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2018届外研版必修4Module3单元学案 (11页)
2018届外研版必修4Module 3单元学案 重点识记单词 1.bow vi.鞠躬 2.bend vt.弯下腰 3.hug vt.拥抱;紧抱 4.aggressive adj.攻击的;挑斗的;挑衅的 5.gesture n.姿势;姿态 6.involve vt.包括;牵扯;卷入;与……有关 7.slightly adv.轻微地;稍微 8.youth n.年轻人 9.spread vi.张开;蔓延;扩散;传播 10.stare vi.凝视;盯着看 11.wipe vt.擦;揩;抹 12.panic v.& n.恐慌;惊慌 13.request n.请求;要求 14.favour n.恩惠;善意的行为 15.live adj.现场的;活着的;有生气的 16.slap vt.掌击 17.religion n.宗教→religious adj.宗教的 18.rude adj.粗鲁的;无礼的→rudeness n.粗鲁;无礼 19.invitation n.邀请;请柬→invite vt.邀请 20.classical adj.古典的;古代的→classic adj.经典的 21.judgement n.判断;意见→judge v.判断;n.裁判;法官 22.social adj.社会的→society n.社会 23.equality n.平等→equal adj.平等的;vt.等于;比得上 24.infectious adj.有感染性的→infect v.传染;感染→infection n.传染;感染 25.communicate vi.(用语言、信号)传递信息;交流→communication n.交流;沟通 26.unconscious adj.无意的;不知不觉的→conscious adj.(反义词)有意的;有意识的;自觉的 27.vary vi.变化→various adj.各种各样的→variety n.种类 28.formal adj.正式的→formally adv.正式地→informal adj.(反义词)非正式的 29.traditionally adv.传统地→traditional adj.传统的→tradition n.传统 30.threatening adj.恐吓的;具有威胁的→threaten v.威胁→threat n.威胁 31.deal n.协议;交易;vi.处理;应付;对待(过去式、过去分词dealt) 32.performance n.表演→perform v.表演;运行;表现→performer n.表演者 重点识记短语 1.on guard(保持)警惕 2.make a deal达成协议;做成交易 3.lift up举起 4.give away暴露(自己的情况) 5.by accident偶然地 6.up and down一上一下地 7.say hello to向……问好 8.switch on打开(灯、无线电等) 9.hold up举起;延迟;阻碍 必背经典句式 1.When in Rome,Do as the Romans Do 入乡随俗 2.In France you should shake hands every time you say hello and goodbye. 在法国,每当你打招呼或告别时都应该(和别人)握手。 3.If you have a meal,don’t start eating before everyone else is served. 假如你们在一起吃饭,在别人的饭菜端上来之前不要开始吃。 单元阅读解题指导 英语阅读理解题干扰项特征及应对策略 得阅读者得天下,近年高考英语阅读的难点一则是文章本身的难度上升,生词量增加、常用词转义、结构复杂的长句等;二则是阅读理解题匠心所具的命题专家们巧妙的干扰项设置造成的困难,这使得考生不知不觉落入陷阱,导致失分。这里我们着重针对如何解题进行一些探讨,希望能助2018届高三学生一臂之力。 一、干扰项特征 张冠李戴 要起到干扰的效果,出题专家常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴。通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式,把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到其他情况,考生可能只看到了文中出现过的字词,却没有注意到选项是否针对提出的问题作出回答,是否符合题目的要求,造成误选。 偷梁换柱 设计阅读理解题的选项时,命题者还可能在干扰项中保留原文的很多词句,给考生一种错觉,选项与原文意思差不多,但实际上内容有所改动,产生了不一样,甚至相反的意思。 断章取义 指干扰项去掉原文信息中的某个或某些重要组成部分,导致剩下的信息不完整,歪曲原文的意思。 以偏概全 阅读过程中,我们可能会发现文章中提到几点,在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况,这种干扰项的特点是以偏概全,以部分代替整体。这样的干扰项通常在细节题中较多见。 曲解原意 阅读理解题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话,命题者可能利用里面的字词设计出干扰项,看似表达文章的意思,其实是借题发挥,是对原句意思的曲解。曲解原意是干扰项设置中的常见方法。 添油加醋 命题专家在设计干扰项时还会把文中提到的一种现象或内容扩大范围,把原先未包括的东西包括进去,原先未达到一定程度却被说成达到了这种程度,因为这些干扰项的内容也来自文章,文中有所涉及,这类干扰项也给考生做出正确选择增加了难度。 颠倒是非 干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象,但选项的意思可能与原文恰恰相反。命题者设计这样的干扰项主要是利用文章信息量大的特点,考生可能不一定有时间一一找到选项在原文的出处。 混淆视听 有些干扰项似乎与原文的意思很符合,但只是按照字面意思进行解释,并不能体现文章中作者想表达的意思。这样的干扰项常常混淆视听,造成理解错误和选择错误。特别对于推理题来说,当题目中出现imply,demonstrated,indicate,mean等词时,按字面意思解释的选项一定不是正确选项。 无中生有 干扰项具有的另一个特点是凭空捏造,但所“造”的内容通常与文章所谈论的问题相关,并且看上去很符合提出的问题。而事实上文章中根本没有谈及干扰项内容,选项更不可能是正确选项。 二、高分解题策略 明晰了干扰项的特点,有利于考生在阅读过程中减小选择的难度。要做对题目,还要能作出正确选择。下面详细谈谈解题中应对的策略。 策略一 异曲同工 为了给考生的选择制造困难,出题者不会照搬原文的字句,即使答案可以在文中找到,考生也需在理解选项和文中字句的基础上作出正确选择。 策略二 顺应主旨 一篇好文章的内容和结构都是经过周密安排的,不会有无关的内容。按一定顺序排列的所有语句肯定都为文章主旨服务,围绕主题展开。因此,考生在确定了文章主旨的前提下选择答案更会有的放矢。一些看上去比较难的题目,一旦与文章主旨联系起来就不难解决了,例证题更是如此,当问一个例子说明什么情况时,正确选项不会只谈例子中的细节问题,而与文章主旨有关。 策略三 求新思变 阅读理解的文章选取的都是近年来发表的一些文章,作者常常就一些新现象或新趋势发表观点,提供信息。因此,正确选项中还有一个特点,那就是谈论新事物或提到新变化,选项中有new,change这样的词往往是正确选项。 策略四 中庸之道 前面谈到,干扰项有一个重要特点——添油加醋,选项表述的内容往往言过其实。与此相正确选项有一个特点,通常把一种说法控制在一定限度和范围内,这就是中庸之道原则。 策略五 回归定位 之所以选择困难,主要原因是它们看似原文内容,符合题目要求,但有些是利用原文内容张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、断章取义、添油加醋、以偏概全、颠倒是非、混淆视听,有些则完全是凭空捏造、由出题者杜撰出来的。所有的阅读理解题出题时都针对文章内容,所以解题时紧紧围绕文章和作者观点,根据题干中的关键词或中心内容回归文章定位对于准确解尤其是细节题非常重要。 策略六 主旨推断 文章的内容为主旨服务,根据主旨,在做阅读理解题时更容易确定正确项,也可以排除与主旨无关或与主旨意思不符的选项,缩小选择范围。 策略七 选项定位 为了给选择制造困难,会出现一个与正确选项相对或相反的干扰项。然而,这恰巧帮助我们缩小了选择范围。在做题时,当发现有两个选项的结构相似、内容互相排斥或相对时,一般来说正确选项必在其中。 策略八 转折词定位 文章段与段、句与句之间常常靠连词衔接,考研阅读中议论文占很大比例,要使文章层次和逻辑清晰,不可避免会出现连词。在阅读过程中,特别值得考生注意的是转折词,如but,yet,however等。这些词后往往有重要信息,作者会表明观点。考生可以利用这些词在文中定位。 策略九 常识排除 干扰项的一大特点就是无中生有,这类选项是根据文章内容或个别字词设计出的备选项,仔细揣摩我们会发现其中一些不合逻辑,可以根据常识直接排除,节约考试时间。 一篇有关幽默的文章有一个理解题是: To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________. A. in well-worded language B. as awkwardly as possible C. in exaggerated statements D. as casually as possible [解析] 选项B显然不合常理,不必读原文找依据,可以马上排除。只有一种可能,在设计这一干扰项时,命题专家是想看考生是否认识awkwardly这个词。对于认识该词的考生,排除这一干扰项轻而易举。 三、考场三忌 一忌主观臆断 高考考试时间紧,题量大,很多考生阅读理解题得分率较低的主要原因就是为了节约时间,不根据文章内容,凭主观判断或印象选择,可能会将无中生有、偷梁换柱、张冠李戴、断章取义等方法设计的干扰项确定为正确答案,导致失分。 二忌妄加推断 考生容易犯的另一种错误是妄加推断。考生将文章未涉及的内容也包括进去,认为是正确答案,或在文章基础上随意推测原本未发生的情况发生。无中生有的干扰项就是给这些考生设置的陷阱。 三忌见树不见林 考生还容易犯的错误是见树不见林。他们只看到原文的具体细节,没有从大局出发了解文章的整体意思,未能准确把握作者的意图,被涉及细节的选项所蒙蔽,造成错误。 单元综合测试 第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。 Every night, even long after my childhood years, she would come to me, push my long hair out of the way and then kiss my forchead to say goodnight. I don’t____21____when it started to dislike her hands pushing my hair that way. Finally, one night, I shouted at her. “Don’t do that ___22___--- your hands are too rought(粗糙的)!” She didn’t say anthing___23___. But never again did my mother___24___me with that familiar expression of her love. But because of my pride, I didn’t tell her I was___25___ As years passed, I missed my mother’s hands and goodnight kisses upon my___26___again and again. Sometimes the incidnet seemed very close, sometimes far away. But always____27____appeared in my mind. Now my mom is in her mid-seventies, still doing thins for me and my family with those two hands. Mom no longer has Dad, and on special___28___, I find myself drawn next door to ___29___the night with her. It was late on Thanksgiving Eve. As I slept in the bedroom of my youth, a____30____hand hesitantly brushed the hari from my forehead. Then a kiss, ever so ___31___, touched my brow. In my___32___, for the thousandth time, I thought of the night I said the rude words to my mom. ___33___Mom’s hand in my hand, I told her how sorry I was for that night. But she had forgotten---and forgiven---long ago. That night, I fell asleep with a new appreciation for my gentle mother and her ____34____hands. And the guilt(愧疚感)I had had for so long was___35___to be found. 21. A. remember B. repeat C. retell D. reuse 22. A. anyhow B. anymore C. anytime D. anyway 23. A. in particualr B. in reply C. in time D. in addition 24. A. track B. please C. treat D. trust 25. A. angry B. anxious C. sorry D. terrible 26. A. hand B. cheek C. hair D. forehead 27. A. she B. they C. he D. it 28. A. duty B. occasions C. conditions D. purpose 29. A. charge B. take C. cost D. spend 30. A. friendly B. familiar C. similar D. soft 31. A. rudely B. gently C. suddenly D. gladly 32. A. memory B. adulthoo C. youth D. childhood 33. A. Touching B. Catching C. Fetching D. Stretching 34. A. worrying B. living C. tiring D. loving 35. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere 第二节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A. B. C和D)中,选出最佳答案。 A A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below 16 ℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere, warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns, potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world. In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources(资源): land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising farm animals. This action affects the environment as a whole. For example, a lot of carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) in the air comes from burning the rainforests. People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit. There are two main reasons for this. Firstly, when people cut down trees, generally they can only use the land for a year or two. Secondly, cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now, but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood supply. Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store. More than 25% of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests. However, fewer than l% of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value. It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests. 36. Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they . A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere B. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth C. bring about high rainfall throughout the world D. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than 16 ℃ 37. What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to? A. Humans have begun destroying rainforests. B. People have a strong desire for resources. C. We will lose much more than we can gain. D. Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests. 38. What might be the best title for the text? A. Rainforests and the Environment B. How to Save Rainforests C. How to Protect Nature D. Rainforests and Medical Development B Here are Travelbag, we’ve seen the world---we want you t o as well. To help you on your way, we’ve put the World on Sale. The offers you see below are just a taste of the great deals we have available. To find out more, call us on 0800 804 8911 and let our experts make your perfect trip, at the perfect price. Book by: 30 Apr. Middle East & Indian Ocean Dubai was £349 now £299 Includes fligths 3nts.4* Coral Oriental (B&B) Valid(有效的):01 Sep----30 Sep Mauritius was £1,085 now £835 Includes flights 7nts,3+*Le Tropical (AI), Mauritius Valid: 01 May---22 Jun Far East Thailand Beach (Cha Am) was £700 now £575 Includes flights 10nts, 3* Holiday Inn Regent Beach, Cha Am 5 FREE nts included in price Valid: 01 Sep---31 Oct. Malaysia, Langkawi was £689 now £599 Includes fliglhts 7nts, 3* Mutiara Burau Bay Beach Resort, Langkawi Valid: 01 May---31 May. Australiasia New Zealand was £1,059 now £989 Self-drive, 5-day car hire 2nts, 3* Best Western President, Auckland, Scenic Wonders Self-drive Valid: 05 Apr---13 Jun Sydney was £1,049 now £979 Includes fligths 3nts, 3* Quality Inn Cambridge 2nts, 3* York Gardens Resort 2nts, 2 * Comfort Inn, Cessnoc Valid: 15 Apr.----15 Jun. Americas Rio was £799 now £649 includes flights 7nts, 3* Golden Tulip Continental (B&B), Rio Las Vagas was £540 now £485 Includes flights 5nts, 3* Circus Circus, Las Vagas Valid: 01 May---30 Jun. 39. The underlined words in the first offer most probably mean ______________. A. 3 nights at 4 stars B. 3 nights and 4 days C. 3 or 4 places D. $3.4 40. In which of the following places may you have to change your hotel? A. Rio B. Mauritius C. Sydney D. Malaysia, Langkawi 41. If you want to enjoy the scenery along the driving way, you can visit_________. A. Dubai B. Thailand Beach(Cha Am) C. Las Vagas D. New Zealand 42. It can be inferred from the text that ___________. A. the ad is intended for foreign travelers B. the offer to Rio has the longest valid time C. the booking service will last until the end of May D. taking planes is the only way to go to those places 43. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to __________. A. have more people to buy from Travelbag B. compare travel costs in different countries C. teach tourist how to save more money D. inform tourists of some places of interest A Have you ever considered all the English expressions that include words about clothes? Let’s have a look. People wear pants to cover the lower part of their bodies. We sometimes say that people who are nervous have ants in their pants. Sometimes, people may get caught with their pants down. They are found doing something they should not be doing. And, in every family, one person takes control. Sometimes a wife tells her husband what to do. Then we say she wears the pants in the family. Pants usually have pockets to hold things. Money that is likely to be spent quickly can burn a hole in your pocket. Sometimes you need a belt to hold up your pants. If you have less money than usual, you may have to tighten your belt. I always praise people who can save their money and not spend too much. I really take my hat off to them. Yet, when it comes to my own money, I spend it at the drop of a hat, which means I instantly spend it. Boots are a heavy or strong kind of shoes. People who are too big for their boots think they are more important than they really are. I dislike such people. My father is an important person. He runs a big company. He wears a suit and tie, and a shirt with sleeves that cover his arms. Some people who do not know him well think he is too serious and never shows his feelings openly. But I know that my father wears his heart on his sleeve. 44. Which of the following expressions can show someone is nervous? A. Get caught with one’s pants down. B. Have ants in one’s pants. C. Wear the pants in the family. D. Burn a hole in one’s pocket. 45. If we say someone has to tighten his belt, we probably mean he ___________. A. has done something wrong B. used to live a rich life C. has put on the wrong pants D. is short of money 46. Someone who spends his money at the drop of a hat most probably ___________. A. doesn’t save money B. earns much money C. never wastes his money D. spends more than he earns 47. We can use the expression "wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve" to describe someone who ___________. A. gets angry easily B. looks very serious C. shows his feelings openly D. often wears a suit and tie B In 1943, when I was 4, my parents moved from Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, to Fairbanks, Alaska, where adventure was never very far away. We arrived in the summer, just in time to enjoy the midnight sun. All that sunlight was fantastic for Mom’s vegetable garden. Working in the garden at midnight tended to throw her timing off, so she didn’t care much about my bedtime. Dad was a Railway Express agent and Mom was his clerk. That left me in a mess. I usually managed to find some trouble to get into. Once I had a little fire going in the dirt basement of a hotel. I had tried to light a barrel(桶) of paint but couldn’t really get a good fire going. The smoke got pretty bad, though, and when 1 made my exit, a crowd and the police were there to greet me. The policemen took my matches and drove me home. Mom and Dad were occupied in the garden and Dad told the police to keep me, and they did! I had a tour of the prison before Mom rescued me. I hadn’t turned 5 yet. As I entered kindergarten, the serious cold began to set in. Would it surprise you to know that I soon left part of my tongue on a metal handrail at school? As for Leonhard Seppala, famous as a dog sledder (驾雪橇者), I think I knew him well because I was taken for a ride with his white dog team one Sunday. At the time I didn’t realize what a superstar he was, but I do remember the ride well. I was wrapped (包裹) heavily and well sheltered from the freezing and blowing weather. In 1950, we moved back to Coeur d’Alene, but we got one more Alaskan adventure when Leonhard invited us eight years later by paying a visit to Idaho to attend a gathering of former neighbors of Alaska. 48. What can be inferred about the author’s family? A. His father was a cruel man. B. His parents didn’t love him. C. His parents used to be very busy. D. His mother didn’t have any jobs. 49. What happened when the author was 4? A. He learned to smoke. B. He was locked in a basement. C. He was arrested by the police. D. He nearly caused a fire accident. 50. Which of the following is true? A. Leonhard was good at driving dog sleds. B. The author spent his whole childhood in Alaska. C. Leonhard often visited the author’s family after 1950. D. The author suffered a lot while taking the dog sled in Alaska. 第三节 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Stress is a normal part of life and usually comes from everyday occurrences. ___51___ ♦ Try physical activity When you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. ___52___ ♦ ___53___ You should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. If you easily get angry and can’t sleep well enough, or if you’re not eating properly, it will be more likely that you will fall into stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult a doctor. ♦ Make time for yourself Schedule time for both work and entertainment. Don’t forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. ___54___. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy. ♦ Make a list of things to do Stress can result from disorganization and a feeling that “there’s so much to do, and not enough time”. Trying to take care of everything at once can be too much for you and as a result, you may not achieve anything. ___55___. Set out to do the most important task first. A. If you feel stress is hard to control, seek professional help. B. Take care of yourself C. Running, walking, playing tennis, and working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. D. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun E. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, and then do one thing at a time. F. Here are some ways you can deal with everyday sources of stress G. Competing with others, whether in accomplishments, appearance, or possessions, is an avoidable source of stress 三.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Wouldn’t this be great? You come home from school and your new dog ___56___(wait)at the dor to greet you. Or, you have a bad and your new kitten jumps onto your lap for a hug. ___57___(have)a pet is a dream for many teenagers. And finally your mum and dad have agreed. But just because you ____58____(allow)to get a pet doesn’t mean you should. Pets are not toys but friends _______59_______need our love and company. ____60____don’t get a pet if you’re not ready to devote. 四. 书面表达 假设你应邀参加学校组织的"英语学习师生座谈会",请你根据下表所提示的信息,用英语写一篇发言稿,简单介绍自己的英语学习情况,并对学校今后的英语教学提出建议。 英语学习情况 1. 英语学习的目的 2. 英语学习的方法 3. 课外自学的途径 …… 对学校英语教学的建议 (请根据自己的经历与感想,提出两至三点建议) 注意:1. 对所给要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译; 2. 词数100左右。开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数。 3. 参考词汇:interpreter口译工作者 Dear teachers and schoolmates, It’s a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening. 参考答案 21-25 ABB CC 26.-30DDBD B 31-35 BABDC 36-38BCA 39-43ACDBA 44-50BDACCDA 51-55FCBDE 56 is waiting 57. Having 58. are allowed 59. Who/that 60. So Dear teachers and schoolmates, It’s a great pleasure for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you. I’m interested in English and hope to be an interpreter in the future. Naturally, it’s very important for me to learn English well. As everybody knows, vocabulary is an important part of language. Usually I remember twenty new words a day and put them into use whenever possible. After class, I often listen to English programs. Besides, I’ve learnt a lot about other countries’ culture from the Internet. Now, I’d like to make some suggestions. Firstly, we should be given more chances to practice using what we’ve learned. Secondly, I suggest we have more English activities, such as English contests and festivals. Thank you for listening.查看更多