进一步发展情况，而far的比较级有两种形式：farther和further。在指距离的远近时，两者都可用，但是当用来表示“进一步”的意义时，只能用further。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处说的是直到清代为止，茶马古道都是一条全年繁忙的贸易路线。此处表泛指，又busy的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎9．as　考查介词。serve as sth.表示“可用作，可当……使”，故填介词as。as表示“作为”。‎ ‎10．making　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处的非谓语动词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词making。‎ C ‎(2019·潍坊市统一考试)There is a saying that goes, “All roads lead to Rome.” Roads were essential for the __1__ (grow) of the Roman Empire. These roads enabled the Romans to move armies __2__ (efficient). At its peak, the Roman road system __3__ (cover) 53，000 miles and contained about 372 links. The Romans were good at ‎ constructing these roads, __4__ were called viae (路)．‎ Prepared viae began in history as the streets of Rome. The Law of the Twelve Tables (十二铜表法), __5__ (date) back to approximately 450 B．C., explains that a road shall be 8 feet wide where straight and 16 feet where curved. According to the Tables, Romans are commanded __6__ (build) roads that would not need frequent repair.‎ The Romans had __7__ preference for standardization whenever they could. A golden milestone was set up. __8__ this milestone were listed all of the cities in the empire and the distances to them.‎ Roman roads __9__ (consider) very important in maintaining both the stability and the expansion of the empire at that time. Even after over 1，000 years, these roads are still used. During the fall of the Roman Empire, the same roads offered __10__ (avenue) of invasion to the foreigners. This contributed to the Roman military ruin.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了罗马帝国的陆路系统。‎ ‎1．growth　考查词性转换。与该句中的定冠词“the”和“of”呼应可知，此处应用其名词形式，即growth。‎ ‎2．efficiently　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词efficiently修饰动词“move”。‎ ‎3．covered　考查动词的时态。与语境中的“contained”呼应可知，此处指的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，即covered。‎ ‎4．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词“these roads”，故用which。‎ ‎5．dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词短语date back to和句子主语“The Law of the Twelve Tables”是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用date的现在分词形式dating。‎ ‎6．to build　考查非谓语动词。根据固定用法command sb. to do sth.“命令某人做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。‎ ‎7．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处“preference”意为“偏爱”，可作可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎8．On　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在石碑上”，故用介词On。本句是一个倒装句，即介词短语置于句首时，句子全部倒装。‎ ‎9．were considered　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，consider和句子主语“Roman roads”构成被动关系，且与时间状语“at that time”呼应可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即were considered。‎ ‎10．avenues　考查名词的单复数。avenue是可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故用其复数形式。‎