【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式学案

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式学案 ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎[思维导图]‎ Ⅰ.强调 一、强调句型 ‎1．强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。‎ ‎(1)引导词的运用：当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。‎ It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.‎ 只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。‎ ‎(2)时态的运用：强调句中be的时态要依据原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中的be就用was；原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中用is。有时还可用It might be/must have been/can’t be...that/who...等句式。‎ It is Jack who loves football most in our class.‎ 我们班最喜爱足球的人是杰克。‎ It must have been Eda who phoned yesterday.‎ 昨天一定是伊达打来的电话。‎ ‎(3)人称和数的运用：‎ 强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。‎ It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.‎ 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。‎ ‎(4)对not...until...句式的强调：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。‎ It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.‎ 直到他到家三十分钟后才发现他把包落在了出租车上。‎ ‎2．强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？‎ Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?‎ 他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？‎ ‎3．强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？‎ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?‎ 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？‎ ‎[名师指津] 由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。‎ She doesn’t know who it was that saved her son.‎ 她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。‎ 二、强调谓语动词 助动词do，does或did用来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。‎ She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.‎ 她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。‎ Ⅱ.省略 一、状语从句中的省略 ‎　在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。‎ All the photographs in this book，unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.‎ 这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。‎ 二、动词不定式的省略 ‎　在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。‎ The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.‎ 那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。‎ 三、so/not构成替代省略 ‎　英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I’m afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中。‎ ‎—Do you think it will rain?‎ ‎—I hope so/not.‎ ‎——你认为会下雨吗？‎ ‎——我希望下/不下。‎ 四、常用的省略结构 if ever 　如果有过的话 if busy 如果忙的话 if anything 如果有什么不同 if possible 如果可能的话 if so 如果那样的话 if not 如果不的话 if necessary 如果必要的话 Ⅲ.倒装 一、部分倒装 ‎1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，not until，nowhere，neither...nor...等。‎ Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.‎ 直到失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。‎ ‎2．“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.‎ 只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。‎ ‎3．so/such...that...结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Such great progress did he make that he was praised.‎ 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。‎ ‎4．表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。‎ I saw the film Wolf Warriors Ⅱ last week; so did she.‎ 上周我看了《战狼2》这部电影，她也看了。‎ ‎5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。‎ Strange as it may sound，if you’re unsatisfied，the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires.‎ 尽管这听起来很奇怪，但是如果你不满意，问题不是缺少满足你的欲望的方法，而是你根本就没有欲望。‎ ‎6. “may＋动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。‎ May you succeed.祝你成功。‎ 二、全部倒装 ‎1．here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，away，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。‎ John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.‎ 约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。‎ South of the river lies a small factory.‎ 河的南面有一个小工厂。‎ ‎2．有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。‎ Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.‎ 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．China’s approach to protecting its environment while________(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　feeding　[考查省略。when/while ＋ 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when/while 引导的时间状语从句。]‎ ‎2．Next door to ours live (live) a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.‎ ‎3．Absurd as/though it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.‎ ‎4．On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.‎ ‎5．Professor Salovery，who invented (invent) the term EQ，gives the following description: At work，it is IQ that__ gets you promoted.(2019·温州中学模拟)‎ ‎6．But the fighting scenes alone don’t explain the movie’s success—it’s also the patriotism(爱国主义)and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.(2019·桐乡高级中学模拟)‎ ‎7．This technology did not spread to Europe until the 19th century，and it was by using the technology that the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.(2019·宁波中学模拟)‎ ‎8．The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant.‎ ‎9．—Who should be responsible for the action? ‎ ‎—The boss is to blame.The employees just carried out the order as told (tell)．‎ ‎10．When exposed (expose) to danger and conflict，men tend to increase blood pressure，feeling nervous or anxious.‎ ‎11.The city now is much noisier than it used to__be(be)．‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．Not until we lose health do__we__know__its__value．‎ 直到失去了健康我们才知道它的价值。‎ ‎2．Only__when__you__realize__the__importance__of__English__can you put your heart into it.‎ 只有你认识到英语的重要性，你才能全身心投入其中。‎ ‎3．It’s__our__parents__who/that have devoted their unconditional love to us，which indeed deserves our appreciation and reward.‎ 是我们的父母给了我们无条件的爱，这确实值得我们感激和报答。‎ ‎4．Not only can__students__improve__their__writing__ability in this way but also they can strengthen their self－confidence.‎ 以这种方式，学生们不仅能提高他们的写作能力，而且还能增强自信心。‎ ‎5．So__much__homework__do__we__have to do every day that we have little time to have a rest.‎ 每天我们不得不做如此多的作业，以至于我们几乎连休息的时间都没有。‎ ‎6．It__is__your__efforts,__not__your__intelligence__that determine your success.‎ 是你的努力，而不是你的智力决定你的成功。‎ ‎7．The parents didn’t tolerate their kids rudeness at the party，nor did__they__allow themselves to be disobeyed.‎ 父母们不允许他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许自己的命令不被服从。‎ ‎8．Only by watching how each raindrop comes down in a stream can__you__understand how it takes many small accomplishments to realize a dream.‎ 只有认真观察每个雨滴是怎样汇成小溪的，你才能理解如何用许多小的成就实现梦想。‎ ‎9．How long do you plan to stay with this company if__hired?‎ 如果被录用的话，你计划在这家公司待多久呢？‎ ‎10．It__was__only__the__three__who__got hurt.‎ 受伤的就只有这三个。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2019·温州模拟)Seborga(塞波加)is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s，claiming it was never 1.________ (proper) incorporated(合并) into Italy.2.________ (it) founders，argued that the deal was not really registered.They claimed that it could therefore not 3.________(consider) part of the nation.‎ The principality’s (公国) founder was a flower grower 4.________ (call) Giorgio Carbone，who ruled until his death in 2009.Its independence is not recognised outside 5.________ village but Mr.Dezzani，a campaigner(竞选者) for the throne，says it is important that they themselves believe 6.________it，describing it as “a state of mind”．‎ This unusual story，7.________ was the subject of a televised documentary，has attracted tourism to the region.Its current ruler，MarcelloⅠ，appears publicly 8.________ (wear) a suit but Mr.Dezzani wants to introduce ceremonial uniform.‎ Mr.Dezzani added: “Without being too pretentious or 9.________ (show) about it，I think we can promote the 10.________ (value) of peace，tolerance and openness.”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文介绍了塞波加，一个于1960年宣布独立的小村子。这个公国的统治者卡伯恩直到2009年才去世，现在的统治者是马塞洛一世。‎ ‎1．properly　[考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词形式。]‎ ‎2．Its　[此处作定语，修饰founders，故应用形容词性物主代词。]‎ ‎3．be considered　[考查被动语态。it是consider的承受者，故应使用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”，故应填be considered。]‎ ‎4．called　[考查非谓语动词。flower grower与call之间为被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。]‎ ‎5．the　[考查冠词。此处特指塞波加，因此用定冠词the。 ]‎ ‎6．in　[考查介词。believe in信任。]‎ ‎7．which　‎ ‎[考查定语从句。先行词为story，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故应使用关系代词which。]‎ ‎8．wearing　[考查非谓语动词。MarcelloⅠ与wear之间为主动关系，故用现在分词短语作方式状语。]‎ ‎9．showy　[考查词性转换。此处与pretentious并列作表语，故应使用形容词。be showy about对……炫耀。]‎