【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导八文化教育（6页word解析版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导八文化教育（6页word解析版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解分类指导八文化教育 考查要点 方法技巧 ‎1.文章的主题。‎ ‎2．所述文化教育的发展、特点、功能。‎ ‎3．不同文化教育间的异同、优点及缺点。‎ ‎4．价值观、道德观、风俗习惯的形成。‎ ‎1.抓住文章的内在逻辑关系，理清脉络。‎ ‎2．定位关键信息词、主题句，明确主旨。‎ ‎3．重点关注所述对象的特征，并进行归纳概括。‎ ‎[经典案例分析]‎ ‎(2018·江苏高考·B)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning(胎教)，birds could rule the roost．As recently reported in The Auk：Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)．Newborn chicks can then imitate their mom's call within a few days of entering the world.‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！”call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the redbacked fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies' begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？”Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。‎ ‎【长难句解读】　In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom's voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ ‎[分析]　本句是复合句。experiment后的that引导定语从句，suggest后面的that引导宾语从句，birds后面的that引导定语从句。‎ ‎[译文]　另外，研究团队做了一个单独的实验，实验表明，模仿鸟妈妈的声音最接近的幼鸟被给予的食物最多。‎ ‎1．The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means “ ”．‎ A．be the worst　　　 B．be the best C．be just as bad D．be just as good ‎[考查词义猜测。画线部分前面的语境说，婴儿在出生之前就能分辨很大的声响与人的嗓音；画线部分后面的语境说，有些鸟妈妈在鸟儿被孵化出来之前，就可能教它们啼叫。通过对比可知，与人类相比，鸟妈妈在胎教方面表现得最出色，故选B项。]‎ ‎2．What are Kleindorfer's findings based on?‎ A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.‎ B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ C．The data collected from Queensland's locals.‎ D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎[考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性，故选A项。]‎ ‎3．Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ．‎ A．can receive quality signals B．are in need of training C．fit the environment better D．make the loudest call ‎[考查推理判断。文章最后两段说，叫声与鸟妈妈的声音最接近的幼鸟得到的食物最多，这符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故选C项。]‎ ‎[题材对点训练]‎ ‎(2018·郑州市第二次质量预测)There were many famous poets from different periods of time in Chinese history, and thousands of their poems are still read and appreciated today.‎ To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage, China Central Television (CCTV) produced a TV show —Chinese Poetry Conference. The finale (终场) of the hit show's second season was shown on Feb.7 this year. ‎ Wu Yishu, 16, who studies at the High School Affiliated to Fudan University in Shanghai, came out on top. In an earlier episode(一集), Wu wowed the audience when performing in a section entitled“ Feihualing”. The game's theme was“yue”， meaning“moon” or“month” in Chinese. She recited the lines from the Classic of Poetry，the earliest collection of poems in China：“In July, the crickets (蟋蟀) are in the field. In August, they are in the yard. In September they are at the door. In October, they enter and crawl under our beds.”‎ ‎“I really admire her knowledge of poems，” said Huang Zijin, 16, a ‎ Senior 2 student from Ningbo High School in Zhejiang Province. “The first time I saw her wearing traditional Han clothing on TV, I was very impressed by her classical looks. She fulfills all my fantasies about classic Chinese women's talents. What's more, she always appears so calm throughout the show, which is very unusual for her age.”‎ As the old saying goes, “One who is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance.”‎ ‎“Learning poems isn't about winning or losing. The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world，” said Li Bo, an expert guest at the Chinese Poetry Conference's second season.‎ When it comes to teaching people about poetry, Li Dingguang, the show's academic advisor, suggested that teachers should explain more about the beauty of the poetry from both the aesthetic(美学的) and emotional sides, and guide the students to lose themselves in the poems' rhythmic(有节奏的) and rhyming lines.‎ ‎“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased, many students still learn them for exams，”Li Dingguang told China.org.cn.“Therefore, it's important to help students truly appreciate the artistry and fun of poetry.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国诗词源远流长，至今仍为世人传诵。为发扬中国文化，提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣，中央电视台制作并播出了《中国诗词大会》节目，中学生武亦姝以其特有的魅力征服了观众。‎ ‎1. What's one of the purposes of the TV show Chinese Poetry Conference?‎ A. To entertain people by enjoying Chinese poems.‎ B．To see who can recite the most classic Chinese poems.‎ C．To fulfill people's fantasies about Chinese women's talents.‎ D．To make more people interested in classic Chinese poetry.‎ D　[考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的“To arouse people's interest in those classic Chinese poems and promote cultural heritage”可知，‎ 中央电视台制作并播出《中国诗词大会》的目的是提高人们对中国古诗的兴趣、发扬中国文化，故D项正确。]‎ ‎2．From Paragraphs 3 and 4, what can we infer about Wu Yishu?‎ A. She is a talented and elegant Chinese teenager.‎ B．She has learned a large amount of poetry from textbooks.‎ C．She is always calm in the show like other competitors of her age.‎ D．She amazed the audience with the lines from the Classic of Poetry in the finale.‎ A　[考查推理判断。通读第三段可知，该段介绍了武亦姝以背诵含“月”字的诗词征服了观众；第四段介绍了人们对武亦姝气质和形象的评价：她穿着汉服，文静内秀，给人们留下了深刻的印象。据此可以推断，武亦姝是一个有天赋的、优雅的人，故A项正确。]‎ ‎[干扰项分析]　B项在第三、四段中没有提及；根据第四段最后一句中的“she always appears so calm throughout the show，which is very unusual for her age”可知，她的平静在同龄人中是不常见的，故C项错误；根据第三段第二句“In an earlier episode(一集)...a section entitled‘Feihualing’”可知，她背诵《诗经》中的诗词不是在决赛中，故D项错误。‎ ‎3．According to Li Bo, why do people learn poetry?‎ A．To get good marks in examinations.‎ B．To help build up their inner world.‎ C．To win the Chinese Poetry Conference. ‎ D．To appreciate the beauty of rhythm and rhyme.‎ B　[考查细节理解。根据第六段的“The power of poetry lies in shaping one's view of life and developing one's inner world”可知，郦波认为学习诗歌的目的在于塑造人的人生观和发展人的内心世界，故B项正确。]‎ ‎4．What is Li Dingguang's attitude to poetry teaching?‎ A．Doubtful.　　　　 B．Supportive.‎ C．Critical. D．Casual.‎ C　[考查观点态度。根据最后一段的“Although the amount of ancient Chinese poetry in the textbooks of primary and secondary schools has increased，many students still learn them for exams”可知，李定广对学校诗歌教学的评价是：尽管教材中诗歌的数量增多了，但是许多学生学习诗歌仅是为了考试。据此可以判断，他对诗歌教学持批评态度，故C项正确。]‎