2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

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2020-2021年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

2020-2021 年高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Festivals around the world 【核心素养分析】 语言知识 :要求考生掌握并能运用英语词汇、语法基础知识以及所学话题。 1.考纲内要掌握的词汇、短语和句型 项目 单词及其词性变化(语法填空必备) 重点单词 1.starve vi. & vt.(使)饿死;饿得要死→starvation n.饿死 2.origin n.起源;由来;起因→original adj.原来的 3.religion n.宗教→religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔诚的 4.belief n.信任;信心;信仰 5.gain vt.获得;得到 6.independence n.独立;自主→independent adj.独立的;自主的 7.gather vt. &vi.搜集;集合;聚集 8.agricultural adj.农业的;农艺的→agriculture n.农业;农艺;农学 9.award n.奖;奖品 vt.授予;判定 10.admire vt.赞美;钦佩;羡慕→admiration n.羡慕 11.energetic adj.充满活力的;精力充沛的;积极的→energy n.能量;精力 12.custom n.习惯;风俗 13.permission n.许可;允许→permit vt.允许 n.许可证;执照 14.apologize vi.道歉;辩白→apology n.道歉 15.sadness n.悲哀;悲伤→sad adj.悲哀的;悲伤的 16.obvious adj.明显的;显而易见的 17.forgive vt.原谅;饶恕→forgiveness n.原谅→forgiving adj.宽恕的;宽容的 重点短语 1.take place 发生 2.in memory of 纪念 3.dress up 盛装;打扮;装饰 4.play a trick on 诈骗;开玩笑 5.look forward to 期望;期待;盼望 2. 语法基础知识——状语从句 主题语境:话题——庆祝节日(人与社会) 语言技能:能在主题语境下,运用所学的语言知识写出日常生活事物的应用文,能够以较丰 富的语言写出读后续写的故事。 【基础巩固】 知识点 1.starve vi.&vt. (使)饿死;饿得要死 【归纳拓展】 6.day and night 日夜 7.as if/though 似乎,好像 8.have fun with 玩得开心 9.turn up 出现;到场 10.keep one’s word 守信用;履行诺言 11.hold one’s breath 屏息;屏气 12.set off 出发;动身;使爆炸 13.remind...of... 使……想起…… 14.be/get married to 和……结婚 15.apologize to sb. for... 因……向某人道歉 16.in celebration of 为了庆祝 17.have belief in 对……有信仰 18.be drowned in 沉溺于;埋头于 经典句型 (高考书 面表达必 备) 1. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find,_especially during the cold winter months.在当时,如果食物难以找到,人们就会挨饿,特别是在寒冷的冬季。 2.The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.整个国 度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 3.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... 很明显,咖啡馆的经理在等李方离开…… 必备语法 (高级句 型) 状语从句 starvation n.[u] 饿死 starve to death = die of starvation/hunger 饿死 starve sb to death 把某人饿死 starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth. 希望/渴望得到某物 【典例 1】 语法填空 1.(2020·江苏高三)Over 1,000 elephants face ___________________(starve)in Thailand because the coronavirus crisis has cut down revenues from tourism. 【答案】starvation 【解析】句意:在泰国,超过 1000 头大象面临饥饿,因为冠状病毒危机减少了旅游业的收 入。作宾语用名词形式。故填 starvation。 2.Is there any food? I am _________(starve). 【答案】starving 【解析】句意:有食物吗?我快饿死了。starved= starving “饥饿的;挨饿的”,是 adj.,这里 starving 是在饥饿状态中,是一天中的某一断时间挨饿,此处在系动词之后,用形容词表示 状态,故填 starving。 【变式】 完成句子 1) The enemy is trying to starve us _____ _____ 敌人正在企图饿死我们。 2)The enemy was aimed at starving us ______ submission. 敌人目的是想断绝食物让我们屈服。 3) I’ m _____; let’ s have a big dinner. 我饿得要死了,让我们吃一顿丰盛的晚餐吧。 4) Thousands of people ________ ________ ________ in Africa. 在非洲成千上万的人们都饿死了。 5) These children are ________ ________ love. 这些孩子都渴望爱。 6) The people on the island _______ _______ _______ fresh water since it hadn’t rained for nearly half a year. 因为将近一年没下雨了,岛上的人们都急需淡水。 【答案】1) to death 2) into3) starving 4). starved to death/died of starvation 5) starving for 6) were starved of 知识点 2.trick n.诡计;恶作剧;花招;窍门 vt.哄骗,欺骗 【归纳拓展】 trick or treat 不送礼物就捣乱(万圣节前夕孩子们挨户要礼物的用语) play a trick on sb.捉弄某人 have a trick of doing sth. 有做某事的习惯 trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事 trick sb. out of sth. 骗取某人某物 【典例 2】 根据句意填空 (1) John taught me ________ _______ _______opening a bottle of wine.. 约翰教会了我打开酒瓶盖的窍门。 (2) The children loved to _______ _______ _______ their teacher. 这些孩子好跟他们的老师玩恶作剧。 (3)She tricked me _______ ________ for her meal at the restaurant. 她在饭馆里骗我替她付了饭钱。 【答案】(1)the trick of(2)play tricks on (3) into paying 【变式】 单项选择 It's surprising that you should have been fooled by such a simple ______. A.trial B.trick C.treat D.trip 【答案】B 【解析】trick“恶作剧,诡计”,符合题意。 完成句子 (1)They had to think of ____ ____ to get past the guards .他们只好想出个计谋骗过岗哨。 (2)The kids are always ____ _____ ___.孩子们经常耍些花招戏弄老师。 (3)He tricked me _____ ____ him $100.他骗我借给了他 100 美元。 (4)She _____ _____ _____ _____ her life savings 她被骗走了一生的积蓄。 【答案】(1)a trick (2)playing tricks on (3)into lending(4)was tricked out of 知识点 3.gain vt. & vi. 获得;赢得;(钟表)走快 n. 利益 【归纳拓展】 gain experience / fame / independence 获得经验/名望/独立 gain sth. from 从……处获得某物 gain other’ s respect / love / trust 获得别人的尊敬/爱戴/信任 No pains, no gains. 一分耕耘,一分收获。 【典例 3】 单项选择 1.(2020·上海复旦附中月考)Only when he conquered his inner fear a newfound sense of accomplishment and self-confidence. A.did he gain B.he had gained C.he gained D.has he gained 【答案】A 【解析】考查倒装句。句意:只有克服了内心的恐惧,他才获得新的成就感和自信心。only when 引导的时间状语从句位于句首,主句需要使用部分倒装语序(一般疑问句的语序)。 由 conquered 可知,主句的时态使用一般过去时,在部分倒装中使用的助动词是 did。故选 A。 2.________ private hospitals are operating purely for ________, how can we be sure they treat the patient best? A.While; honor B.Once; service C.If; gain D.Though; income 【答案】C 【解析】考查条件状语从句和名词辨析。解题步骤:1.确定各选项意思:A. While 当……时 候;honor 荣誉;B. Once 一旦;service 服务;C. If 如果;gain 利润;D. Though 尽管;income 收入。2.确定答案:分析可知,______ private hospitals are operating purely for ______应是条 件状语从句,因此第一个空应选用 if 引导从句;结合句意可知句子话题在讨论 private hospitals(私立医院),私立医院以盈利为目的,因此第二个空应是利润(gain)。句意:如果 私立医院纯粹是为了盈利而经营,我们怎么能保证他们给病人最好的治疗呢?故选 C 项。 【变式】 推测汉语意思 (1) My watch gains two minutes every 24 hours.我的表每天______两分钟。 (2) He has gained rich experience in these years. 这些年他已______了丰富的经验。 (3) He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 康复后他的体重______了。 【答案】 (1)走快_(2) 获取(3)增加 完成句子 (1) I have _______ _______ _______ _______ ______ since I arrived. 我到这里以后,结识了很多朋友。 (2) He had ________________ and looked much better. 他体重增加,脸色好看多了。 (3) ___________ into the pit, ___________ in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。 【答案】(1)gained a lot of friends(2)gained weight(3)A fall;a gain 知识点 4.award vt. 颁奖,授予,判定 n.奖项,奖金, 助学金,奖品 【归纳拓展】 win/receive/get an award for 因某事赢得、得到、获得奖项 award sb. sth./sth. to sb. 授予某人某物 be awarded for... 因……而受奖 辨析: award 和 reward award n.“奖品”、“奖金”,指因为作出杰出成就而受奖 win/get/receive an award for sth. vt.“授与”、“颁发”、“判给” award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. reward n.“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬 as a reward vt. 表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意 reward sb. for sth. / reward sb. with sth. 【典例 4】 语法填空 1.(内蒙古月考)We were excited at the sight of two five-star red flags rising in the stadium, two pairs of Chinese athletes ______ (award)at the moment. 【答案】being awarded 【解析】在独立结构中 two pairs of Chinese athletes 与 award 是被动关系,表进行。句意:我 们非常激动的看到两面五星红旗在体育馆同时升起,两组中国运动员获得奖项。故填 being awarded。 2. The student benefited from the training so much that he _____(award) the first prize in the event. 【答案】was awarded 【解析】句意“那个学生受益于身体锻炼,结果,在比赛中获得了一等奖。”award“授予,颁 发”。此处指被授予。故填 was awarded。 单项选择 1.(2019·江苏高三期中)Lady Gaga was reported _____ an Oscar Award in 2019 for the Best Original Song Shallow in the film A Star Is Born. A.to award B.awarding C.to have been awarded D.being awarded 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:据报道 Lady Gaga 因电影 A Star Is Born 中的歌曲《shallow》 被授予 2019 奥斯卡最佳原创歌曲。sb. be reported to do sth.“某人被报道去做某事”。因为获 奖发生在报道之前,所以应该用不定式的完成形式,award 和 Lady Gaga 是逻辑上的动宾关 系,应用不定式的被动形式。故选 C。 2.(北京高三期中)–He ____ the Most Popular Teacher in his hometown, right? -Yes. ten years before he came to this school A.is awarded B.has awarded C.was awarded D.awarded 【答案】C 【解析】句意:--他在家乡被授予过“最受欢迎的教师”称号,是吗?--是的,是在他来到这 个学校的十年前。从后句内容可知他被授予光荣称号是过去的事情,用一般过去时的被动形 式,选 C。 【变式】 推测汉语意思 (1) They awarded John the first prize.他们________约翰一等奖。 (2) She was given a gold medal as an award.她被授予一枚金牌________。 【答案】(1)授予(2)作为奖励 完成句子 (1) He won _______ _________ ________ his excellent skill.他由于他出色的技能而获奖。 (2)Is that how you ________ me for my help?这就是你如何来回报我的帮助吗? (3)They ________ John the first prize in the contest. 他们在竞赛中颁发给约翰一等奖。 【答案】(1) the award for(2)reward (3)awarded 知识点 5.admire vt. 赞美;钦佩,羡慕,欣赏 【归纳拓展】 admiration n. 赞美,钦佩 admirable adj. 可饮佩的,极佳的 admiring adj. 赞赏的,羡慕的 admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人 have admiration for sb./sth. 羡慕/钦佩某人/物 watch/gaze in admiration 赞赏地观看/凝视着 【典例 5】 语法填空 1. (湖南长郡中学高三月考)Every morning Jack's wife will stand before the mirror, (admire)herself before leaving home. 【答案】admiring 【解析】每天早晨,出门前,Jack 的妻子将会站在镜子前,欣赏自己。admiring 作 stand 的 伴随状语。故填 admiring。 2. Tired and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____(admire) the beautiful scenery. 【答案】to admire 【解析】固定词组 stop to do sth 停下来做另外一件事情。句意:很累而且上气不接下气,我 们到达了山顶,停下来欣赏美丽的风景。故填 to admire。 3.( 安徽高三月考) I clapped my hands happily in _______ (admire)of the pilot’s beautiful flight on the Air Show. 【答案】admiration 【解析】in admiration of 怀着对…的赞美 对…表示钦佩;句意:我高兴的鼓掌对空展上飞 行员的美丽的飞行表示敬佩。故填 admiration。 4. (湖北高三月考)The method recommended by WHO is_______ (admire)in accuracy, but it is too demanding in operation and it consumes too many laboratory animals. 【答案】admirable 【解析】句意:那被某人推荐的方案在精确性上十分令人敬佩,但在运作上要求太高,需要 太多的实验动物。形容词作表语。故填 admirable。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·江苏高三期末) It’s amazing that an Australian girl sailed around the world alone in about 200 days. That’s an inspiring story. Her courage is really ________. A.acceptable B.adjustable C.admirable D.accessible 【答案】C 【解析】考查形容词。A. acceptable 可接受的; B. adjustable 可调节的; C. admirable 令人钦佩的; D. accessible 可进入的。句意:一个澳大利亚女孩在大约 200 天的时间里 独自驾船环游世界,这太不可思议了。这是一个鼓舞人心的故事。她的勇气令人钦佩。故选 C。 2.(深圳市高级中学期中)I have great ______ for the hero’s courage, so I decide to follow his heroic deeds. A.wander B.puzzle C.consult D.admiration 【答案】D 【解析】考查名词。A. wander 徘徊;B. puzzle 迷惑;C. consult 咨询;D. admiration 钦佩。 我对英雄的勇气非常钦佩,所以我决定向他学习。 故选 D。 3. I _________ him for his success in business. A.enjoy B.treat C.believe D.admire 【答案】D 【解析】本题考查动词。句中 admire sb for sth 羡慕某人某事。句意:我羡慕他生意上的成 功。 完成句子 (1)The school is widely _______ ______ its excellent teaching.这所学校教学优秀,远近称 誉。 (2)They looked ______ silent ______________ at the painting.他们默默地欣赏着那幅画。 (3)He gave her __________________________.他向她投以赞赏的一瞥。 【答案】(1)admired for (2) in admiration (3) an admiring look 知识点 6.apologize v.道歉 【归纳拓展】 apology n.道歉 apologize to sb. for (doing) sth. =make an apology to sb. for (doing ) sth. =say sorry to sb. for (doing) sth. =offer sb. an apology for (doing) sth.因某事向某人道歉 accept/refuse an apology 接受/拒绝道歉 【典例 6】 语法填空 1.(2020·福建省厦门第六中学月考)That girl apologized ______ the neighbour for what she said. 【答案】to 【解析】句意:那个女孩由于自己说的话向她的邻居道歉。Apologize to 向某人道歉。故填 to。 2.(2020·天津高三)He smiled politely as Lucy _____________(apologize)for her drunken friends. 【答案】apologized 【解析】句意:当露西为她喝醉的朋友道歉时,他礼貌地微笑着。根据 smiled politely 可知, 此处用一般过去时,故填 smiled politely。 3.(北京高三)—Mum, I broke Dad’s sunglasses this morning. —You need to make an ________(apologize)for your fault, or you will regret. 【答案】apology 【解析】句意:——妈妈,今天上午我打坏了爸爸的太阳镜。——你需要为你的错误道歉, 否则你会后悔的。根据语境填名词形式 apology。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2020·全国南开中学高三月考)I lied yesterday, ______I should make an apology to you. I’m very sorry. A.which B.for which C.whom D.for whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我昨天撒谎了,我应该为此向你道歉。对不起。所 缺词引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个句子,用关系代词 which,make an apology for“因……而道歉”,固定搭配,介词提前,为介词加关系代词的结构。故选 B。 2.(2018·天津高三)— He made an apology be blamed what he had done. — It's really wise of him. A.so as to not; of B.in order to not; for C.so as not to; for D.in order not to; of 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式做目的状语和固定搭配。上句:他做了一个道歉,以免所做的事被 指责。下句:他真地很明智。so as not to do sth 表示“以便不做某事”.be blamed for sth 表示“因 某事受责备”.what he had done 是介词宾语从句,表示“他做的事”。故选 C。 完成句子 (1) Bill was _______ _______ his friend ______ having kept her waiting for a long time. 比尔因让他的朋友等了好长时间正在道歉呢。 (2) I _______ _________ my host and left early.我向主人道过歉后提早离去。 (3) Please _______ my sincere _______.请接受我真诚的歉意。 (4)He _______ _______ ______ ______ us ______ his being late.他因为他的迟到而向我们道 歉 (5)I don’t mind ___________(道歉) to others if I make a mistake. 【答案】(1) apologizing to ;for(2) apologized to (3) accept;apology (4)made an apology to ; for (5) apologizing 知识点 7.permission n.[u] 许可;允许 【归纳拓展】 permit vt 允许,许可 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 with/without (one’ s) permission 得到允许/未经允许 ask sb. for permission 征求某人的许可 give sb. permission to do sth=permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 have one’ s permission 得到某人的同意 【典例 7】 语法填空 1.(江苏高三)According to the local law, no one shall enter the building site without _______ (permit). 【答案】permission 【解析】句意:根据当地法律,没有许可任何人不准进入这个大楼。介词后用名词形式。故 填 permission。 2.(2019·黑龙江铁人中学高三开学考试)Weather___________(permit), we'll go out for a walk. 【答案】permitting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:天气允许的话,我们就出去散步。本题中没有连词,它不 是复合句,也不是并列句,句中使用了逗号,且 we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。能够这 样使用的只有独立主格结构或 with 的复合结构。据此判断,本句中使用的是独立主格结构, 其结构为:名词+分词。由于 permit 在这里翻译为“天气允许”,表主动,应用现在分词,故 填 permitting。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(江苏金陵中学高三课时练习)When you visit a museum you must ask for _______ permission before taking _______ photographs inside it. A./; / B.a; the C.a; / D.the; the 【答案】A 【解析】句意:当你去参观一所博物馆时,你在里面拍照前必须先得到允许。该题考查定冠 词用法。permission 意为“允许”,是不可数名词,不用冠词修饰;photograph 意为“照片”, 可数名词,句中为复数形式,而且表示泛指,故不用定冠词修饰。故选 A。 2.Stay awake!You should know that it ________to sleep in class. A.doesn’t permit B.is not permitted C.will not be permitted D.was not permitted 【答案】B 【解析】考查语态。句意:保持清醒!你应该知道在课堂上睡觉是不被允许的。根据语境, 表示被动含义,要用被动语态,表示客观事实,用一般现在时态的被动形式,故选 B。 完成句子 (1) They entered the room _______ _______ 未经允许他们进入了这个房间。 (2) You will need to ask for _______ if you want to extend your house. 如果你们想扩建房子,你得需要活动许可。 (3) We have arranged to play basketball on Saturday, weather _______. 我们已经安排在周六打篮球,如果天气允许的话。 (4) ) We have arranged to play basketball on Saturday if weather _______. 我们已经安排在周六打篮球,如果天气允许的话。 (5) The school doesn’t permit _______. 学校不允许学生吸烟。 (6) The school doesn’t permit students_______. 学校不允许学生吸烟。 【答案】(1) without permission (2) permission (3)permitting (4)permits (5) visiting(6) to smoke 知识点 8.remind vt. 提醒;使想起 【归纳拓展】 remind sb. of / about sth. 提醒某人记住某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that... 提醒某人/使某人想起…… 注:常用于 vt.+sb.+of sth./doing 的动词有 inform, warn, accuse, cure, suspect 等,如: inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人某事 cure sb. of sth. 给某人治愈某病 suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事 【典例 8】 语法填空 1._____ (remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20. the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. 【答案】Reminded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语 the manager,非谓 语动词与句子主语是被动关系,所以用过去分词。句意:因为经理被告知不要错过 15:20 的 航班,所以他匆忙赶往机场。根据句意填 Reminded。 2. Please remind me ________ the meeting again tomorrow in case I forget. 【答案】of 【解析】句意:明天记得再提醒我开会,以防我忘记了。Remind sb of sth 意为:提醒某人 某事,故填 of。 3.(2019·天津静海一中)The audience _____(remind)to turn their cell phones off in the theatre. A.selected B.recognized C.respected D. 【答案】was reminded 【解析】句意:在剧院里,有人提醒观众把手机关掉。根据句意用被动语态。故填 was reminded。 【变式】 单项选择 1.These achievements showed the power of determination, but they also ________ us of the challenges. A.informed B.reminded C.robbed D.required 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:这些成就显示了决心的力量,但也提醒了我们面临的挑战。 A. informed 通知;B. reminded 提醒;C. robbed 抢劫;D. required 需要。remind...of...为固定 搭配,意为提醒……,根据句意提醒了我们面临的挑战。故选 B 项。 2.(2020·陕西西北工业大学附属中学高三)What a stupid mistake! I ______ you to go over your paper carefully. Why wouldn't you listen to me? A.was reminding B.had reminded C.reminded D.would remind 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意:真是一个愚蠢的错误。我已经提醒你要仔细复习试卷,你为什么 不听我的呢?根据语境可知,“犯错”发生在过去,而“我提醒你”发生在“犯错”之前,即过去 之过去,应用过去完成时 had done,故选 B 项。 完成句子 (1)Please remind me _____ _____ my medicine three times a day. Please remind me_____ I should take my medicine three times a day. 请提醒我要每天服三次药。 (2) The pictures ______ me ______ my school days. 这些照片使我想起学生时代。 (3) ______me ________back to Tom. 提醒我给汤姆写回信。 【答案】(1) to take ; that (2) remind ;of (3) Remind ;to write 知识点 9.forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅;饶恕 【归纳拓展】 forgive sb. (for) sth. 原谅某人的某事 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 【典例 9】 单项选择 1. ---How are you getting along with Jim now? ---Well, OK now. But he _______ until I apologized. A.didn’t forgive B.hasn’t forgiven C.hadn’t forgiven D.won’t forgive 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意:—你现在和 Jim 相处得怎么样?—现在很好了,但是直到我道歉 他才原谅我。根据句意可知现在两人的关系很好,道歉和原谅都是过去发生的事情,所以使 用一般过去时。故 A 项正确。 2.Hellen doesn’t know how much I spent in repairing the house. If she ever found out, I’m sure she me. A.will never forgive B.would never forgive C.does not forgive D.never forgives 【答案】B 【解析】考查 if 引导的虚拟条件句。句意“海伦不知道我重新装修房子花了多少钱。如果她 发现的话,我敢肯定她绝不会原谅我。”本题中的 if 引导的是虚拟、假设的情况,且与现在 相反,故原来的一般将来时要改为过去将来时。故选 B。 【变式】 完成句子 (1) He asked us to forgive him _______ what he had done. 他请求我们原谅他做过的事情。 (2)Forgive my _______ you.请原谅我打断你。 【答案】(1) for (2) interrupting 知识点 10.take place vi. 发生;举行 【归纳拓展】 take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代 in place of (介词短语)代替;交换 take sb’ s place / take the place of sb. 坐某人的座位;代替某人的职务 in place 放在原来的位置;适合的,恰当的 out of place 不在合适的位置;不适当的 in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点 in one’s place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想 辨析:take place / happen / occur / come about / break out take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”,一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”,即这种事件 的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。 happen 作“发生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件。 occur 作“发生、想到、突然想起”解,其意义相当于 happen。 come about 表示“发生、产生”,多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用 于疑问句和否定句。 break out 意思为“发生、爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病、火灾或者争吵等事件的 发生,也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。 【典例 10】 语法填空 1.(江苏南京师大附中期中)Nanjing is no longer what it was. Great changes _____ (take) place in the past few years. 【答案】have taken 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:南京不再是原来的样子了。 过去几年发生了巨大变化。 take place 为固定词组,意为“发生”,它没有被动语态, 根据时间状语 in the past few years 可知为现在完成时,故填 have taken。 2.Farmers in China began to use tractors to take _________ place of cattle for farming work. 【答案】the 【解析】句意:中国的农民开始用拖拉机代替牲畜进行农耕。take the place of 意为“代替, 取代,接替……”,故填 the。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·鄂尔多斯市第一中学期末)A local radio station said that several eruptions _____ in the past twenty years. A.had been taken place B.took place C.have taken place D.had taken place 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:一个当地的广播电台说在过去的 20 多年里,发生过多次 火山喷发。take place 属不及物动词短语,无被动语态。由此可以排除 A; in the past twenty years 常用于完成时中,再结合句中的 said 可知,该用过去完成时。故选D项。 2.Have you prepared for the sports meeting which _____ soon? A.has taken place B.will be taken place C.is to take place D.is to be taken place 【答案】C 【解析】试题分析:考查动词时态。句意:你为不久将要举行的体育运动会做好准备了吗? 这里是定语从句,先行词是 sports meeting,which 在从句中主语;take place 不能用被动的 形式,故排除 BD;因为从句的状语是 soon 表将来,故排除 A。所以应选 C。 用 place 短语的适当形式填空。 1). Now everything is _______ _______. 现在一切就绪。 2). If I were _______ _______ _______, I would take this job. 如果我处在你的位置,我就会接受这份工作。 3). Plastics will _______ _______ _______ _______ many other materials. 塑料将会取代许多其他的材料。 4). We used plastics doors_______ _______ _______ glass doors. 我们用塑料门取代了玻璃门 5). While the manager was on holiday, he _______ _______ _______. 当经理去度假的时候,他取代他的位置。 【答案】: (1). in place (2). in my place (3). take the place of (4). in place of (5). took his/her place 用适当的词填空 (1)_____ _____ _____ ______ ______ I saw him yesterday. 我突然想起我昨天见过他。 (2) When the Second World War _________ ,he was in German. 当二战爆发的时候,他还在德国。 (3) I didn’t understand how it _________ that you were late again. 我不明白你怎么会又迟到了。 【答案】(1) It occurred to me that (2) broke out (3) came about 知识点 11.in memory of 纪念;追念 【归纳拓展】 in+n.+of 短语 in praise of 歌颂 in honor of 纪念;为向……表示敬意 in favor of 赞同 in support of 支持 in charge of 负责 in search of 寻找 in possession of 拥有 in need/want of 需要 in place of 代替 in hope of 希望 【典例 12】 语法填空 1. The city built a statue ______ memory of the great writer. 【答案】in 【解析】句意:为了纪念这位伟大的作家,这座城市塑造了一座雕像。in memory of 是固定 用法,意思是纪念。故填 in。 2.Every day read a proverb aloud several times until you have it ______ (memory). 【答案】memorized 【解析】句意:每天反复大声朗读一则谚语直到你记住他。祈使句用动词原型来开始。此处 指被记住,过去分词作宾补。故填 memorized。 【变式】 完成句子 (1) The museum was built _____ ______ ____ the famous scientist. 这个博物馆是为了纪念那位著名的科学家而建立的。 (2) He wrote a long moving poem _____ ______ ____ the hero. 他写了一首感人的长诗来纪念这位英雄。 【答案】(1)in memory of(2)in memory of 用 in + n. + of 构成的词组填空。 (1) If you are ______ ______ ______ anything, don’ t hesitate to ask me. 如果你需要什么,不要犹豫问我就可以。 (2) In the discussion, I was ______ ______ ______ Mr. Liu. 在讨论中,我支持刘先生。 (3) This is a poem _______ _______ ______the construction workers. 这是一首赞美建筑工人的诗。 (4) We use chopsticks ______ _______ ______ knives and forks. 我们使用筷子代替了刀叉。 【答案】(1) in need/want of (2) in favor of(3) in praise of(4)in place of 知识点 13.dress up 盛装;打扮;装饰 【归纳拓展】 dress up for sth. 为某事而盛装 dress up as sb. 打扮成为某人 be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色) 穿着…… dress sb./oneself 给某人或自己穿衣 【典例 13】 语法填空 1. You should dress ____ for the party, for it’s a good chance for you. 【答案】up 【解析】此处 dress up 打扮;装饰。句意:你应该为聚会打扮一下,因为对你来说是一个好 机会。故填 up。 2. ______(dress)in a red dress, she was easy to pick out in the big crowd. 【答案】Dressed 【解析】考察过去分词作状语。Dressed 过去分词表示状态,句意:穿着红色连衣裙,她在 人群中很容易被辨认出来。故填 Dressed。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2020·天津高三)You can imagine Li Ziqi, a Chinese woman in a field, ________ in traditional clothing, and picking flowers to create makeup for her cheeks. A.to dress B.dressing C.was dressing D.dressed 【答案】D 【解析】考查形容词短语作伴随状语。句意:你可以想象李子柒,一个中国女人,穿着传统 服装,在田野里采花,为她的脸颊化妆。固定短语:be dressed in“穿着……”。此处是形容 词短语作伴随状语,修饰主语的状态。故选 D。 2.— I will go to the party if I don’t have to dress up. —Well, actually, it doesn’t matter _______ you’re dressed. A.what B.whether C.how D.when 【答案】C 【解析】考查主语从句;句意:如果没有化装我也会去聚会,事实上,你穿什么不重要; it 做形式主语,真正的主语后 how 引导的主语从句,故选 C 项。 完成句子 (1) The prisoners escaped by ________ _______ _______ guards.犯人们装扮成哨兵逃跑了。 (2) The children are too young to ______ ______, so she has to ______ them every morning. 孩子们还太小自己不会穿衣服,所以她不得不每天早晨给他们穿衣服。 (3)He is always________ ______red.他总是穿着红色衣服。 【答案】(1)dressing up as(2)dress themselves; dress(3)dressed in 知识点 14.look forward to 期望;期待;盼望 【归纳拓展】 提示:look forward to 结构中的 to 为介词,其后接名词或动名词。类似的动词短语还有: be/become/get used to 习惯于…… pay attention to 注意 devote...to... 把……致力于…… get down to 着手做…… lead to 通向,导致 stick to 坚持 belong to 属于 object to 反对 prefer...to... 宁愿……也不…… contribute to 为……作贡献 be exposed to 暴露于…… be accustomed to 习惯于 refer to 查阅;提到 get close to 接近;差点 【典例 14】 语法填空 1.( The woman is always looking forward to ________(live) a rich life. 【答案】living 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:女人总是向往富有的生活。looking forward to doing 是固定 搭配,故填 living。 2.The letter he had been looking forward to ________(come)at last this morning. 【答案】came 【解析】句意是:他一直盼望的信终于来了。look forward to “盼望”其中 to 是介词,以为是 动名词做宾语,但这题 look forward to 的宾语是 the letter,he had been looking forward to 是 定语从句,这句话缺少谓语,填 came。 【变式】 单项选择 To my great joy, I got a chance to take a photo with Andy after the concert, which I ____________ forward to for years. A.have been looking B.had been looking C.looked D.had looked 【答案】B 【解析】句意:让我非常高兴的是,在演唱会后我有机会和 Andy 拍照,这是多年我一直盼 望的事情。因为前面说 I got a chance to take a photo with Andy after the vocal concert,所以“盼 望”是过去的过去一直在做的事情,用过去完成进行时,所以选 B。 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) The boy looked forward ______ (see) if that was his mother because he had been looking forward to ______ her return. 这个男孩往前看是否那是他的母亲,因为他一直在盼望着她回来。 (2) The chanceI had been looking forward to ______ (come).我一直盼望的机会来了。 (3) I used to ______ up late, but now I’ m used to ______ up early.我过去起床很晚,但是现在我 习惯早起了。 【答案】(1) to see; seeing (2) came (3) get; getting 知识点 15. turn up 出现;到场;开大,调高,增加速度、音量、强度或流量 【归纳拓展】 turn against 背叛;(情况等)对……不利 turn away 走开,离开;把……打发走 turn back 折回,往回走;翻回到 turn down 关小,调低;拒绝 turn off 关(水源、煤气、电等);令……厌烦 turn on 打开;使……感兴趣 turn out 结果是;证明是;生产,制造;培养,造就 turn to 转向,变成;求救于,求助于 turn in 上交,欺骗 turn over 把……交给……;翻转 【典例 15】 单项选择 1.( 2019·赤峰二中月考)To my disappointment, Alice ________ my invitation to the ball because she said that she didn't like to ________ on such an occasion. A.turned down; turn up B.turned off; turn into C.turned back; turn in D.turned out; turn up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. turned down 拒绝; turn up 出现;B. turned off 关闭; turn into 变成;C. turned back 阻挡; turn in 上交;D. turned out 结果是; turn up 出现。句意:令我失望 的是,爱丽丝拒绝了我的舞会邀请,因为她说她不喜欢在这种场合出现。根据句意可知,第 一空表示“拒绝”,第二空表示“出现”,故 A 项正确。 2.The famous writer as well as his wife and daughter _____said to ______our party,but so far they_____. A.are;have attended;don’t turn up B.is;have attended;haven’t turned up C.is;attend;haven’t turned up D.are;attend;don’t turn up 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致及时态。句意:据说那位著名作家和他的妻子、女儿都来参加我们的 聚会,但到目前为止他们还没有来。as well as 引导并列主语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保 持一致;根据句意,“参加我们的聚会”还没有发生,不能用完成时;so far 做时间状语时, 谓语动词要求使用现在完成时。故 C 选项正确。 【变式】 完成句子 (1) It’ s time for the meeting, but he hasn’ t _____ _____. 到开会的时间了,但他还没到。 (2)The farmers _____ _____ growing vegetables. 农民转产去种蔬菜了。 (3) It ______ ______ that it was Tom who broke the glass. 结果是汤姆打坏了杯子。 (4) Please ______ the television ______ a bit, I can’ t hear clearly. 请把电视机调大点音量,我听不清楚。 【答案】(1) turned up (2)turned to (3) turned out (4) turn up 知识点 16.keep one’ s word (= keep one’ s promise) 守信用;履行诺言 【归纳拓展】 break one’ s word/promise 违背诺言,失信 Word came that… 有消息传来说…… leave word 留言,口信 have/say the last word 下结论;说了算 have a word with sb. 和某人说几句话 have words with sb. 与某人争吵 take back one’s words 收回自己说过的话 in other words 换句话说,也就是说 in a/one word 总之,简言之 in words 用文字 beyond words 无法用语言表达 word for word 一字不差地;逐字地 【提示】keep one’s word 相当于 keep one’s promise,反义短语是 break one’s word/promise。 注意两短语中的 word 不可数,无复数。 【典例 16】 根据句意填空 (1) He never _____ ______ ______他从不履行诺言。 (2) His score was only 53. ______ ______ ______, he failed in the exam.他得了仅仅 53 分。换 句话说,他考试失败了。 【答案】(1) keeps his word. (2) In other words 【变式】 完成句子 (1) She is a person who always ______ ______ ______.她是一个很讲信用的人。 (2)Don’t _______ _______ _______, otherwise no one will trust you.不要失信,否则没有人 会信任你。 (3) ______ ______ _______, I think he’ s a fool.总之,我认为他是个傻子。 【答案】(1) keeps her word (2) break your word(3) In a word 考点 7.hold one’ s breath 屏息;屏住气 【归纳拓展】 (be) out of/short of breath 呼吸急促;喘不过气来;上气不接下气 catch one’ s breath 屏住气;歇口气 lose one’ s breath 气喘嘘嘘;上气不接下气 get one’ s breath 恢复正常呼吸 waste one’ s breath (on sb/sth)(对某人/某事物)白费唇舌 save one’ s breath 不必白费唇舌 【典例 17】 根据句意填空 (1) He ______ ______ ______ while the results were read out. 当公布成绩的时候他屏住呼吸。 (2) The race was so close that everyone was _______ _______ _______ at the finish. 这是一场势均力敌的比赛,以至于到最后每个人都屏住了呼吸。 【答案】(1) held his breath (2) holding his breath 【变式】 完成句子 (1) They won’ t listen, so don’ t ______ ______ ______ telling them. 他们不会听的,所以别再浪费口舌了。 (2) I’ m a bit ______ ______ ______ after my run. 跑步之后我有的气喘吁吁。 (3) It’ s useless talking to him. You may as well ______ ______ ______. 和他说是没有用的。你还是别浪费口舌了。 【答案】(1) waste your breath (2) out of breath (3) save your breath 知识点 18.set off 出发;动身;使爆炸 【归纳拓展】 set off for a place 出发到某地 set about doing sth 开始(某工作);着手做某事 set out 从某地出发上路 set out to do sth. 开始做某事 set sth up 摆放或竖起某物;创立,建立 set sth aside 将某事物放在一边;(为某目的)节省或保留钱或时间 【典例 18】 单项选择 1.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考)I had no idea that one simple comment would ___________ such a huge argument. A.set aside B.set down C.set out D.set off 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不知道一个简单的评论就能引起这么大的争论。A. set aside 留出;不顾;B. set down 记下;C. set out 出发;开始;D. set off 引起。根据句意可知 选 D。 2.(2019·天津耀华中学高三月考)I had no idea that one simple comment would ________ such a huge argument. A.go out B.go off C.set out D.set off 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不知道一个简单的评论会引起这么大的争论。A. go out 出去;熄灭;过时;B. go off 离开;进行;变质;睡去;断掉;爆炸;C. set out 出发;开始; 陈述;陈列;D. set off 出发;引起;动身;使爆炸;抵销;分开。结合句意可知,comment 为原因,argument 为结果,评论引起争论。D 项 set off 有“引起”含义。故选 D 项。 3.(2019·新疆乌市一中高三月考)He was left out when they ______ choosing a new manager, which came as a complete surprise to him. A.set out B.set about C.set off D.set up 【答案】B 【解析】考查词组辨析:set about 出发,开始后面接动名词,set off 出发,引发,, set out 出发,开始+to do,set up 建立,句意是;当他们开始选一个新经理时,他被遗漏了,这时他 很惊讶。根据用法可知选 B 项。 【变式】 完成句子 (1) What time are you planning to _________ _______ tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟起程? (2) They ______ ______a statue in honor of the national hero. 他们建了一座雕塑去纪念这位名族英雄。 (3) The children ______ ______ the fireworks in the yard. 这些孩子们在院子里放烟花。 (4) The new government must ______ ______ finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems. 新政府必须要着手解决国家的经济问题了。 【答案】(1) set off/out (2) set up (3) set off (4) set about 【考点精析】 考点 1 as though 【教材原句】The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. 整个国度到处是盛开的樱花,看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。 【句法分析】as though/as if...“好像”,可引导表语从句,也可引导方式状语从句。 【例句研读】 ①It looks as though you are ill today.今天你看上去好像病了。 ②He acted as if nothing had happened.他表现得若无其事。 ③It looks as if it’ s going to rain.看样子天要下雨了。 ④The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好象她是个大人。 ⑤He looked about as though (he was) in search of something.他四下张望, 好像寻找什么。 【拓展归纳】 (1)as if/as though 引导表语从句时,如果是客观的事实,用真实的语气;如果是不可能发生 的事,只是一种想象、猜测,则用虚拟语气。 The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain. 乌云密布,天看起来像要下雨了。 It looks as if the sky was/were falling down. 天看起来好像要塌下来似的。 (2)as if/as though 引导方式状语从句,如果是不可能发生的事,只是一种想象、猜测,则用 虚拟语气。 He talks as if he was/were the owner of the world. (与现在相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时) 他说起话来好像他主宰这个世界似的。 He talks as if he had been to that country . (与过去相反,从句谓语动词用过去完成时) 他说起话来好像他去过那个国家似的。 (3)as if 引导方式状语从句时可用省略形式,后面接名词、形容词、副词和介词短语,也 可跟分词或不定式。如: ①He opened his mouth as if to say something。 他张开嘴仿佛要说什么 ②The lady cried and laughed as if mad. 这位女士又哭又笑,好像疯了。 ③Tom dropped his head and didn’t dare say a word, as if not knowing the answer. 汤姆低垂着头不敢说话,好像不知道答案。 【考点聚焦】考查 as if /as though 引导的从句是否用虚拟语气。 【典例 19】 语法填空 1.( Li Ming speaks very good English as though he ________(be)an English boy. 【答案】were 【解析】句意:李明英语说得好似乎他是英国人。根据语境可知此处是虚拟语气,故填 were。 2.Adam behaved ________ though he had never heard such a thing before. 【答案】as 【解析】句意:亚当表现得好像他以前从没听到过这样的事情似的。as though 似乎,好像。 故填 as。 【变式】 单项选择 1.( 2020·江苏南京师大附中高三月考)Humans tend to regard ourselves we are the only species is on the planet-and certainly the only one that matters. A.as though B.even though C.though D.as 【答案】A 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意:人类倾向于认为我们好像是这个星球上唯一的物种,当然也 是唯一重要的物种。A. as though 好像;B. even though 尽管;C. though 尽管;D. as 当...... 时候。根据“we are the only species is on the planet”可知,我们好像是这个星球上唯一的物种, 事实并非如此。故选 A 项。 2. Beckham shook his head to say “Don’t trust her.” A.even though B.as though C.unless D.Until 【答案】B 【解析】A. even though 即使 B. as thought 好像 C. unless 除非 D.until 直到...为止 句意:贝 克汉姆摇着头好像在说“不要相信他。”故选 B。 3.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______yesterday. A.was happening B.happens C.has happened D.happened 【答案】D 【解析】考查 as if 从句中的时态。由语境知选 D。 4.The pencil looks as if it _______ with half of it in the glass of water. A. were broken B. broke C. breaks D. was broken 【答案】A 【解析】考查 as if 从句中的时态。由句意可知是虚拟语气,选 A。 考点 2 It is obvious that …… 【教材原句】It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave. 很明显咖啡店老板在等着李方离开。。 【句法分析】It is/was + adj./n./p.p. + that-clause 结构: It was obvious/clear that …= obviously/ clearly, … “很明显……,显而易见……” 【例句研读】 ①It is obvious that you are wrong. 很显然,你错了。 ②Obviously, you’ re wrong. 很显然,你错了。 ③It is obvious that he misunderstood you. 很显然,他误会你了。 ④Obviously, he misunderstood you . 很显然,他误会你了。 【拓展归纳】 类似句型: It is necessary/ important/ strange/ natural + that + sb. should do It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder + that + sb. should do It is said/believed/reported/announced/expected/… + that … 【考点聚焦】It is/was + adj./n./p.p. + that-clause 结构 【典例 20】 语法填空 1.(2020·天津高三一模)It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future. 【答案】that 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:对学生们来说很明显,他们应该为将来做好充分的准备。 本题中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的 they should get well prepared for their future 句 子成分齐全,所以使用只起连接作用、无实意的 that 引导。故填 that。 2.(2019·天津市天津中学高三期中)_____________was never clear why the man hadn't reported the accident sooner. A.that B.how C.when D. 【答案】It 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:这一直不清楚为什么那个人没有早点报告这起事故。根据句 中的 never clear 可知,是指不清楚其中不报道的原因;why“为什么”,在句子充当原因状语。 It 在句中是形式主语,真正的主语是 why 引导的主语从句。故填 It。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2020·天津高三二模)It is by no means clear the local government will do with the buildings of poor quality. A.what B.how C.whether D.which 【答案】A 【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:目前还不清楚当地政府将如何处理这些质量差的建筑。分 析句子,在形式主语中,真正的主语部分缺“will do”的宾语。名词性从句,若从句部分缺主 语。则引导词用“连接代词”。又因句意缺“什么”之意。故选 A 项。 2.(2020·江苏省月考)It is a truth well known to all ______China has become one of the strongest countries in the world. A.where B.which C.that D.who 【答案】C 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:众所周知,中国已成为世界上最强大的国家之一。分子句子 可知,此处是一个主语从句,it 是形式主语,that 引导的是真正的主语。故选 C。 考点 3 be +adj +to do 结构 【教材原句】At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find,_especially during the cold winter months.在当时,如果食物难以找到,人们就会挨饿,特别是在寒冷的冬季。 【句法分析】此结构可以和 it +is +adj +to do 结构互换。 【例句研读】 ①He is hard to deal with. =It is hard to deal with him . 他很难对付。 ②The apples are nice to eat = It is nice to eat apples。苹果很好吃。 【拓展归纳】 (1) find +it +adj+ to do 结构 I find it hard to get along with him 我发现他很难相处。 【考点聚焦】考查不定式结构或者逻辑主语 【典例 21】 语法填空 (2020·天津四中期中)― Mr. Johnson, I’m really sorry _____ (keep)you waiting for a long time. — I know you are very busy at the moment. 【答案】to have kept 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:—Johnson 先生,很抱歉让你等了这么长时间。 —我知 道你目前很忙。该空考查动词不定式作原因状语。to have done 是动词不定式的完成式,表 示发生于谓语动词之前。to do 是不定式的一般式,表示跟谓语动作同时或在其后发生;to be doing 则表示与谓语动作同时发生,强调正在进行。to have been done 是动词不定式的完成 被动形式,主语和该动作之间是被动关系。在该题中,“让你等待”发生在“I’m sorry”之前, 且主语和 keep 之间是主动关系,因此,该处应用动词不定式的完成形式。故填 to have kept。 【变式】 单项选择 1.(2019·上海市嘉定区第二中学)It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A.imagine B.to be imagined C.imagining D.to imagine 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很容易想象未经检查的植物疾病的后果:粮食短缺可能导 致数百万人死亡,并在世界上引起动荡。It is+adj.+ to do 表示“很……做某事”,it 为形式主 语,后面的不定式是真正的主语,故 D 项正确。 2.( 2020·天津高三三模)You can’t imagine how excited we were ________ that our schoolmates had won the first place in National Robot Competition. A.learning B.having learned C.to be learning D.to learn 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你无法想象我们是多么高兴当得知我们的同学获得全国机 器人大赛第一名的时候。be excited to do sth 做某事很兴奋,这里是感叹句,被感叹的词是 excited,所以 how +形容词 +主语+be to do,故选 D。 考点 4 话题写作——庆祝节日( 人与社会 ) 【典例 19】 (2020·天津高三)假设你是李津,你的英国笔友 Mike 发来邮件说他对中国的传统节日很感 兴趣。请你回一封邮件,向他介绍你喜欢的中秋节,内容包括: (1) 中国人如何庆祝中秋节; (2) 你喜欢这个节日的原因。 注意:(1) 词数不少于 100; (2) 可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯; (3) 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Mike, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Mike, I’m glad to learn that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals and I want to introduce my favorite festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival usually comes in September or October. On that day, family members usually get together and have a big meal. After that, we always admire the moon and share mooncakes with family members. I love this festival because I like eating mooncakes. More importantly, the reunion of family can make us feel love, peace and gratitude. In short, the Mid-Autumn Festival is a day of pleasure and happiness. I hope that my email will help you learn about Chinese festivals. Yours, Li Jin 【解析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文体裁的提纲类写作,要求考生写一封邮件,在邮件中写明:中国人 如何庆祝中秋节;你喜欢中秋节的原因。 第一步:审题 体裁:一般性应用文——书信(邮件) 格式:格式是书信,要写明写信的对象(即称呼)和写信人(即署名),正文前可适当添加 问候语,还要有结尾语 要点:要包括三个要点——对 Mike 对中国的中秋节感兴趣表示高兴;我们中国人如何庆祝 中秋节;喜欢中秋节的原因。 结构:总分总法 第二步:列提纲(重点短语和词汇) Traditional; festival; get together; meal; admire; reunion; peace; gratitude; pleasure; miss; wish; happiness 第三步:连词成句 I’m pleased to learn that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. Let me introduce my favorite festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival usually comes in September or October. Mooncakes are delicious. They smell good. The reunion of family can make us feel love, peace and gratitude on Mid-Autumn Festival. 第四步:连句成篇 第五步:润色修改 【点睛】 范文格式正确,完成了试题规定的任务,覆盖所有内容要点,应用了很多的语法结构:宾语 从句:I’m glad to learn that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals and I want to introduce my favorite festival.和 I hope that my email will help you learn about Chinese festivals. 状语从句:I love this festival because I like eating mooncakes.非谓语动词:More importantly, the reunion of family can make us feel love, peace and gratitude.和 I hope that my email will help you learn about Chinese festivals.文章中句与句之间的衔接词 After that;More importantly;In short 的使用,使文章条理清晰,层次分明,浑然一体。范文在语言方面没有太高级的词汇,整体 比较朴实。但完全达到了预期的写作目的。 【变式】 1. (浙江衢州二中高三)假定你是李华,对源自爱尔兰的 St. Patrick's Day 很感兴趣,想了 解并向同学们介绍这个节日。请你给爱尔兰的朋友 Peter 写一封信,询问关于 St. Patrick's Day 的一些信息。 内容包括: 1. 写信原因; 2. 需要的帮助; 3. 你的感激之情。 注意:1. 词数 80 左右 2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Peter, I'm writing to ask you for a huge favor. We are learning about festivals around the world and I'm fascinated by St. Patrick's Day, but unfortunately I cannot find much information about it. I know it originates in your country, so I'm wondering if you could help me out by telling me something about this festival,especially why and how people celebrate it. I'd appreciate it if you could write back to me soon. Millions of thanks. Yours Li Yue 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生给朋友 Peter 写信,向他询问有关爱尔兰 St. Patrick's Day 的 信息。 体裁:应用文 时态:根据提示,时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主 结构:总分总 要求: 1. 写信原因 2. 需要的帮助 3. 你的感激之情 第二步:列提纲(重点词组) ask sb to do sth/ do sb a favor/ learn about/ be interested in/ help sb do sth/ I'd appreciate it if 第三步:连词成句 1. I'm writing to ask you to do me a favor. 2. We are learning about festivals around the world and I'm interested in St. Patrick's Day, which is known as your national day. 3. Unfortunately, I cannot find much information about it, so I need your help, for you are a native. 4. I'm wondering if you could help me out by telling me something about this festival, such as its origin, why and how people celebrate it. 5. I'd appreciate it if you could write back to me soon. 第四步:连句成篇(加入衔接词或从句) 表示并列的连词:and/but/or/so… 状语从句连词:because/ if/ though/ although… 定语从句连词:which/ that/ when/ where… 第五步:修改润色(加入高级词汇或短语) 【点睛】 范文内容完整,要点全面,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关 系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句,例如:so I'm wondering if you could help me out by telling me something about this festival, especially why and how people celebrate it.中 if,why, how 引导宾语从句;I'd appreciate it if you could write back to me soon.中 if 引导条件状语从句。 文中长难句的使用展示了作者扎实的语言功底。 2. (2020·广东高三)假如你是李华,你学校打算举办关于中国传统节日的才艺大赛,你想 邀请你的好朋友,来自新西兰的 交换生 Jimmy 参加,请依据下列要点,给 Jimmy 写封邀请 函。 要点:1.比赛安排; 2.比赛目的、内容。 注意:1.词数 100 左右(开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数); 2.可适当增加细节,使内容充实、行文连贯。 Dear Jimmy, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jimmy, Is everything going smoothly with you recently? To strengthen our understanding of Chinese culture, our school will hold a talent show about traditional Chinese festivals. The reason why I write the letter to you is that I want to invite you to take part in it. The competition will be held on the stage set up on the playground in our school on the morning of May 16, when all the teachers will be present. You’d better present your favorite dance to show your understanding of one Chinese festival in my opinion, which not only provides you with the chance to prove your talent, but it will also win the judges. Hoping that you can take part. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 这是一篇提纲类写作。 第 1 步:根据提示可知,假如你是李华,你学校打算举办关于中国传统节日的才艺大赛,你 想邀请你的好朋友,来自新西兰的交换生 Jimmy 参加,请依据下列要点,给 Jimmy 写封邀请 函。要点:1.比赛安排; 2.比赛目的、内容。 第 2 步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组):smoothly (顺利地);a talent show (才艺大赛); take part in(参加);set up (设立);provide with (提供)等。 第 3 步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 应用一般将来时和一般现在时。 第 4 步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】 范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如The reason why I write the letter to you is that I want to invite you to take part in it.运用了定语 从句和表语从句;The competition will be held on the stage set up on the playground in our school on the morning of May 16, when all the teachers will be present.运用非限定性定语从句。 全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分 明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。
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