2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（31页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit1Womenofachievement单元学案（31页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修四Unit 1 Women of achievement单元学案 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1Her research showed the connections between chimps and human beings.(P1) 拓展归纳 make a connection建立关系 break a connection断绝关系 a close connection密切的关系 a loose connection疏远的关系 form a connection成为亲戚；搭上关系 in connection(电话)接通的 in connection with与……相关联；关于 be connected with与……有关系 good social connections良好的社会关系 完成句子 ‎(1)The two countries have_made_a_connection(已建交). ‎ ‎(2)We are waiting for the telephone to_be_connected (接通)．‎ ‎(3)The man has been arrested in_connection_with_this_robbery (与这起抢劫案有关)．‎ ‎(4)The case shows that crimes are usually connected with people’s social connections (常与人们的社会关系有关)．‎ ‎2Jody Williams helped found an international campaign to stop the making of landmines.(P1) ‎ 拓展归纳 be on a campaign (for sth.)(为了……)开展运动/活动 a campaign for sth.为争取得到……的运动 a campaign against sb./sth.反对……的运动 campaign for...为……而参加运动 campaign against...为反对……而参加运动 campaign to do sth.为了做某事而进行的运动 ‎ ‎ campaign，battle，war ‎(1)campaign指为达到某一特定目的所做的一连串有计划的“活动、运动”，以及在某一地区所进行的一连串有特殊目的的军事行动，即“战役”，其规模一般比battle大。‎ ‎(2)battle是指有组织的武装部队之间的“战斗、战役”，有持续几小时的，有持续几天的，也可指重大的“战斗”。‎ ‎(3)war指民族和民族、阶级和阶级、政治集团和政治集团之间互相斗争的最高 级形式，即“战争”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ 用campaign，battle，war的适当形式填空 ‎(1)How well do you know the war between Iran and Iraq?‎ ‎(2)In our office almost everyone is for the antismoking campaign.‎ ‎(3)Many American soldiers lost their lives in the battle which took place in that small village in Iraq last week.‎ ‎(4)In the Chinese Liberation War，there were three great campaigns.They are the Liaoshen Campaign，the Pingjin Campaign and the Huaihai Campaign.‎ ‎3 Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.（P2）‎ 拓展归纳 behave＋adv. to sb.对某人表现得……‎ behave oneself守规矩，表现得体 behaviour n．[U]举止，行为；习性 be on one’s good/best behaviour举止规矩；行为检点 put sb. on his best behaviour规劝或警告某人要规规矩矩的 完成句子 ‎(1)她表现出了极大的勇气。‎ She behaved_with great courage.‎ ‎(2)他对父母态度不好。‎ He behaved_badly_to/towards his parents.‎ ‎(3)我不在家时你要乖乖的。‎ I want you to_behave_yourself while I am away.‎ ‎(4)她在公共场合手足无措。‎ She doesn’t know how_to_behave_in_public.‎ ‎4However，the evening makes it all worthwhile.(P2) ‎ 拓展归纳 It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.做某事是值得的 be worth (one’s) while doing.../to do...值得做……‎ be worth＋n./money值……‎ be worth doing...值得做……‎ sth. be worthy of being done/to be done某事值得被做 be worthy of sth.值……，配……‎ ‎ ‎ worthwhile，worth，worthy ‎(1)worthwhile可作表语或定语；作表语时可替换为worth one’s while，后接doing/to do。‎ ‎(2)worth只能作表语，其前常用well修饰。‎ ‎(3)worthy可作定语或表语，作定语时意为“可尊敬的；有价值的”。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 句型转换 ‎(1)The museum is well worth a visit.‎ The museum is well worth visiting. ‎ The museum is well worthy of being visited.‎ The museum is well worthy to be visited.‎ ‎(2)I doubt if that book is worth reading again.‎ I doubt if it is worthwhile to read that book again.‎ ‎5She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.(P2) ‎ 拓展归纳 observe sb. do/doing sth.看到，察觉到某人做某事/正在做某事 observe sth.观察(注意到)某事物 observe that...观察到……‎ observe on/upon sth.关于……陈述意见 observe a child’s behavior观察一个孩子的行为 observe the terms of a contract遵守合同的条款 observe an anniversary庆祝周年纪念日 observer n．观察者；观测者；遵守者 observation n．观测，监测，观察，观察力 under observation在观察中；在监视中 ‎ ‎ observe，watch，look，notice，see ‎(1)observe强调从不同角度较长时间地观看。‎ ‎(2)watch指目光较集中地看，可表示“注视；观看；注意”。‎ ‎(3)look只强调“看”的动作，不强调结果。‎ ‎(4)notice指“注意到”。‎ ‎(5)see看到，看见，强调看的结果，指有意或无意地看到。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)警方监视到了小偷进入银行的情况。‎ The police observed the thief enter/entering the bank.‎ ‎(2)司机要遵守限速的规定。‎ Drivers should observe_the_speed_limit.‎ ‎(3)许多人喜欢用给情人送花或礼物的形式来庆祝情人节。‎ A great many people like observing Valentine’s Day by giving lovers flowers or gifts.‎ 单项填空 ‎(4)The astronomer ________ the stars all his life and made great achievements in astronomy.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A．notice B．observed C．watch D．saw 答案　B ‎6 For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.（P2）‎ 拓展归纳 respect sb./sth.尊敬某人/某物 respect sb. as...尊敬某人为……‎ respect sb. for sth.因……而尊敬某人 have/show respect for sb.(＝pay respect to sb.)尊敬某人 lose the respect of...失去……的尊敬 gain/win broad respect受到广泛的尊敬 respect oneself自重 give/send one’s respects to sb.问候某人 with respect to...(＝in respect of/to...)关于……，就……而言 in this respect在这个方面 in all respects在各个方面 in no respect无论哪方面都不是 完成句子 ‎(1)He is excellent in_all_respects (在各方面)，so we made him monitor.‎ ‎(2)With_respect_to_this_problem (就这个问题而言)，we don’t have to draw a conclusion here.‎ ‎(3)I think the young should_have_respect_for/should_show_respect_for/should_respect (应尊敬) the old.‎ ‎(4)Mao Zedong is_respected_as_a_great_leader_for_his_great_ability (因他伟大的才能而被尊重为伟大的领袖) in directing the Chinese Revolution.‎ ‎7 She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.（P2）‎ 拓展归纳 argue with sth.不同意(说法)，不承认(表述)‎ argue (about sth.) with sb.(就某事)和某人争辩/论 argue for/against sth.赞成/反对……‎ argue that...主张……；认为……‎ argue sb. into doing sth.(＝persuade sb. to do sth.＝persuade sb. into doing sth.)说服某人做某事 argue sb. out of doing sth.(＝persuade sb. not to do sth.‎ ‎＝persuade sb. out of doing sth.)劝说某人不做某事 argument n．争论，争吵；论据，论证 argumentative adj.好辩论的，争论的 offer (present)/settle an argument提出主张/解决争端 an/a angry/heated/loud argument激烈的争论 用恰当的介、副词填空 ‎(1)She argued him out_of the decision to leave the job.‎ ‎(2)They argued about the matter the whole afternoon，and at last agreed on the date for the next meeting.‎ ‎(3)America and Iran have been arguing over nuclear weapons and haven’t settled an argument up to now.‎ ‎(4)The newlymarried couple have argued with each other over some household duties.‎ ‎8 She has achieved everything she wanted to do...(P2) ‎ 拓展归纳 achieve one’s goal/aim实现某人的目标 achieve one’s purpose达到某人的目的 achieve success/victory获得成功/胜利 make achievements取得成就 a man of great achievements一个取得了巨大成就的人 an achievable goal一个可达到的目标 完成句子 ‎(1)那位演员19岁时就成名了。‎ The actor achieved_his_fame when he was only 19.‎ ‎(2)通过努力，他取得了成功。‎ He has_achieved_his_success by working hard.‎ ‎(3)没有什么能阻挡他实现他的抱负。‎ Nothing can prevent him from_achieving_his_ambition.‎ ‎(4)赢得三枚金牌是个了不起的成就。‎ Winning three gold medals is a remarkable achievement.‎ ‎9 She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.(P2) ‎ 拓展归纳 inspire sb. (to sth.)激励某人 inspire sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth./inspire sth. in sb.激发某人的……；引起某人的……‎ inspired adj.受到鼓励的；有灵感的 inspiring adj.令人鼓舞的，激励的 inspiration n．感召，给予激励的人或事物(抽象名词具体化)‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)演员们用他们的热情鼓舞着孩子们。‎ The actors inspired the kids with their enthusiasm.‎ ‎(2)他的绘画显然是受到了莫尔的作品的启发。‎ His paintings were_clearly_inspired by More’s works.‎ ‎(3)我们认为亚伯拉罕•林肯是一位有感召力的领袖。‎ We regard Abraham Lincoln as_an_inspiring_leader.‎ ‎10...her mother came to support her.(P3) ‎ 拓展归纳 support oneself自立谋生 support one’s family养家 support one’s suggestion赞同某人的意见 support one’s opinion支持某人的想法 support sb. in sth.在某事上支持某人 in support of支持；拥护 means of support生活来源 完成句子 ‎(1)He was_supporting_himself_with_a_stick (扶着一根拐杖)．‎ ‎(2)He had to do an extra job after work，for he_had_a_big_family_to_support (他有一大家人要养活)．‎ ‎(3)Those_who_support_my_suggestions (拥护我建议的人)，put up your hands!‎ ‎11Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off.(P2) ‎ 拓展归纳 make a move动身；采取行动 move about四处走动；转换工作 move away搬走 move down下降等级 move in迁入新居 move on继续搬迁 move up晋升 完成句子 ‎(1)列车员吹响了哨子，火车徐徐开动了。‎ The conductor blew his whistle and the train slowly moved_off.‎ ‎(2)他们本打算在早上启程，但是却因为暴雨而未能成行。‎ They planned to_move_off in the morning but were stopped by the storm.‎ ‎(3)我们的新邻居昨天搬来了。‎ Our new neighbour moved_in yesterday.‎ ‎(4)我们可以接着讨论下一项议程吗？‎ Can we move_on_to the next item on the agenda?‎ ‎12She concerned herself with welfare projects，...(P1) ‎ 拓展归纳 cause/give concern引起忧虑 express/voice concern表达关心 serious concern极度关心 particular concern特别关心 as concerns(＝concerning)关于……‎ as far as...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about/with sb./sth.关心某人/某事 完成句子 ‎(1)As_far_as_I’m_concerned (依我之见)，the whole idea is crazy.‎ ‎(2)He was_very_concerned_about_her (对她非常关心)．‎ ‎(3)Mr.White will give a talk concerning_health_and_diet (就健康与饮食方面)．‎ ‎(4)If you_concern_yourself_with_something (你关心某事)，you will give it your attention because you think that it is important.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1 Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。‎ 用法点拨 该句是一个简单句，until then为介词短语作时间状语。‎ until直到……，用于肯定句时，指某一动作一直延续到until表示的时间为止；until用于否定句时，表示“直到……才”，表示某一动作直到此时才开始。‎ The children won’t come home until it is drak.‎ ‎ 孩子们不到天黑不回家。‎ He will not give you any answer until he has thought it over.‎ 经过认真考虑之后他才会给你答复。‎ Never get off the bus until it stops.‎ 停车之前决不能下车。‎ Wait till/until I come back.‎ 等我回来。‎ 翻译句子 ‎(1)咱们等雨停吧。‎ Let’s_wait_until_the_rain_stops.‎ ‎(2)你没把这事做完就不准出去。‎ You_are_not_going_out_until_you’ve_finished_this_thing.‎ ‎(3)他一直工作到退休。‎ He_continued_working_until_his_retirement.‎ ‎(4)直到现在，我一直独自生活。‎ Until_now_I’ve_always_lived_alone.‎ ‎2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。‎ 用法点拨 此句是only引导的一个部分倒装句。当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时，主句必须用部分倒装结构。‎ Only in this way can you solve the problem.‎ 只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。‎ 注意　only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装；only修饰主语时，句子也不可倒装。‎ 拓展归纳 ‎(1)否定副词(词组)never，nor，hardly，little，seldom，by no means等置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。‎ Never before have I seen such a moving film.‎ 我从来没有看过这样感人的电影。‎ By no means will we give in to them.‎ 我们决不会向他们让步。‎ ‎(2)so或neither/nor表示前者的情况也适用于另一人或物时，其句型为“so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”。so指肯定情况，意为“……也是如此”，neither/nor适用于前者是否定的情况，意为“……也不这样”。‎ Lily can’t ride；neither/nor can Lucy.‎ 莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。‎ 注意　如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so＝indeed)，那么句子不可使用倒装语序。‎ ‎—You forgot to take your key with you again!‎ ‎——你又忘记带钥匙了！‎ ‎—Oh，my god.So I did!‎ ‎——噢，我的天哪，我确实忘了带！‎ ‎(3)so＋adj./adv.＋that...引导的结果状语从句结构中，so＋adj./adv.置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装。‎ So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.‎ 他英语讲得如此清晰，以致于别人总能理解他的意思。‎ 注意　that引导的句子不倒装。‎ ‎(4)在非真实条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首构成部分倒装结构。‎ Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.‎ 若明天下雨，我们就不去爬山了。‎ Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.‎ 如果你早点来，你就赶上公共汽车了。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)Only then did_I_realize (我才意识到)that I was wrong.‎ ‎(2)Only when your identity has been checked will_you_be_allowed_in (才允许你进入)．‎ ‎(3)They have a good knowledge of English but little do_they_know_about_German (他们了解德语)．‎ ‎(4)Never in my wildest dreams could_I_imagine (我能想像)these people are living in such poor conditions.‎ ‎ ‎ 非洲野生动物研究者 清晨5点45分，太阳刚从东非的贡贝国家公园的上空升起，我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。简已经研究这些黑猩猩家族很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人类的行为是多么相似。我们当天的首项任务就是观察黑猩猩一家是如何醒来的。这意味着我们要返回到前一天晚上我们离开时黑猩猩一家睡觉的大树旁。大家坐在树阴下等待着，这时候猩猩们睡醒了，准备离开。然后这群黑猩猩向森林深处漫步而去，我们尾随其后。在大部分时间里，黑猩猩或互相喂食，或彼此擦身，这在它们的家族里是表达爱的方式。简预先提醒我们，到下午的时候我们就会又脏又累。她说对了，但是到傍晚时分我们就觉得这一切都是值得的。我们看到黑猩猩妈妈跟她的幼子们在树上玩耍，后来看见它们一起回窝里睡觉了。我们意识到猩猩家族家庭成员之间的联系像人一样紧密。‎ 在简之前没有人完全了解黑猩猩的行为。她花了多年的时间来观察并记录黑猩猩的日常活动。从孩提时代起，简就想在动物生活的环境中研究它们。但是，这不是一件简单的事。当她1960年最初来到贡贝时，对女性来说，住进大森林是很不寻常的事情。她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。她的工作改变了人们对黑猩猩的看法。比方说，她的一个重要发现是黑猩猩猎食动物。而在此之前，人们一直认为黑猩猩只吃水果和坚果。她曾经亲眼看见过一群黑猩猩捕杀一只猴子，然后把它吃掉。她还发现了黑猩猩之间是如何交流的，而她对黑猩猩身势语的研究帮助她勾勒出黑猩猩的社会体系。‎ ‎40年来，简•古道尔一直在呼吁世人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。她主张应该让野生动物在野外生活，而不能用于娱乐或广告。她还为黑猩猩建起了可以安全生活的专门的保护区。她过着忙忙碌碌的生活，然而，正如她所说的：‎ ‎“我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头。我就会想起实验室的黑猩猩，这太可怕了。每当我看着野生黑猩猩时，这个念头总是萦绕着我。我会自己说：‘难道它们不幸运吗？’然后我就想起那些没有任何过错却被关在笼子里的小黑猩猩。一旦你看到这些，你就永远不会忘记……”‎ 简已经得到了她想要得到的一切：在动物的栖息地工作；获得博士学位；还向世人证明女人和男人一样也能在森林里生活。她激励着人们为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．There has been a great improvement (改进)in his lessons this term.‎ ‎2．The astronauts soon got used to the condition (状态)of weightlessness.‎ ‎3．He works in China Welfare(福利)Institute.‎ ‎4．He’s the president of a large international organization(组织)．‎ ‎5．She is in charge of the patriotic(爱国的)public health campaign(运动)．‎ ‎6．He behaved/behaves badly to the customers.‎ ‎7．These results were not worthwhile at all.‎ ‎8．Lin Qiaozhi was a specialist in women’s illnesses.‎ ‎9．He communicated his thoughts clearly to me.‎ ‎10．The Chinese government _supports birth control.‎ Ⅱ.词语填空 on one’s own,make up,work out,look down upon,devote...to,care for,carry on,put...to death,set up,catch one’s eye ‎1．I am sure I’ll work_out the problem if I keep working on it.‎ ‎2．A special hospital was set_up to treat SARS in Beijing.‎ ‎3．The police put the criminal to_death by hanging him.‎ ‎4．They need another three players to_make_up a team.‎ ‎5．He is independent；he does all things on_his_own.‎ ‎6．It’s difficult for the teacher to carry_on the lesson with all the noise around.‎ ‎7．She hates to be_looked_down_upon，so we treat her as our honoured guest.‎ ‎8．Are you good at_caring_for sick animals?‎ ‎9．I was looking through a newspaper when a photo caught_my_eye.‎ ‎10．The boy devotes all his spare time to studying English.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎1．It seemed that Lin Qiaozhi had been busy in her chosen career traveling abroad to study and writing books and articles.‎ Lin Qiaozhi seemed to have been busy in her chosen career traveling abroad to study and writing books and articles.‎ ‎2．It was too late for him to catch the first bus.‎ It was so late that he couldn’t catch the first bus.‎ ‎3．Lin Qiaozhi devoted her whole life to her patients.‎ Lin Qiaozhi spent her whole life taking care of her patients.‎ ‎4．I was surprised to know that he was a foreigner.‎ It struck me that he was a foreigner.‎ ‎5．The one which has some designs on it is different from the others in size.‎ The one with some designs on it is of different size from the others.‎ ‎6．When she was young，she liked to ask all kinds of questions.‎ As a young girl，she liked to ask all kinds of questions.‎ ‎7．He is running as fast as he can.‎ He is running as fast as possible.‎ ‎8．She worked heartedly for the cause of education all her life.‎ She devoted all her life to the cause of education.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．我的车自从修理以后，车况一直很好。‎ My car has been in_good_condition since it was repaired.‎ ‎2．布朗先生忠实于他的妻子。‎ Mr.Brown is_devoted_to his wife.‎ ‎3．仔细考虑解决这些问题的方法还是很值得的。‎ It is worthwhile_considering_carefully the way to solve these problems.‎ ‎4．作为学生，我们应该遵守校规校纪。‎ As students，we should observe_the_school_rules_and_regulations.‎ ‎5．别再和我争论那件事了；这是最后决定了。‎ Don’t argue_with me over/about that；this is my final decision.‎ ‎6．我警告过你有危险，是不是？‎ I warned you of_the_danger，didn’t I?‎ ‎7．只有用这种方式你才能在英语学习方面取得进步。‎ Only in this way can_you_make progress in your English study.‎ ‎8．要么是你错了，要么是我错了。‎ Either you or_I_am wrong.‎ Ⅴ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．—How is your son getting on at school?‎ ‎—Very well.He is ________ in his class.‎ A．a top of students B．the top of students C．at the top of student D．a top student 答案　D 解析　答语说：他是他班上的学生，则用a top student。C项去掉其中的of student也对，at the top of one’s class，at the top in one’s class均可表示在班内成绩最好。‎ ‎2．Since it ________ China，Japan hasn’t given up its desire of expansionism(扩张)．‎ A．drove out B．drove out of C．was driven out D．was driven out of 答案　D 解析　Japan与drive out of是被动关系，用被动语态。C项缺of。‎ ‎3．________ a film star，the little girl asked her mother if she looked ‎ beautiful.‎ A．Dressed as B．Dressing as C．Wearing like D．Being worn like 答案　A 解析　说“打扮成……的模样”，用dress as而不用wear like。dress as与句子主语the little girl是动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语。‎ ‎4．________ the research，the scientist spent much time considering the work in his institute.‎ A．Causing concern B．Showing concern C．Concerned about D．Concerning with 答案　C 解析　表示“关心……”时用concern oneself with，be concerned about/for，现空格处在句中作原因状语，故用concerned about。D项应改为concerning himself with才对。‎ ‎5．He called，________said “Thank you” to me.‎ A．better than B．rather than C．more than D．other than 答案　B 解析　A项表示“好于……”，C项表示“超过或多于后者”，D项表示“不同于后者”，此三项均不符合题干情景。B项意为“而不是”。句意为：他喊着对我说“谢谢”，而不是(普通地)说。‎ ‎6．Little boys like to watch bicycles ________.‎ A．repaired B．repairing C．being repaired D．be repaired 答案 　C 解析　watch后的宾补可用doing，done，现repair与bicycles是逻辑上的动宾关系，但过去分词表示动作已完成，自行车已修好，就没有什么值得小男孩看了，只有正在修时才值得观看，故用现在分词repairing的被动式being repaired。句意为：小男孩喜欢看修自行车。‎ ‎7．Only after my friend came ________.‎ A．did the computer repair B．he repaired the computer C．was the computer repaired D．the computer was repaired 答案　C 解析　only＋状语开头，句子要倒装，又repair与computer是动宾关系，用被动语态。 ‎ ‎8．By the time he was 15，he ________ already a university student.‎ A．was B．has been C．had been D．became 答案　A 解析　by引导时间状语表示到过去某时为止时，动作动词用过去完成时，状态动词用过去时，表示那时已存在的状态。become虽为系动词，但表示状态的变化，也要用过去完成时。‎ ‎9．I never seem to have time until 5∶30 in the office，________ many ‎ people have gone home.‎ A．if B．as C．when D．unless 答案　C 解析　空格处至句子结束是非限制性定语从句，先行词是5∶30，而不是in the office，故填when。‎ ‎10．What a pity！You can imagine what a shock it ________ to his wife who would soon mother a fatherless child.‎ A．could be B．must have been C．ought to have been D．might be 答案　B 解析　主句说You can imagine，则宾语从句是一种想像、揣测，又wife后的定语从句的动词是过去将来时would soon mother，故是对过去的推测。全句说：多可怜啊！你能想像得出这对于一个很快要生下一个没有父亲的孩子的妻子来说，是多大的打击啊。由fatherless可知，她的丈夫刚去世。mother作动词用，意为“生孩子”。‎ ‎11．Now that she is out of a job，Lucy ________ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.‎ A．had considered B．has been considering C．considered D．is going to consider 答案　B 解析　题干中but引导的分句用现在完成进行时，说明从失业开始一直到现在，并且现在仍在“考虑”。‎ ‎12．Although it is hot，we think it ________ visiting the place this time of the year.‎ A．worth B．worthy C．worthy of D．worthwhile 答案　D 解析　worthwhile可作表语、定语、宾补，在本题中作宾补。worth，worthy，worthy of不能作宾补。‎ ‎13．Although the thief was careful，he was still observed ________ the shop last night and caught.‎ A．steal into B．to steal into C．stolen into D．to be stealing into 答案　B 解析　observe sb. do的被动语态是be observed to do。‎ ‎14．Finally，the thief handed everything ________ he had stolen to the police.‎ A．which B．what C．whatever D．that 答案　D 解析　handed已有宾语everything，故________ he had stolen不是宾语从句，而是定语从句。what，whatever均能引导名词性从句而不能引导定语从句，排除B、C。当先行词是everything，something，anything，nothing时只能用that，而不能用which引导定语从句。‎ ‎15．We can’t find out how much time the Curies devoted to ________ radium.‎ A．look for B．looking for C．have looked for D．looked for 答案　B 解析　本题主要考查devote...to的用法，且放到宾语从句中考查，增加了难度。devote的宾语为how much time，to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词。‎ Ⅵ.完形填空 Many children may be fond of animals，but few ever think of making the study of animals their career(职业)．Even fewer will be __1__ by the whole world，enjoying the title(头衔) of United Nations Messenger of Peace.‎ ‎__2__one woman has received all that.She has lived with chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in the African forest for more than 20 years and made great __3__.This woman is Jane Goodall.She was born in London，England，in 1934.Goodall’s lifelong __4__ in animals began at an early age.By the age of 10 or 11，Goodall dreamed of going to Africa to live with animals.This was quite a strange dream in those days，as young __5__ didn’t think of having such “wild” actions.But she was encouraged by her mother.She told her that if she really wanted something，she should work hard，take advantage of __6__ and never give up looking for a way.‎ When a close friend invited Goodall to Kenya in 1957，she readily __7__.Within a few months of her arrival she met the famous anthropologist(人类学家)Dr.Louis Leakey，who soon decided that Goodall was the __8__ person he was looking for to begin a __9__ of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania.‎ In July 1960，Goodall arrived at Gombe National Park in Tanzania.At the beginning，studying the chimpanzees was not __10__ for her.The animals fled from her in fear，so it took months for her to get close to them.With a strong __11__，she searched the forest every day，trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too __12__.Gradually the chimpanzees became used to her presence.‎ She discovered many things of chimpanzees during her first year at Gombe National Park.In October 1960，she observed a chimpanzee making and using __13__ to fish for termites(白蚁)．This discovery threw doubt on the popular idea at the time that man was the world’s only toolmaker.The longer Goodall’s research continues，the more it becomes obvious that chimpanzees are very __14__ to humans.‎ Since the mid1980s，Goodall has been lecturing around the world to raise people’s sense about environment __15__.“Let’s live in the new age with hope，respect for all living things，understanding and love，” she said.‎ ‎1．A.recognized B．known C．praised D．admitted 答案　A ‎ 解析　recognize在此意为“承认”。这句说：更少的人会被全世界承认。‎ ‎2．A.So B．Actually C．But D．Finally 答案　C ‎ 解析　本句内容与第一段内容是转折。 ‎ ‎3．A.discoveries B．decisions C．choices D．inventions 答案　A 解析　她在20余年的研究中作出了重大的发现。‎ ‎4．A.study B．interest C．sense D．dream 答案　B 解析　空格后有in，interest in的搭配，意为“对……的兴趣”。‎ ‎5．A.boys B．girls C．men D．women 答案　B 解析　Goodall是个女孩子，当时年轻姑娘不会想出如此“wild”的行动。‎ ‎6．A.knowledge B．youth C．hope D．chances 答案　D 解析　take advantage of意为“利用”，母亲叫她要抓住机遇。‎ ‎7．A.accepted B．refused C．hesitated D．considered 答案　A 解析　从下文看她去了，故这里应说“接受”。‎ ‎8．A.only B．last C．right D．first 答案　C 解析　Louis认定Goodall正是他在寻找的那个合适的人。right合适的。‎ ‎9．A.project B．study C．center D．career 答案　B 解析　begin a study of开始研究……。‎ ‎10．A.hard B．interesting C．easy D．convenient 答案　C 解析　下文讲到她所遇到的困难，故这里说“不容易”。‎ ‎11．A.will B．body C．desire D．mind 答案　A 解析　will在此意为“意志”，desire意为“欲望，愿望”。下文讲她每天搜寻森林……，这种艰苦的事要凭借坚强的意志去做。‎ ‎12．A.far B．near C．soon D．much 答案　C 解析　这句的后半句说她努力不太早地离黑猩猩太近，意即慢慢来。‎ ‎13．A.nets B．tools C．holes D．sticks 答案　B 解析　下一句讲到toolmaker(工具制造者)，故这里应说制造和使用工具。‎ ‎14．A.close B．similar C．friendly D．helpful 答案　B 解析　similar to类似于……。这句说：Goodall的研究继续的时间越长，黑猩猩非常像人类这一事实就变得越明显。‎ ‎15．A.improvement B．protection C．pollution D．destruction 答案　B 解析　她在全世界各地到处演讲来提高人们环境保护的意 编写者 Teaching aims:‎ ‎ Master the key words 、phrases and sentence patterns.‎ Words 重点掌握 behave; observe; support; intend; deliver; ‎ ‎ 重点识记 achievement; project; specialist; campaign; organization; shade; bond; outspoken; respect; argue; entertainment; crowd; inspire; audience; emergency; generation; modest ‎ 重点辨析 worth /worthy / worthwhile ; considerate / considerable ;‎ Phrases 重点辨析 carry on / carry系列的动词词组; ‎ ‎ 重点识记 move off ; lead a … life ; crowd in ; look down upon ; refer to; by chance ; come across ;care for ; be intended for ; free from Sentence patterns 1 Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ ‎ 2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.‎ ‎ 3 She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.‎ ‎ 4 She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Institution for women and children.‎ Or: she devoted herself to medical work for Chinese women and children.‎ ‎ 5 Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ Teaching difficulties:‎ ‎ Distinguish the key words、 phrases and master the sentence patterns.‎ Teaching procedures:‎ Step Ⅰ: Autonomous learning (自主学习)‎ ‎1. Master the words : 教学目标中words部分.‎ ‎2. Master the phrases: 教学目标中phrases部分.‎ StepⅡ: Evaluation (巩固训练)‎ ‎1、 词义辨析: ‎ ‎1．He is easy to satisfy.Even a small success will give him a sense of ________.‎ ‎ A．responsibility B．Achievement C．humour D．direction ‎2．The ________ to computerize this university’s library system will take half a month.‎ ‎ A．project B．Connection C．observation D．adventure ‎3．The police are interviewing two men in ________ with the robbery.‎ ‎ A．support B．Organization C．connection D．consideration ‎4．Local people have launched a(n) ________ to raise money for a new hospital.‎ ‎ A．argument B．measure C．campaign D．adventure ‎5．If you ________ yourself，I’ll let you stay up to watch the movie.‎ ‎ A．perform B．confirm C．impress D．behave ‎6．Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______the traditional customs.‎ ‎ A．perform B．possess C．observe D．support ‎7．She has always been honest with me，and I ________ her for that.‎ ‎ A．refer B．respect C．respond D．remind ‎8．We need a new captain—someone who can ________ the team to greater efforts.‎ ‎ A．deliver B．react C．admire D．Inspire ‎9．The doctor brought the woman，who was badly injured in a road accident, back to consciousness with ________ treatment.‎ ‎ A．emergency B．Entertainment C．behaviour D．Benefit ‎10．It’s very___ _of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.‎ ‎ A．modest B．violent C．humorous D．considerate 自我 总结 做错的题 没掌握的词汇 ‎ ‎ ‎2、 短语填空: ‎ care for; work out; set up; be intended for; by chance; come across; carry out; refer to; dress as; free from; ‎ ‎1．The old man is relying on his son to ________ the family business.‎ ‎2．I bumped into her quite ________ in Oxford Street the other day.‎ ‎3．If you want to know details of all our products，please________ our catalogue.‎ ‎4．Have you ever __________ such a horrible person in all your life?‎ ‎5．The nurses had decided to ________ clowns for Halloween ‎6．We want to give all children a world ________ violence.‎ ‎7．I used to ________ for half an hour on the playground after breakfast.‎ ‎8．She moved back home to ________ her elderly parents.‎ ‎9．This kind of magazine ______________ women in their 30s or 40s.‎ ‎10．The police ________ roadblocks on routes out of the city 自我 总结 做错的题 没掌握的短语 ‎ ‎ StepⅢ：Sentence patterns （句型句式）‎ ‎1自主分析 ‎ ⑴ Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ ‎【Translate】________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ crowding in 在此为何使用～ing 形式？‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ⑵ Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.‎ ‎【Translate】________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 发现并总结一下此句的特点 ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ ⑶ She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.‎ ‎【Translate】_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 关注一下special 的意义.此处可以使用especial代替吗？‎ ‎ ____________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑷. She concerned herself with welfare projects, especially the China Welfare Institution for women and children.‎ Or: she devoted herself to medical work for Chinese women and children.‎ ‎【Translate】_________________________________________________________________‎ ‎ 总结一下具有相同相近意义的一些词组结构.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑸. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ ‎【Translate】__________________________________________________________________‎ it 和how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time在句子中分别做什么语法成分？并注意总结hit 的意义.‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2、模拟造句：‎ ‎⑴一旦你失败了，所有的非议（blames）就会接踵而来。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑵只有经历风雨，方能见彩虹。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑶ 我们今天开个专门会议，讨论一下元旦晚会的事情。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑷ 他专注于发短信，没考虑其他人。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎⑸ 我突然想到她过的生活多么艰难啊。‎ ‎_______________________________________________________________________________‎ Step Ⅳ: Enhanced practice (拔高训练)‎ ‎1、you are so _______! I have almost forgotten what he said the other day.‎ A considerate B considerable C consider D consideration ‎2、 The class over , the students _______ their discussion about the party to celebrate the new year. . ‎ A carry off B carry on C carry out D carry about ‎3、Her achievements are ________of the highest praise and the efforts she made seems ______ .‎ A worthy ; worth B worthy ; worthy C worth ; worthwhile D worthy ; worthwhile 自我 总结 做错的题 错因自我分析 ‎ ‎ Step Ⅴ: A summary 总结本节课所学，巩固“学习目标”。‎ Step Ⅵ: 课后作业 ‎1、Recite the model sentences..‎ ‎2、Synchronous Reading (同步阅读)‎ Unit 1 Women of achievement ‎ Period Ⅰ: 基础知识导学案 参考答案：‎ StepⅡ: Evaluation (巩固训练)‎ 词义辨析: 1—5 BACCD 6—10 CBDAD 短语填空: 1 carry on 2 by chance 3 refer to 4 come across 5 dress as 6 free from ‎ ‎7 work out 8 care for 9 is intended for 10 set up ‎ StepⅢ：Sentence patterns （句型句式）‎ ‎1 一旦我停下来，所有的一切就涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的那些黑猩猩。‎ ‎ Crowding in 在此作伴随状语 ‎2 仅在开始的那几个月她的妈妈来帮助她之后，她才能开始她的研究工程。‎ ‎ Only引导的状语置于句首时，句子部分倒装 ‎3 他帮助建造了他们能够安全居住的专门地方。‎ ‎ 不能。Special在此表示“专门的”。‎ ‎4 她关注福利事业，尤其是中国妇女儿童福利协会。‎ ‎ 她献身于/专注于中国的妇女儿童医疗工作。 ‎ ‎ concentrate on be lost in be buried in dive into give one’s mind to focus on ‎ ‎5 我突然想起在那个时代妇女要得到医疗培训是多难啊。‎ ‎ it 在此表示的是形式主语，后面的是真正主语。此处的hit可以用occur to 替换。‎ 模拟造句：‎ ‎1 Once you fail, all blames will come crowding in.‎ ‎2 Only going through storms will you see the rainbow.‎ ‎3 We hold a special meeting today to have a discussion about the New Year party.‎ ‎4 He concerned himself with sending messages without considering the others.‎ ‎5 It suddenly hit me what a difficult life she was leading.‎ Step Ⅳ: Enhanced practice (拔高训练)‎ ABD 单词 ‎1.achieve ［ t i v］vt. 完成；达到 ‎【巧记提示】a-（to)+chief (ve)（最有价值的部分），达到A级价值。 ‎【经典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything. 只要我们努力，任何事情都能成功。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】1)形容词：achievable 能完成的；能达到的；同义词：accomplish v. 完成（任务等）；‎ ‎2）名词：achievement 成就；功绩 当achievement作“成就；业绩”解时是可数名词； 作“完成；实现”解时，是不可数名词。 后缀-ment附在动词或动词词根后构成名词，类似的词还有 entertain—entertainment,move—movement,equip—equipment,judge—judg(e)mentm,ship—shipment等。‎ ‎3）achieve的常见搭配：‎ 我的记忆卡 achieve success获得成功 achieve victory取得胜利 achieve one’s purpose达到目的 achieve one’s aim 实现目标 achieve a good result 得到好的结果 achieve one’s goal 实现某人的目标 ‎2.connection [k nek n] n. 连接；关系；亲戚 ‎【巧记提示】connect（连接)+-ion (名词后缀) ‎【经典例句】 My sister-in-law is a connection of mine by marriage. 我的嫂子是我的姻亲。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】 1）同根词：connected adj.联接的;有关系的；connective adj.连接的；联合的； connectingn.连接；管接头；近义词：association，relation ‎2)与connection有关的词组： have connection with “与……有关系”，如： His illness must have had some connection with his diet. 他的病想必与他的饮食有关。 in connection with “与……有关；关于”，如： The teachers often deal with problems in connection with education. 老师经常处理和教育有关的问题。 ‎3)connect加后缀-ion构成名词，类似的词还有：‎ 我的记忆卡 act—action　communicate—communication　correct—correction operate—operation 　instruct—instruction　translate—translation ‎ ‎3.behave [b heIv] vt. & vi.举动；举止；行为表现 ‎【巧记提示】 be-（使）+ have（有），使有好的举止。 ‎【经典例句】 He behaved with great courage in the battle. 他在这次战斗中表现得非常勇敢。 【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：misbehave v. 使行为不端;behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为；表现；misbehavio(u)rn. 不良行为 behaviour亦作 behavior，是英国英语和美国英语在拼法上的区别。类似的词还有favo(u)r（赞成；赞许），flavo(u)r（滋味；味道），vapo(u)r（蒸汽；雾），neighbo(u)r（邻居）等。 ‎2)常用搭配：behave oneself 使举止好；使举止规矩 ‎4.worthwhile [w ： (h)wa l] adj.值得花时间（精力）的；有价值的 ‎【巧记提示】 worth(价值)+ while（消磨）→值得消磨时间→有价值 ‎【经典例句】 It is worthwhile to visit the museum. 参观这个博物馆是值得的。 ‎【考点聚焦】1)区别worthwhile与worth，worthy的用法： worthwhile意为“值得”，指花时间、精力、金钱等去做某事是值得的。如： It is worthwhile to read the book.=It is worthwhile reading the book.=Reading the book is worthwhile.这本书值得一读。‎ 但不可以说The book is worthwhile reading. worth表示“价值……”时，后接价值数量词；当表示“值得”时，后接名词、代词或动名词（不能接不定式）,常用well修饰，不用very。如： This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying. 这台笔记本电脑值10 000元,很值得买。 worthy表示“有价值的；可尊敬的”时，常作定语；表示“值得”时，常作表语，结构为 worthy of sth.。如： It is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.这是一份高尚的事业，值得我们努力。 worthy后面还可接动名词或不定式，结构分别是worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如： The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered.这次事件值得纪念。‎ ‎5.observe [ z v] vt. 观察；观测；遵守 ‎【巧记提示】ob-（对，向）+ serve（服务），对服务质量进行观察。 ‎【经典例句】We should strictly observe the discipline. 我们应该严格遵守纪律。 ‎【考点聚焦】1）同根词：observer n. 观察者;observatory n.天文台；气象台； observation n. 观察；观测 近义词：examine v. 检查；仔细观察 ‎2)observe的用法：‎ observe+宾语+宾语补足语（不带to的不定式/动词的-ing形式），被动语态要用带to的不定式。如：‎ They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank. 他们被注意着进了银行。 observe+从句，如： The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister. 这个男孩注意着汤姆和他姐姐之间所发生的事。 ‎3)当表示“看”时，observe，watch，see，notice的区别： observe 相当于watch carefully，指从不同的角度长时间地看并研究，尤其用于实验或研究等场合，如observe the stars（观察星星），observe the behavior of birds（观察鸟类的习性）等；‎ watch意为“看；观看，特别留意、感兴趣地看运动着的东西”。如 watch TV（看电视），watch a game（观看比赛）等； see 指“看到；看见”；强调看的结果，有意或无意地看到； notice 指“看到；注意到；觉察到”；偶尔看到细小的但可能是重要的。‎ ‎6.respect [r pekt] vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 ‎【巧记提示】re-（再，又）+spect（“注视”的词根），再看表示敬意。 ‎【经典例句】 Youth should always show respect to old age. 年轻人总是应该尊敬老人。 ‎【考点聚焦】1)同根词：respecting prep.关系；说到；self-respect 自尊心 ‎2)形容词respectable，respectful 与respective 的区别： respectable 指“值得尊敬的”；respectful表示“尊敬的；恭敬的”；respective 指“各自的；分别的”。 ‎3）表示“尊敬”时，respect和honour，regard的区别： respect 正式用语，指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律、秘密等的尊敬或敬重。如：‎ He respects his teachers.他尊敬老师。 honour非常尊敬（respect highly），指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高望重之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。如： He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。 regard指对父母、他人的感情，对法律、安息日等的尊敬。如： We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。‎ ‎7.argue [′a：gju：] vi.争论；辩论 vt. 争论；说服 ‎【巧记提示】 argue（争论）large（大量的），大量的争论。 ‎【经典例句】 He argued that the experiment could be done in another way. 他认为这项实验可以换一种方法做。 ‎【考点聚焦】1)同根词：argument n. 论点，争论，论据； arguable adj.有商榷余地的;可辩驳的；可论证的 ‎2)argue 的用法： argue with sb.about/over sth.因为……和……争辩,如： They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies. 他们正就外交政策与官员们进行辩论。 argue+that 从句,如： We argued that we should be paid more. 我们据理力争我们应该得到更高的薪水。 argue+sb.to be...说明……，如： The way he spends money argues him to be rich/that he is rich. 他花钱的方式说明他很富有。 argue for/against提出理由支持/反对，如： He argued against the use of animals in this experiment. 他反对用动物做这个实验。‎ ‎8.entertainment [ nt te n nt] n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 ‎【巧记提示】 entertain(娱乐)+-ment（名词后缀） ‎【经典例句】 This is a serious novel，not an entertainment. 这是一本严肃的小说，不是消遣读物。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：entertain v. 招待；款待；使……欢乐；给……娱乐； entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的 ‎2)与entertainment相关的词组： provide entertainment for... 为……提供娱乐 give an entertainment to sb.招待某人 ‎3)后缀-ment附在动词或动词词根后构成名词，类似的词： achieve—achievement move—movement equip—equipment judge—judg(e)ment ‎9.inspire [ n spa ] vt. 鼓舞；感动；激发；启示 ‎【巧记提示】 in（在里面)+ spire（呼吸），在呼吸中得到启示。 ‎【经典例句】 We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr. Bethune. 白求恩的英雄事迹使我们大家深受鼓舞。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)名词：inspiration n. 灵感；启发；鼓舞人的事或人 ‎2)inspire的用法：‎ inspire+宾语，如：‎ His speech inspired us.他的发言鼓舞了我们。 inspire+宾语+宾语补足语，如 He inspired me to try again. 他鼓励我再试一次。 ‎3)inspiring 和inspired 的区别： inspiring 鼓舞人心的；inspired受到鼓舞的。 动词加-ing 的形容词有主动或进行的含义； 动词加-ed的形容词有被动或已完成的含义。如： The students were all inspired by the inspiring song. 学生们都被这首振奋人心的歌曲所鼓舞。‎ ‎10.communication [k mju n ke n] n. 通讯；通信；交流 ‎【巧记提示】 communicat（交流)去e+-ion（名词后缀） ‎【经典例句】 He has been in communication with his family. 他一直与家里保持联系。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】 同根词：communicate v. 传达；交流；communicative adj.爱说话的；健谈的；communicating adj.（作定语）(房间等)互通的；相连的；连接的 ‎11.strike [stra k] v. 打击；打动　n. 罢工；袭击 ‎【巧记提示】 s+trike（三轮车），蛇（s）骑三轮车去罢工。 ‎【经典例句】 The union leaders called on a strike.‎ 工会领导号召罢工。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：striker n. 罢工者；打击者；striking adj.惹人注目的；打击的；stike的过去式是struck，过去分词是struck或stricken,现在分词是striking。 ‎2)strike 的其他一些词义：‎ vt. 打；敲；击；袭击；击中；划火柴。如： I struck a match and held it to his cigarette. 我划着一根火柴伸到他的烟上。 vt. 突然想起；某种想法突然出现；给人留下印象。如： An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一计。 ‎3)作“打；击”讲时strik和beat，hit，tap，的区别： beat（用棍、棒等连续）打;击； hit打;击;击中（仅只一次的击）； tap（连续）轻拍;轻打;轻扣； strike打;击;攻击;袭击。‎ ‎12．consideration [k n s d re n] n. 考虑；体谅 ‎【巧记提示】 consider(考虑)+-ation（名词后缀） ‎【经典例句】 After long consideration he agreed to their requests. 考虑许久以后，他同意了他们的请求。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)同根词：considerate adj.体贴人的；体谅人的；considered adj.经过深思熟虑的；considering prep. 考虑到；就……而论 ‎2）动词 consider（vt.考虑；认为）的用法： 后接名词、动名词、疑问词+不定式或宾语从句。如： I’m considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。 （接动名词） ‎3)常用搭配：in consideration of考虑到；为了……的缘故；由于 ‎4)当表示“认为”时，consider与 ‎ think，believe，regard，suppose，guess，imagine，fancy的区别：‎ consider经考虑而认为，较客观； think是最普通的词，含推理、判断，形成看法之意； believe相信，认为； regard与consider常可换用，但含个人的主观认识较强一些； suppose近似于think，但含不确切之意，比think少根据； guess凭想像加以猜测；imagine想像；fancy凭空想像。‎ ‎13.deliver [d l v ] vt. 递送；生（小孩）；发表（演说等） ‎【巧记提示】de-（分离)+ liver（肝脏)，生孩子如同除去肝脏。 ‎【经典例句】 The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday. 教授昨天给我们作了个讲座。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】 1)名词：delivery n. 投递;发送;分娩 ‎2)deliver作“生（小孩）”解时与bear的区别： deliver指“助产”，如：‎ She was delivered of a healthy boy. 她生下一个健康的男孩儿。 bear作“生育”解时是及物动词，如： She bore (has borne)six children. 她生了六个孩子。‎ 短语 ‎ ‎1.either...or 不是……就是…… ‎【巧记提示】 either(任一)+or(或者) ‎【经典例句】 She is either drunk or mad. 她不是醉了就是疯了。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)either表示“也”时，只用于否定句或否定词组末尾。用在肯定句中的是too。如： Dad didn’t go and Mum didn’t go either.爸爸没去，妈妈也没去。 ‎2)在either...or的句子中，谓语动词的单复数根据就近的主语而定。如： Either you or your twin sister has broken the glass. 不是你就是你的双胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子。 同类用法有：neither...nor 两者都不…… neither...nor 的反义词为both...and “两者都……”，谓语动词则为复数。‎ ‎2.be determined to do sth.决心做某事 ‎【经典例句】 We are determined to succeed this time. 这次我们决心要取得成功。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组：make up one’s mind (to do sth.) ‎2)determine vt. （使）决定；确定，其用法如下： determine+不定式，如： He determined to learn English.他决定学英语。 determine+宾语+不定式，如： His advice determined me to delay no more.他的劝告使我决定不再拖延。 determine+从句，如： He determined that he would leave.他决定离开。 ‎3)be determined to do sth.短语中determined是形容词，意为“坚定的”，还可作定语。如： Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us. 居里夫人是一位坚强的女性，给我们树立了好榜样。‎ ‎3.argue for 提供支持的理由，为支持……而辩论 ‎【巧记提示】 argue(说服)+for(为了)→为了说服而提供理由。 ‎【经典例句】 The workers argued for the right to strike.工人们为争取罢工的权力而辩论。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)常用搭配：argue with sb.about (over)sth.与某人辩论某事，如： They are arguing with their classmates about the solution to the problem. 他们正和同班同学争论这个难题的解决方案。 ‎2)注意argue后面的介词for 和against分别表示不同的含义： Some people argue for free trade.一些人为支持自由贸易辩论。 Some people argue against free trade.一些人为反对自由贸易辩论。 ‎3)argue的名词形式为argument（论点；争论；论据）。‎ ‎4.look down upon/on 看不起，轻视 ‎【巧记提示】 把人“往下看”→看不起 ‎【经典例句】 I hope you don’t look down upon/on this kind of work. 我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)同义词组：hold sb./sth.in contempt；反义词组：think highly of ‎2)以look为核心构成的短语:‎ 我的记忆卡 look at 看着 look about/around环顾四周;警戒 look after 照料;照看 look forward to盼望;期待 look for 寻找 look into调查；注视……的内部或深处 look on旁观;观望 look out向外看；当心；警戒 look like看起来像 look over检查；检阅 look through浏览；检查 look up （在词典、参考书中）查找 look up to尊敬 look down at低头看某事 ‎5.care for 喜欢；照顾 ‎【经典例句】 Do you care for art? 你喜欢艺术吗？ ‎【考点聚焦】 1)care for作“照顾”解时,同义词是look after，take care of。 ‎2)care for与 care about，take care，take care of的区别： care about指“ 担心；关心”； take care 常用于口语中，意为“当心；注意”；或用于分别时或信末时表示“保重”； take care of指“照顾；照料；爱护”； ‎3)当care for 表示“喜欢；想要”时，常用于疑问句或否定句。‎ ‎6.as well as 除……之外还；也；和 ‎【巧记提示】 as(同样地)+well(好)+as(像) ‎【经典例句】 It is important for you as well as for me. 这对于你我同样重要。‎ ‎【考点聚焦】 掌握as well as 与 as well，as good as 的区别： as well as相当于介词，用于肯定句中，起连接作用。当主语后面跟有as well as引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。如： The teacher as well as the students was excited. 老师和学生一样激动。 as well指“也；又”，用于肯定句句尾，相当于too，also。如： He is a scientist，but he is a poet as well. 他是一个科学家，也是一个诗人。 as good as 指“几乎（是）；等于是”。如： He is as good as dead.他几乎是半死不活了。‎ ‎7.devote...to 把……奉献给 ‎【巧记提示】devote(献身)+to(向) ‎【经典例句】He devoted all his life to the cause of education. 他将全部生命献给了教育事业。 ‎【考点聚焦】 1)近义词组：make contribution to ‎2)devote oneself to 献身于；致力于；专心于；沉溺于。如： He devoted himself completely to work.他专心于工作。 ‎3)devote...to中的to是介词，所以后面接名词或动名词。如: He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他把一生都献给了为人类谋福利。 我的记忆卡 类似的词组： look forward to（期待） lead to（导致) pay attention to（注意） listen to（听） stick to（坚持） object to（反对）‎ 句子 ‎1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。 ‎【剖析】这是一个倒装句。正常语序的陈述句应当是She was allowed to begin her project after her mother came to help her for the first few months.only位于句首修饰状语时，主句用倒装结构。‎ ‎【拓展】倒装使用较复杂，我们不妨用口诀来记忆： 疑问句，there be;条件句,if去； 强表语，重状语；引语后，常用起；‎ 否定词，开头时;only语，往前置； 免重复，需代替；要祝愿，为修辞。‎ ‎2.For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. ‎40年来，简•古多尔帮助世界上的其他人了解并尊重这些动物的生活。 ‎【剖析】 1）这个句子用的是现在完成进行时，其结构是have（has）+ been+动词-ing形式，它表示从过去某个时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到现在，可能还会再进行下去。 ‎2)the rest of的后面可接可数名词，也可接不可数名词，但要注意其后面接的词的单复数，以便决定后面动词的单复数形式。如： The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的钱都给了他的儿子。 The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失踪了。 ‎【拓展】辨析：现在完成时与现在完成进行时 现在完成时表示动作开始于过去，到现在已经完成了，并且对现在产生了一定影响或结果。如： ‎—What have you done? 你干了什么？ ‎—I have broken a teapot.我打碎了一把茶壶。 而现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性。如： ‎—What have you been doing? 你一直在做什么？ ‎—I have been practising the piano.我一直在练弹钢琴。‎ ‎3.I did not realize that my homework was to change my life. 我没有意识到我的作业竟会改变我的生活。 ‎【剖析】 这是一个以that引导的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中，was to change属于“be+不定式”结构，此处表示“不可避免的、将要发生的、命中注定的事”。如： We were sure then that he was to become a very important person. 我们当时确信他会成为一位重要人物。 ‎【拓展】1）“be+动词不定式”通常用来表示“计划、打算（=be going to）”。如： The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day. 这条铁路将在国庆节通车。 ‎2）“be+动词不定式”还可表示命令，意为“必须；不得不”。如： You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 你得做完作业才能看电视。‎ ‎4.It struck me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical training so long ago when women’s education was always placed second to men’s.‎ 这想法闪电般地划过我的脑海，在那久远的年代，当妇女的教育总是次于男性的时候，一个女子去学医一定是相当困难的。 ‎【剖析】1)在这个句子中，it是形式主语，真正的主语很长，是由how difficult引导的主语从句。‎ ‎2)how difficult引导的主语从句中还包含一个由when引导的定语从句，修饰so long ago。 ‎3)“must have+过去分词”用来表示对过去某种情况的推测，可能性极大，意为“一定，肯定发生了某事”，只用于肯定句，在疑问句或否定句中常用can/could代替。如： Where can John have put the matches? He can’t have thrown them away. 约翰把火柴放到哪里去了？他不可能把火柴扔了。 ‎【拓展】 “情态动词+不定式完成式”的用法： ‎1)can/could/should/ought +不定式的完成式 肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做（某事）；can/could的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定，should/ought否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。如： He cannot have been to that town. 他不可能去过那个镇子。 She shouldn’t have taken away my pen，for I wanted to use it. 她不该拿走我的钢笔的，因为我要用它。 ‎2)may/might/must +不定式的完成式 表示对过去发生的行为的推测，must的否定或疑问形式用can来代替。如： He must have been to Shanghai.他一定去上海了。 He can’t have been to Shanghai.他不可能去上海了。 注意：He should have finished the work by now. 到现在为止他应该完成了这项工作。(可以表示推测) ‎3)needn’t +不定式的完成式 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。如： You needn’t have watered the flowers，for it is going to rain. 你本来不必浇花的，因为天快下雨了。 注意： didn’t need to do表示“没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事”。如： I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it.我不必擦窗户。我姐姐擦过了。 ‎4)will +不定式的完成式 表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测，主要用于第二、三人称。如： He will have arrived by now.他现在应该到了。‎ ‎5.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school. 进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。 ‎【剖析】 1)本句主干结构是：reading made me realize that...。是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的结构。‎ ‎2)that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school是一个由that引导的宾语从句，作realize的宾语；从句中还有一个以it was that...开头的强调句，被强调的部分是 hard work，determination 和good nature。 ‎3)further是形容词far的比较级。far的另一个比较级是farther。farther意思是 “（距离、时间上）更远”，further意思是“更远”或“（程度上）更进一步”。如： Can you go any farther? 你还走得动吗？ ‎【拓展】 强调句型 ‎1)强调的成分有主语、宾语、宾补，还可以强调时间状语、地点状语、原因状语或方式状语，但不能强调句子的谓语动词。连接词均用that(强调人时可用who)，而不用when，where，why等。 强调句在强调主语时，that/who后边的动词应和主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果强调疑问词，应该把疑问词放在句首。如： It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.在隔壁唱歌的是我父母。 When is it that we’ll hold a meeting?我们开会是在什么时候？ ‎2)强调句中的谓语动词be可以演变为might be或must have been等形式。如： It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.我们大约在明天到达。 3)not...until...句式的强调句形式为It wasn’t until...that...。如： It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.直到昨天我才完成这本书。 ‎(原句为：I didn’t finish the book until yesterday.)‎ ‎6.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 为什么不像林巧稚那样到医学院学习，然后再继续她的伟大事业？ ‎【剖析】 1)Why not do sth.? 用来提出建议。如： Your teeth are not in good condition. Why not have your milk without sugar? 你的牙不好，为什么不喝不加糖的牛奶呢？ ‎2)carry on（with)sth./doing sth.意为“进行……；继续进行……”，相当于go on with。‎ ‎【拓展】 表示“建议”的一些句型： Why not...? Why don’t you...? Would you like to...? Would you mind ...? How about...? What about...? Shall we...?‎ 语法 主谓一致 ‎　　所谓主谓一致就是在句子中，谓语动词必须在人称和数上和主语保持一致。 主语一致的情况 ‎1）并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 ‎①由and，both...and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，如果表示的人或物是不同的，或表示其他不同的观念时,谓语动词用复数。如： Carl and Jack are my good friends.卡尔和杰克是我的好朋友。 如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有营养的。 ‎②两个作主语的名词或代词由or，not only...but also...，either...or...，neither...nor...连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近原则，与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致。如： Neither you nor he is late.你和他都没有迟到。 ‎③由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语，其主语有every，each，no，many a等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting. 所有的老师和同学都对收藏感兴趣。 ‎④当主语是单数的时候，即使其后有with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，like，besides，but，except，in addition to等词引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： A woman with two children was seen walking down the street. 有人看到一个妇女带着两个小孩朝街道那边走去了。 ‎2）单一名词作主语时的主谓一致 ‎①有些学科名词，在形式上虽然是复数形式，但其实质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。（谚语） ‎②表示偶数出现、且不能拆成单数的工具名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：‎ My glasses are broken.我的眼镜被打碎了。 ‎③动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，从句作主语时也用单数形式。如：‎ Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（百闻不如一见） ‎④有些集体名词既可以表示单数，又可以表示复数，这类集体名词作主语时，如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为若干个体来理解，则谓语动词用复数形式。如： Our class is diligent.我们班的同学都很刻苦。 Our class are visiting the park next week.我们班下星期要参观那个公园。‎ 其他情况的主谓一致 ‎1）the+形容词 ‎“the+形容词”表类别、一类人或物，当它表示一类人时谓语动词用复数，当它表示一类物时谓语动词用单数。如： The beauty is hers.这些漂亮的玩意是她的。（表物） ‎2）one of 在one of+复数名词或代词+从句这样的结构中，谓语动词用单数形式。如： One of them is American. 他们当中有一个是美国人。 可用于这样结构的还有：neither of，either of，each of等。 ‎3）none of none of后面如果连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如果后面接的是可数名词，则谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。如： None of his classmates knows（know）the truth.他的同学都不知道事情的真相。 ‎4）number of number of前加a表示“许多的、大量的”，其后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。number of前加the表示数量、数目，其后无论接可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用单数形式。如： A number of people have moved into new houses.许多人搬进了新房。 The number of students in class is thirty.教室里有30人在上课。 ‎5）there be+并列主语 在there be+并列主语这一句型中，一般情况下谓语动词的选择遵循就近原则，与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。如： There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一枝笔和两本书。 ‎6）many a/more than one... many a/more than one +单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“不止一个”。如： Many a student is having practice.许多同学正在练习。 More than one student was late for school.昨天不止一个人上学迟到了。 more than two（three...）+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“两个（三个……）以上”。如： More than two students were late for school yesterday. 昨天有两个以上的学生迟到了。 ‎7）主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Four kilometers is not very far.四公里不算远。 ‎8）分数或百分数+of+词组 在分数或百分数+of+词组作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如： Two fifths of students are girls.有五分之二的学生是女生。 Ten percent of families owns a car.10%的家庭有小汽车。‎