【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致考点解读（7页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致考点解读（7页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 主谓一致考点解读 在英语中，句子谓语动词的形式应与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致主要分为语法一致、意义一致以及就近一致三种。近年来高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在语法一致和意义一致上，就近一致相对来说考查较少，并且高考常常将主谓一致与动词的时态和语态结合起来进行综合考查。‎ 对于主谓一致这个语法点来说，了解和掌握各种一致的基本原则是关键，掌握了基本的用法之后就像套数学公式一样代入即可。‎ ‎(一)语法填空常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 谨记规律(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is (be) often acceptable.‎ ‎②(2014·广东高考)We were_told (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after.‎ ‎③(2012·陕西高考改编)The basketball coach, as well as his team, was_interviewed (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding ‎ 语法一致原则 ‎(1)主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎(2)主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。‎ performance.‎ ‎④(湖南高考改编)Either you or one of your students _is (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.‎ ‎⑤There is (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.‎ 就近一致原则 ‎ (1)由or, either ...or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎ (2)由there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎⑥A needle and thread was_given (give) to her, but she could not sew the button on.‎ ‎⑦To go to bed early and to rise early is_ (be) a good habit.‎ ‎⑧Many a teacher and many a student has (have) seen the film.‎ 意义一致原则 ‎(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ (2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。‎ ‎⑨(2014·湖南高考改编)All we need is (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout ‎ 主谓一致的3种特殊情况 ‎(1)all, the rest, the remaining/part ...＋主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数 the growing seasons of the year.‎ ‎⑩(2011·安徽高考改编)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were (be) saved for other purposes. ‎ ‎⑪(2011·湖南高考改编)Onethird of the country is (be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are (be) black people.‎ 意义而定。‎ ‎(2)“几分之几/百分之几＋of＋名词”结构作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎(3)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎(二)短文改错常考点 典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)‎ 我来改正 常设错点(为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎①(2016·浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.‎ ‎②(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)My dream school look like a big garden.‎ ‎③(2014·陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they looked like rain！‎ ‎①was→were ‎ ‎②look→looks ‎③was→were ‎ 名词或代词作主语时谓语动词单复数的误用 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词应该用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词应该用复数。‎ ‎④(2014·辽宁高考)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.‎ ‎④have→has 非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误 动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。注意：名词性从句作主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词应用复数。‎ ‎⑤(2013·陕西高考)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.‎ ‎⑤were→was 倒装句的主谓一致错误 在倒装句中要找出句子的主语，从而判断谓语动词的单复数。‎ ‎⑥I as well as my parents are going to New York City this month.‎ ‎⑦Not only my parents but also I are good at dancing and singing.‎ ‎⑥are→am ‎⑦are→am ‎“就近”与“就远”原则的错用 ‎(1)“就近”原则常见的有：either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ...等；‎ ‎(2)“就远”原则常见的有：as well as, but, except, (together) with等。‎ ‎[基础巩固练习]　　　　　　　　 　　‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．Exercise 1 should be done in class as an example, while the rest are_(be) to be finished as homework.‎ ‎2．So far, many an American boy and many a British girl as well as the teachers has_been_invited_(invite) to be present.‎ ‎3．What really counts _is (be) the enjoyment.‎ ‎4．A perfect gift with many flowers has_been_sent (send) to the beautiful girl, so she is very happy now.‎ ‎5．Not only Tom but also Peter and Mary _are (be) planning to go, because they have never been there before.‎ ‎6．Boys and girls, the writer and the educator _are_visiting (visit) our school. Be quiet!‎ ‎7．The finalterm examinations are coming and each boy and each girl is_looking (look) forward to the coming holiday.‎ ‎8．The total number of the population in China is (be) about 1,400 million.‎ ‎9．Two fifths of the land in that district is (be) covered with trees and grass.‎ ‎10．I, who am (be) your best friend, will surely stand on your side.‎ ‎11．The writer and teacher Smith has_gone (go) through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.‎ ‎12．To prevent the air from being polluted is (be) what we’re now researching.‎ ‎13．English and American literature are (be) appealing to her.‎ ‎14．A great number of students in this school are (be) League members.‎ ‎15．No one in the department but Tom and I knows (know) that the director is going to resign.‎ ‎16．In my opinion, he rather than you is (be) to blame.‎ ‎17．Only 60 percent of the work_was_done (do) yesterday.‎ ‎18．Large amounts of money were (be) spent on the bridge, which was expected to be completed next month.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.go→goes ‎2．Hard work have made him very ill. He has ruined his health.have→has ‎3．However, 69% of our class is fond of it.is→are ‎4．Not the miners but the boss were responsible for the accident.were→was ‎5．I have read many books, some of which is in Spanish.is→are ‎6．About half a year ago, an order came that the old building, along with many other similar ones, were going to be pulled down to make room for a main street.were→was ‎7．Stress is a state of being upset that happen when we are under pressure.happen→happens ‎8．There is humorous stories, jokes and so on in this book and I think you will be interested in it.is→are ‎9．My father work in a factory and my mother is a teacher. We live a happy life together.work→works ‎10．Frank, with his two sisters, are leaving London by train next morning.are→is ‎11．The day before yesterday the police including one officer was searching for the murderer in that mountain.was→were ‎12．This is because two thirds of the earth’s surface are made up of vast oceans.are→is