【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词it用法学案（9页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题代词it用法学案（9页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题代词it用法学案 一. 教学内容：‎ it用法考点 二. 重难点讲解：‎ ‎1. Everyone knows that _______ is dangerous to play with fire, but _______ is difficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.‎ A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it ‎ 陷阱：很容易误选B，认为两空均考查形式主语。‎ 分析：最佳答案是D，第一空填形式主语，真正的主语是其后的不定式 to play with fire。第二空填 what，what is difficult 是主语从句，注意 what is difficult 后的谓语动词 is。请做以下类似试题：‎ ‎（1）I know ______ is important to know my own limitations, but _______ is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.‎ A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it ‎（2）Yes, ______ is difficult to find a job nowadays, but _____ is more difficult is try to find such a job with a high salary but little things to do.‎ A. it, it B. what, what C. it, what D. what, it ‎2. I dislike _______ when others laugh at me in public or think poorly of me behind.‎ A. that B. those C. it D. them 陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ 分析：最佳答案是C，因为在通常情况下，like 是及物动词，其后应有宾语（句中 it 即为其宾语）。句中的 when 从句不是宾语从句，而是时间状语从句，其中的 when 的意思是“当……的时候”。其实，也有的词典将 I don’t like it when （if）……作为一个句型来处理。能这样用的动词不多，主要的有enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示喜好的动词。‎ She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。‎ He hates it when people use his bike. 他讨厌别人用他的自行车。‎ 请做以下类似试题（答案均选 it）：‎ ‎（1）I hate _______ if people say such things in public. ‎ A. that B. those C. it D. them ‎（2）I’d prefer _______ if I didn’t have to get up early on Sundays. [来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ A. that B. such C. it D. which ‎（3）I would appreciate _______ very much if you could give me some suggestions.‎ A. this B. that C. it D. you ‎3. I’ve no idea. I just pretended nobody was at home, so I didn’t ask who _______ was. ‎ A. he B. that C. she D. it 陷阱：容易误选A或C。‎ 分析：最佳答案是D。it 用以指身份不明的人。若指身份明确的人，则不宜用it。比较：‎ ‎（1）Mr Smith is at the door. _______ wants to see you.‎ ‎（2）Someone is at the door. ________ must be Mr Smith.‎ A. He B. It C. This D. That 第（1）题选A，因为来者身份明确；第（2）选B，因为来者身份不明确。‎ ‎4. “Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.” “I know ________ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.”‎ A. one B. it ‎ C. some D. that 陷阱：容易误选B。‎ 分析：最佳答案是A。it 和 one 的区别可简单地概括为：it = the + 名词，one = a + 名词。如：‎ I haven’t got any pens, and I want to borrow one. 我没有钢笔，我想借一支。（one = a pen）‎ I have two pens, and I can lend one to you. 我有两本支钢笔，我可以借一支。（one = a pen）‎ I have a pen, and I can lend it to you. 我有一本钢笔，我可以把它借给你。（it = the pen）‎ 在上面一题中，one 相当于 one 相当于 a repair shop。请做下面一题（答案选A）：‎ There is only one English-Chinese dictionary in that book-shop. I wonder if you still want to buy _______.‎ A. it B. one ‎ C. another D. any ‎5. Will you see to _______ that my children are taken good care of while I am away?‎ A. it B. me C. yourself D. them 陷阱：几个干扰项均有可能误选。‎ 分析：最佳答案是A。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是空格后that引导的宾语从句。see to 意为“负责”、“注意”，其中的 to 为介词，不宜直接跟that引导的宾语从句，遇此情况可借助代词 it。请做下面两题，答案也是选 it：‎ ‎（1）I’ll see to _______ that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.‎ A. it B. me C. which D. them ‎（2）Will you see to _______ that the luggage is brought back as soon as possible?‎ A. me B. yourself C. it D. them 类似以上 see to 用法的短语还有 depend on, answer for 等。如下面两题答案也选 it：[来源:学#科#网]‎ ‎（1）You may depend on _______ that he will turn up in time. ‎ A. it B. me C. which D. them ‎（2）I can’t answer for ________ that the boy is honest. ‎ A. it B. me C. which D. them ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎1. Why shouldn’t I buy a new coat — I haven’t bought _____ for five years. ‎ A. it B. that ‎ C. one D. which ‎2. He made _____ known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. ‎ A. that B. it C. himself D. him ‎3. It used to be thought _____ the Earth was flat.‎ A. as B. when C. since D. that ‎4. The Parkers bought a new house but ______ will need a lot of work before they can move in. ‎ A. they B. it ‎ C. one D. which ‎5. _______ is well known _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.‎ A. It, that B. As, /‎ C. As, as D. It, which ‎6. — I don’t know whether I should go abroad or not, Mum.‎ ‎— I leave _______ to your own judgment whether you should do it.‎ A. that B. it C. this D. what ‎7. Does ________ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?‎ A. this B. that C. he D. it ‎8. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. ‎ A. This B. That C. There D. It ‎9. They live on a busy main road. ______ must be very noisy. ‎ A. There B. It C. That D. They ‎10. Why don’t you bring ______ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? ‎ A. this B. what C. that D. it ‎ ‎11. “Look at that lady on the stage. She’s already forty.” “You are joking. She doesn’t look ________.”‎ A. so B. it C. that D. this ‎12. _______ was known to them all that William had broken his promise ______ he would give each of them a gift. ‎ A. As; Which B. What; that C. It; that D. It; which ‎ ‎13. In the west, people make _______ a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.‎ A. this B. that C. it D. the following 答案与解析：‎ ‎1. 选C。one 指 a coat。比较：it = the +名词，one = a+名词，换句话说，it 是特指的，而one 则是泛指的。‎ ‎2. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that he didn’t want to enter politics。‎ ‎3. 选D。it 为形式主语，此句为 People used to think that the Earth was flat 的被动语态形式。‎ ‎4. 选B。it 指前面提到的 new house。注意不能选D，因为其前有并列连词but。‎ ‎5. 选A。it 为形式主语，其后的that从句为主语从句。比较下面一题，答案选B：‎ ‎_______ is well known, _______ Hong Kong returned to China on July 1st, 1997.‎ A. It, that B. As, /‎ C. As, as D. It, which ‎6. 选B。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 whether you should do it.‎ ‎7. 选 D。it doesn’t matter if…, does it matter if… 等为英语常用表达。‎ ‎8. 选 D。it’s no wonder that… 意为“难怪……”、“……不足为怪”，为英语固定表达，其中的 it’s 也可省略，即只说 No wonder that…。如：‎ No wonder （that） he didn’t want to go. 难怪他不想去。‎ ‎9. 选B。it 指环境。‎ ‎10. 选 D。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是 that you are too busy to do it.‎ ‎11. 选 B。it 指 her age。look one’s age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”。‎ ‎12. 选C。第一空填 it，为形式主语；第二空填that，用以引导一个同位语从句，修饰 promise。‎ ‎13. 选 C。it 为形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的不定式 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends。‎ ‎【参考资料】‎ It的用法 ‎（一）作人称代词 ‎1. it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。‎ eg. ‎ You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）‎ Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）‎ They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. （it代替前面They…town分句中的情况）‎ ‎2. 代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。‎ eg. ‎ Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）‎ The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby） ‎ ‎3. 在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。‎ eg. ‎ ‎—Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.—Who is it ? —It’s me. ‎ ‎—Who are singing ? —It is the children.‎ ‎—The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.‎ ‎4. it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。‎ eg. ‎ ‎—Do you still have the bicycle ? —No, I have sold it. ‎ ‎—Is this knife yours ? —No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk. ‎ ‎5. it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。‎ eg. ‎ The climate of South China is mild（温和的）; I like it very much.（it指the climate of South China）‎ The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（that指the climate）‎ ‎（二）作无人称代词 it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。‎ ‎ It is fine（rainy, windy, etc.）.‎ ‎ It is noon.‎ ‎ It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.‎ ‎ It is eighteen square metres in area.‎ ‎ What does it matter?‎ ‎（三）作强调词，构成强调结构 用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is （was） + 所强调的成分 ‎ ‎+ that （who） + 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。‎ ‎（四）引导词it作形式主语（宾语）‎ ‎ 为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语（或宾语）it ，而把真正的主语（或宾语）置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。‎ ‎ eg. ‎ It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词）‎ We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. （it与that从句中间夹有 strange）‎ 但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。‎ eg. You may depend on it that they will support you.（因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句）‎ ‎【模拟试题】（答题时间：45分钟）‎ ‎1. It took us over an hour 　　　　　　　along the street.　‎ A. walk　 B. to walk　 C. walking　 D. walked ‎ ‎2. I think it a great honour 　　　　　to visit your country.‎ A. to invite　 B. inviting　C. having invited 　 D. to be invited ‎ ‎3. Many people now make 　　　　　　a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.‎ A. themselves　　　 B. it　　　 C. that　　　 D. this ‎ ‎4. 　　　　　 　is very clear to everyone that he’s round and tall like a tree.‎ A. This　　　 B. What　　　 C. That　　　 D. It ‎ ‎5. In the United States, bus travel doesn’t cost much as train travel, 　　　　　　?‎ A. don’t they 　 B. does it　 C. do they 　　　 D. doesn’t it ‎ ‎6. Someone is at the door, who is 　　　　　?‎ A. this　　　 B. that　　　 C. it　　　 D. he ‎ ‎7. —It is raining cats and dogs. —　　　　　　　　 .‎ A. So it is　　　　　　　 B. So is it C. Neither it is　　　　　 D. Neither is it ‎ ‎8. —My home is in that tall building over there. —　　　　　 ?‎ A. Can it see　　　　　 B. Can see it C. Can be seen it　　　 D. Can it be seen ‎ ‎9. 　　　　　　　raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.‎ A. It is　　　 B. It was　　　 C. It has been　　　 D. It had been ‎ ‎10. —Has the boy got his bicycle now? —Yes, the police gave 　　　　　　.‎ A. him to him　　　 B. it to it ‎ C. it to him　　　　 D. him to it ‎ ‎11. —Boy, 　　　　　　 —It is, looks like spring is coming soon.‎ ‎   —Yeh , It’ll just be a few more weeks.‎ A. its really a nice day today, isn’t it ?‎ ‎　 B. what kind of weather are we going to have today?‎ ‎　 C. do you think it is going to rain today?‎ ‎　 D. what it like outside today? ‎ ‎12. It is important 　　　　　　　their offer.‎ A. reject　　　 B. rejects　　　 C. to reject　　　 D. rejecting ‎ ‎13. Has 　　　　　been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?‎ A. that　　　 B. this　　　 C. it　　　 D. what ‎ ‎14. —Did Li Lei call me while I was out? —Yes, it was 　　　　　　　that called you.‎ A. him　　　 B. he　　　 C. who　　　 D. whom ‎ ‎15. Nothing is wrong with the radio 　　　　　　?‎ A. isn’t it　　　 B. is that　　　 C. is it　　　 D. isn’t that ‎ ‎16. I don’t know 　　　　　　makes her afraid of having her business discussed.‎ A. what it is about Mary that ‎　 B. that is it abut Mary what ‎　 C. what is it about Mary that ‎　 D. that is about Mary what ‎ ‎17. Which sentence is wrong?‎ A. I felt it impossible for him to take the exam.‎ ‎　 B. I found it impossible that he might take the exam.‎ ‎　 C. I thought that he might not take the exam.‎ ‎　 D. In my opinion he might take the exam. ‎ ‎18. I don’t think 　　　　　　　difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years A. that　　　 B. it　　　 C. too　　　 D. very ‎ ‎19. Its the second time you 　　　　　　　late this week.‎ A. arrive　　　 B. arrived　　　 C. have arrived　　　 D. had arrived ‎ ‎20. It will not be　 　　　　　we meet again.‎ A. long before　　　 B. before long C. soon after　　　　 D. shortly after ‎ ‎21. Its demanded that we 　　　　　there on foot.‎ A. not to go　　　 B. don’t go　　　 C. not go　　　 D. won’t go ‎ ‎22. “It” is often used to 　　　　　　　a baby.‎ A. mean to　　　 B. stick to　　　C. point to　　　 D. refer to ‎ ‎23. It was not until 1936 　　　　　　　basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games.‎ A. that　　　 B. when　　　 C. which　　　 D. then ‎ ‎24. 　　　　　 　you met the Englishman?　‎ A. Where it was that　　　 B. Who it was that C. Where was it that　　　 D. Where was that ‎ ‎25. 　　　　　 　that she has gone to the United States?‎ A. Was it true　　　 B. Is it true C. It is true　　　　 D. It was true ‎ ‎26. 　　　　　 　certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.‎ A. That’s　　　 B. This is　　　 C. It’s　　　 D. What’s ‎ ‎27. 　　　　　 in 1914 　　　　　the First World War broke out?‎ A. Was that, that　　　 B. Was that, when C. Was it. that　　　　 D. Was it, when ‎ ‎28. It is important that she 　　　　　with Mr Williams immediately.‎ A. speak　　　 B. spoke　　 C. will speak　　　 D. to speak ‎ ‎29. 　　　 　that there’s another good harvest this year.‎ A. It says　　　 B. It is said　　　 D. It was said　　　 D. He was said ‎ ‎30. It’ll be the first time 　　　　　　the play.[来源:学#科#网]‎ A. I’ve watched　　　 B. I’ll watch　　 C. I watch　　 D. I would watch ‎ ‎31. Its no use 　　　　　　over spilt milk.‎ A. cry　　　 B. crying　　 　C. that you cry　　　 D. for you to cry ‎ ‎32. It was great joy 　　　　　　　he received the news that his long lost son would return home A. as　　　 B. that　　　 C. so　　　 D. for　 ‎ ‎【试题答案】‎ ‎1. B 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. C ‎ ‎10. C 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B ‎ ‎19. C   20. A 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C ‎ ‎28. A 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. B