2020届二轮复习(七)动词的时态和语态

2020届二轮复习(七)动词的时态和语态

‎2020届二轮复习 (七) 动词的时态和语态 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 一 般 体　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1. (2018•全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ________ (start) a soiltesting program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.‎ 解析：started　根据破折号前的内容可知，此处说的是2005年发生的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ 解析：managed　由语境可知，此处讲的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时，主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系，故填managed。‎ ‎3．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.”‎ 解析：comes　此句是直接引语，陈述客观事实，根据前面句子的谓语可知，动词come应该使用一般现在时。‎ ‎4．(2017•6月浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband _______ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.‎ 解析：searched　but后面的“turned up nothing”使用了过去时，search是与之并列的谓语动词，根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的行为，故要用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．(2016•四川高考)However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years, the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.‎ 解析：drove　此处讲过去发生的事，所以用一般过去时且为主动形式，故用drive的过去式drove。‎ ‎6．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________ (go) day after day：The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.‎ 解析：goes　此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去，由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观性陈述，故用一般现在时。‎ ‎7．(2014•全国卷Ⅰ)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ 解析：was　根据“In 1969, the pollution was terrible”可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，由于主语是It，因此此处谓语用was。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.________________‎ 解析：find→found　根据第一句中的时间状语During my last winter holiday可知，此处叙述的是去年寒假中的事情，故第二句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.________________‎ 解析：are→were　根据主句的谓语动词didn't realize和until引导的时间状语从句 的谓语动词entered可知，此处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.________________‎ 解析：begin→begun　根据语境：写作课刚刚已经开始，再结合前面的had，表明这是一个过去完成时的句子，因此把begin改为 begun。‎ ‎4．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.________________‎ 解析：goes→went　此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。‎ ‎5．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！________________‎ 解析：came→comes　此处主句是一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来，且从句主语为第三人称单数，故应用comes。‎ ‎6．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.________________‎ 解析：become→became　此句中的become和前面的entered是并列谓语，形式上应保持一致，故become应使用一般过去时。‎ ‎7．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still learn a lot.________________‎ 解析：thought→think　根据前面的suggest和后面的does, can still learn 可知此处应用一般现在时。‎ ‎8．(2016•全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.________________‎ 解析：tell→told　根据前面两句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry. ‎ ‎________________‎ 解析：begun→began　“was scared”与“begun”是由and连接的两个并列谓语，由“was scared”可知应用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began, begun是其过去分词，所以begun改为began。‎ ‎10．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.________________‎ 解析：telling→told　句子的主语为“A woman”，谓语为saw, crying为宾语补足语，and连接的是两个并列谓语，而不是两个宾语补足语，所以telling改为told。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)一般现在时 ‎1．表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词及表示现在的时间状语连用。例如：‎ always总是　　　 　 often经常　　　　　usually通常 sometimes有时 hardly ever几乎不 frequently经常 on Sundays在星期天 seldom很少 yearly每年 ‎2．表示主语目前的性质、特征、状态或能力等。‎ He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。‎ ‎3．表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象，或用在格言中。‎ ‎4．表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事情，常与具体的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻表、飞机航班时刻表，以及电影开演、作息、安排等时刻表上，且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词，例如：‎ come来　　　　　go去　　　　　 arrive到达 leave离开 begin开始 start开始 take off起飞 finish完成 stop停止 ‎(二)一般过去时 ‎1．表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，其中包括过去的习惯性动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：‎ yesterday昨天　　　　　　in 2019在2019年 the other day几天前 ... days/years ago ……天/年前 once upon a time从前 the day before yesterday前天 last week/month/year上周/上个月/去年 ‎2．描述过去时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed.‎ 他睁开眼睛，迅速穿上衣服，并从床上跳了下来。‎ ‎[特别注意]　在before和after引导的时间状语从句中，若表示两个过去的动作相继发生，两个动作都用一般过去时，前一个动作不必用过去完成时。‎ Henry visited New York before he left for Washington.‎ 亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约。‎ ‎3．有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应使用一般过去时。如I didn't know ...或I forgot ...等表示事先或说话之前不知道或不记得，但现在已知道或记得的事情。‎ I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在这里。‎ ‎(三)一般将来时 ‎1．will/shall＋动词原形 ‎(1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态，shall一般用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如：‎ tomorrow明天　　　　　　 in the future将来 later on后来 before long不久以后；很快 next week/month/year下周/下个月/明年 the day after tomorrow后天 ‎(2)will还可表示说话时临时作出的决定。‎ ‎—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.‎ ‎—All right. I will call him later.‎ ‎——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。‎ ‎——好吧，我过会给他打电话。‎ ‎2．be going to＋动词原形 表示按计划、打算将要做某事；还可表示“预见”，即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。‎ Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.‎ 看那些乌云。要下雨了。‎ ‎3．be about to＋动词原形/be on the point of＋动名词 ‎“be about to＋动词原形”及“be on the point of＋动名词”表示“立即的将来 ‎(immediate future)”，因此，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when(＝and at that time)引出的分句连用。‎ The train is about to start.火车就要开了。‎ ‎4．be to＋动词原形 用法 例句 表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事” They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面。‎ 表示“按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事”，相当于should, ought to You are to report it to the police.‎ 你应该报警。‎ 表示注定要发生的事情 Your plan is to be a failure. ‎ 你的计划注定要失败。‎ ‎(四)过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其构成是“should/would＋动词原形；was/were (going/about) to＋动词原形”。‎ He said he would be here at nine o'clock.‎ 他说他会在九点钟到这里。‎ ‎ ‎ 进 行 体　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018•北京高考改编)Susan had quit her wellpaid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. ‎ 解析：was working　句意：去年我拜访苏珊的时候，她已经辞去了那份高薪的工作，正在社区当志愿者。根据句意可知，此处强调过去的时间点正在进行的动作，因此用过去进行时。‎ ‎2．(2017•天津高考改编)I ______ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.‎ 解析：was driving　句意：我正开车去伦敦时，突然发现走错路了。be doing sth.＋ when ...是固定句型，表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”。‎ ‎3．(2014•北京高考改编)—Hi, let's go skating.‎ ‎—Sorry, I'm busy right now.I ________ (fill) in an application form for a new job.‎ 解析：am filling　句意：“嗨，我们去滑冰吧。”“抱歉，我现在正忙着呢。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”此句表示说话时正在发生的动作，故用现在进行时。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)现在进行时 ‎1．表示现在(说话人说话时)正在发生或进行的动作、状态，或现阶段一直进行着的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。其构成是“am/is/are doing”。例如：‎ now现在　　　　　right now现在　 　 at present目前these days目前；如今　　　　　at this moment此刻 ‎2．一些非延续性动词可用现在进行时表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，常见的这类动词有：‎ come来　　　go去　　　　　　 leave离开 arrive到达 start开始 begin开始 return返回 move移动 take拿走 ‎(二)过去进行时 ‎1．表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。其构成是“was/were doing”。常用的时间状语有：‎ at this/that time＋过去时间　　　 at ... o'clock＋过去时间 from ... to ...＋过去时间 those days那些日子 just now刚才；刚刚 ‎[特别注意]　现在进行时及过去进行时常与always, constantly, continually, all the time等状语连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，或强调赞赏、厌恶、生气、好奇等感情色彩，不强调动作正在进行。‎ He is always helping others.他总是乐于助人。(表赞赏)‎ She is always forgetting something.她总是忘事。(表不满)‎ ‎2．表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。‎ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle yesterday.‎ 我弟弟昨天骑自行车时摔倒了。‎ ‎3．一些非延续性动词可用在过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，多用于从句中。常见的该类动词有：‎ go去　　 　come来　　 　leave离开　　 　start开始 arrive到达 return返回 work工作 move移动 He said he was starting tomorrow.‎ 他说他打算明天出发。‎ ‎(三)将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。其构成是“will be doing”。例如：‎ at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 明天/后天的这个时间 ‎(by) then 那时 from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow ‎ 明天/后天从1：30到4：30‎ ‎ ‎ 完 成 体　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.‎ 解析：has grown　由时间状语Since 2011可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。且主语the country 是第三人称单数名词，故填has grown。‎ ‎2．(2018•北京高考改编)China's highspeed railways ______ (grow)from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. ‎ 解析： have grown　句意：在过去的几年，中国的高铁已从9 000千米延长到25 000‎ 千米。“during/over/in the past/last＋时间段”作状语，句子应用现在完成时态。‎ ‎3．(2018•江苏高考改编)Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be emailing each other, for we ________ (develop) more convenient electronic communication tools by then. ‎ 解析：will have developed　句意：我们有望在2025年的时候不再互相发电子邮件了，因为那时我们已经开发出更方便的电子通讯工具了。2025年为将来的时间，由by then可知要用将来完成时。‎ ‎4．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.________________‎ 解析：had→have　根据时间状语“in the past few years”可知，本句应该使用现在完成时。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)现在完成时 ‎1．表示过去发生且已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。注意这时说话者说话的重心在过去的事情对现在造成的影响上。其构成是“have/has done”，常用的时间状语有：already, just (刚刚), yet, before等。‎ I have already seen the film.我已经看过那部电影了。‎ ‎2．表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，也许还将持续下去的动作或状态。常用的状语有：lately, recently, in the last/past few days/years(在过去的几天/年里)，since then, up to now, so far (至今)等。‎ In the past few years, many new railways have been laid down.在过去的几年里修建了许多新铁路。‎ ‎3．在“最高级＋名词”或“It/This is/will be＋the first/second ... time”之后的定语从句中，谓语动词用现在完成时。‎ This is the first time (that) I have come here.‎ 这是我第一次来这里。‎ ‎4．瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词、终止性动词。瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语；若要接表示一段时间的状语，需要做一些相应的变换。‎ He has come to Beijing since last year.(×)‎ He has lived in Beijing since last year.(√)‎ 部分非延续性动词(短语)和延续性动词(短语)之间的转换：‎ 买buy→have　　　　　　　　 借borrow→keep 结婚get married→be married 认识get to know→know 离开leave→be away 回来come back→be back 生病fall ill→be ill 死亡die→be dead 关闭turn off→be off 打开turn on→be on 动身leave for→be off to 变成become→be 返回return→be back 开始begin→be on 睡觉go to bed→sleep 穿put on→have on/wear 来/去come/go→be in/away 参加join→be a member of 感冒take/get/catch a cold→have a cold 入睡go to sleep→be asleep 到达get to/arrive in (at)/reach→be in/stay ‎(二)过去完成时 ‎1．过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即表示“过 去的过去”)。其构成是“had done”。‎ He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.‎ 他说他在国外待了三年了。‎ ‎2．表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去的另一时间，还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有：by/until/before/by the end of＋“表示过去的某一时间”。‎ By then he had learned English for 3 years.‎ 到那时，他已学了三年英语了。‎ ‎3．表示愿望、打算的词，如：hope, expect, mean, intend, want, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。‎ I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.‎ 我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿)‎ ‎4．用于某些固定句型中：‎ ‎(1)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely ... when ...和No sooner ... than ...句型中， when和than从句里用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，且用倒装，表示“刚刚……就……”。‎ Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。‎ ‎(2)It was/had been＋一段时间＋since从句。since 从句的谓语用过去完成时。‎ It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.‎ 我们有10年没这么高兴过了。‎ ‎(3)That/It/This was the first/second ... time＋that从句。that 从句的谓语要用过去完成时。‎ It was the third time (that) he had left the key at home.‎ 那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了。‎ That was the first time that I had passed the exam.‎ 那是我第一次考试及格。‎ ‎(三)将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。其构成是“will have done”。常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。‎ By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.到明年的这个时候，你们就都成为大学生了。‎ ‎ ‎ 被动语态　‎ ‎[全析考法]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎1．(2018•北京高考改编)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. ‎ 解析： had been trapped　句意：一位救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。游客被困发生在被救之前，表示过去的过去，因此要用过去完成时态的被动语态。‎ ‎2．(2018•天津高考改编)My washing machine ________ (repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ‎ 解析：is being repaired　句意：我的洗衣机这周正在被修理，因此我不得不手洗我的衣服。洗衣机正在被修理，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。‎ ‎3．(2018•江苏高考改编)I was sent to the village last month to see how the ‎ development plan ________ (carry) out in the past two years. ‎ 解析：had been carried　句意：上个月，我被派往这个村子，去看了看过去两年里这个发展计划执行得怎么样了。carry out发生在I was sent之前，所以要用过去完成时，且plan与carry out之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．(2017•全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ 解析：are removed　根据语境和主句时态可知此处用一般现在时；主语“fat and salt”与remove之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎5．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ 解析：were used　此处讲的是过去的事情，主语“Steam engines”和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎6．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ 解析：has been told/was told　句意：有人告诉过萨拉，她可能成为英国的一名新超模，下一年能挣一百万美元。根据句意可知，句子谓语应该使用现在完成时的被动语态。再由从句中的谓语动词“could be”可知，此处也可使用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎7．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.‎ 解析：was allowed　根据空格前一句的时态及allow与I之间为被动关系可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎8．(2016•四川高考)The giant panda ________ (love) by people throughout the world.‎ 解析：is loved　大熊猫为世界各地的人们所喜爱是个客观事实，故用一般现在时；panda与love之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is loved。‎ ‎9．(2016•北京高考改编)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ (reward) with success in the end.‎ 解析：will be rewarded　句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力最终将会以获得成功作为回报。根据句意和语境可知，此处应该使用一般将来时，且动词reward与主语efforts之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎10．(2016•江苏高考改编)More efforts, as reported, ______ (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform.‎ 解析：will be made　句意：据报道，为加快供给侧结构性改革，今后几年将会付出更多的努力。时间状语是in the years ahead“在今后的几年里”，故使用一般将来时；efforts与make之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ ‎11．(2015•全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.________________‎ 解析：去掉 been　studies与show之间为主动关系，应用主动语态。‎ ‎[谨记规则]‎ ‎(一)被动语态的构成(以do为例)‎ ‎ 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 am/is/‎ are done was/‎ were done will/shall be done would/‎ should be done 进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done — —‎ 完成式 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/‎ should have been done ‎(二)被动语态的基本用法 ‎1．强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。‎ New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the world.新西兰的葡萄酒品质很高，广销全世界。‎ ‎[特别注意]　(1)有些及物动词或及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：‎ have有　　　 cost花费　　　　lack缺少 own拥有 suit适合 hold抓住 fit适合 belong to属于 wish希望 suffer from遭受 take part in参加 date back to追溯到 ‎(2)不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：‎ happen/take place/occur (to)发生　　　　remain剩下 break out爆发　　　 last持续　　　　 　come out出版 come up被提出 lose heart失去信心 run out用完 ‎2．不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。‎ He is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.他被公认为早期最杰出的运河工程师之一。‎ ‎3．用在科技文献或新闻报道中。‎ Cars of this kind were made in the 1980s.‎ 这种小汽车是20世纪80年代制造的。‎ ‎(三)主动形式表示被动意义 ‎1．表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, catch, draw, cut, photograph, peel等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ The book sells well.这本书卖得很好。‎ ‎2．系动词smell, taste, feel, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ Her voice sounds beautiful.她的嗓音听起来很美妙。‎ ‎3．open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常与won't, can't, wouldn't, hardly, scarcely等 连用，及表示“开始”“结束”的动词，如：begin, start, finish, end等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ This drawer won't lock.这个抽屉锁不上。‎ ‎ ‎ 语法填空解题“3策略”‎ ‎1．掌握独特的时间状语标志 ‎(1)看到always, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等要想到用一般现在时；‎ ‎(2)看到yesterday, last night, a few days ago, the other day等要想到用一般过去时；‎ ‎(3)看到tomorrow, next year等要想到用一般将来时；‎ ‎(4)看到now, at present等要想到用现在进行时；‎ ‎(5)看到at that time, then, at six o'clock yesterday等要想到用过去进行时；‎ ‎(6)看到this time tomorrow, from 1 o'clock to 3 o'clock tomorrow等要想到用将来进行时；‎ ‎(7)看到since, so far, up to now, in the last/past few years等要想到用现在完成时；‎ ‎(8)看到by/until/before/by the end of＋“表示过去的某一时间”， 要想到用过去完成时。‎ ‎2．熟记句式，利用语境暗示 ‎(1)be doing ... when ..., 主句常用过去进行时， 从句常用一般过去时；‎ ‎(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since ...表示“自从……以来已经……”， 主句用现在完成时或一般现在时， 从句用一般过去时；‎ ‎(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句， 陈述句常用一般将来时；‎ ‎(4)有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，正确理解语境也是解决时态问题的行之有效的方法。‎ ‎3．分清主动被动，辨析语态 看到动词为及物动词， 后面缺少宾语要想到用被动语态。‎ 据第1条解题 ‎1．Last year, I was (be) lucky enough to take part in an event called “Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners”．‎ ‎2．Its success is very encouraging in today's television world where reality shows have_played (play) a leading part so far.‎ ‎3．Tom was shocked to realize that the twomonth summer vacation had_passed (pass) before he knew it.‎ ‎4．The festival traditionally begins (begin) on the first day of the first month in the Chinese calendar and ends with Lantern Festival which is on the 15th day.‎ ‎5．The styles, rules, and regulations for Chinese poetry gradually changed_ (change) over the centuries until the time of the Tang Dynasty.‎ 据第2条解题 ‎6．One day I was_reading_ (read) a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda's married name.‎ ‎7．Take the chance, or you will_regret (regret) it.‎ 据第3条解题 ‎8．The song which is_being_sung (sing) on the stage now was just written by Albert, for whom being a famous musician is his forever dream.‎ ‎9．It is_reported (report) that many people die of traffic accidents each year.‎ ‎10．According to the result of the inspection, they found that the insect contains a powerful drug, so local farmers were_employed (employ) to catch the insects.‎ ‎11．At the end of December, the library's old and classic books will_be_put (put) online too, bringing borrowers a lot of convenience.‎ ‎12．Facial recognition technology has_been_extended (extend) into many areas of school life so far.‎ 短文改错解题“2关注”‎ ‎1．关注时态——“5个根据”定时态 ‎(1)根据语篇和上下文整体把握时态；‎ ‎(2)根据时间状语判断时态；‎ ‎(3)根据并列连词连接成分的对称原则辨清时态；‎ ‎(4)根据主句谓语识别从句时态： 在复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句可根据需要用各种时态；主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态；‎ ‎(5)根据固定句式结构判断时态。‎ ‎2．关注语态——根据主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系判断语态 据第1条解题 ‎1．But a few minutes later, I refresh myself. refresh→refreshed ‎2．As long as we made our efforts, we can achieve success！made→make ‎3．Many of the students feel strongly against the rule, arguing that the mobile had become a necessary part of our life.had→has ‎4．I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. will→would 据第2条解题 ‎5．When my English teacher told me that I had chosen as a competitor, I devoted myself to the preparation.had后加been ‎6．I still remember the soup made by my grandmother was tasted so delicious that the whole family enjoyed it.去掉was ‎7．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house is rebuilt._is后加being ‎8．When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what have marked. have后加been ‎ ‎ ‎[语篇综合检测] ‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 Dong Shucheng, 49, is an inheritor (传承人) of sugar painting technique.He __1__ (learn) the art during childhood from his elders.But he didn't practice it __2__ three years ago.Because of the __3__ (fail) of his business, he went back to his roots and started visiting temple fairs and scenic areas in North China, __4__ (make) sugar paintings for a living.Usually, large temple fairs __5__ (hold) around the Spring Festival, __6__ many people visit.The sugar paintings are so popular that they sell quite well during the holiday.‎ Sugar paintings are made of __7__ (melt) brown or white sugar, with which craftsmen can paint __8__ variety of animals and flowers.However, according to Dong, sugar paintings have no manuscript (原稿)．Craftsmen have to create the whole design __9__ (mental) and finish it at ‎ one go.When the sugar cools down, a piece of sugar art is finished.Dong not only makes money by creating sugar painting, he also has __10__ (dozen) of students because he wants to pass down the handicraft.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了糖画传承人董书城所传承的糖画技艺。‎ ‎1．learned/learnt　考查动词的时态。根据本句的时间状语during childhood “在童年时期”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以需用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．until　考查状语从句。not ...until ...“直到……才”，是固定用法。‎ ‎3．failure　考查词性转换。定冠词the后面需用名词形式。故填failure。‎ ‎4．making　考查非谓语动词。空处所填词为非谓语动词，与主语he之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。故填making。‎ ‎5．are held　考查动词的时态和语态。主语temple fairs “庙会”与谓语hold之间是被动关系，所以需用被动语态；又因本句中的“Usually”表示的是一种经常性的动作，需用一般现在时。故填are held。‎ ‎6．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词为temple fairs，作visit的宾语，故用which引导。‎ ‎7．melted　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词sugar，表示“已经融化了的红糖或白糖”。故填melted。‎ ‎8．a　考查冠词。a variety of “大量，许多”，是固定搭配。故填a。‎ ‎9．mentally　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词create，所以用副词mentally。‎ ‎10．dozens　考查名词复数。dozens of “许多的”，是固定搭配。故填dozens。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I came back from Britain last week. He was lucky enough to be one of the students from different country to visit the UK from February 16 to 28. We paid a visit to a good many of places, like London, Oxford or the Lake District. I learned much about British culture and history in London, that was my favorite. I also liked Oxford, where I saw much old buildings. The Lake District was beautiful, but it was pity that it was raining heavy when we were there. The most excited thing for me in Britain was that I make a lot of friends there.‎ 答案：第二句：He→I; country→countries 第三句：去掉of; or→and 第四句：that→which 第五句：much→many 第六句：pity前加a; heavy→heavily 第七句：excited→exciting; make→made