【英语】2018届二轮复习动词在短文语法填空中的考查策略运用学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习动词在短文语法填空中的考查策略运用学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 动词在短文语法填空中的考查策略运用 高考新题型---语法填空动词为例 ‎1.Observe the following sentences and draw a conclusion.‎ ‎1.If I ___________ (see) it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. (2015北京)‎ ‎2.Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_________ (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015重庆)‎ ‎3.I wasn't able to hide my eagerness when I ________(ask）,"What do you wish me to do now?"(2015湖南)‎ ‎4.It is reported that a space station _______(build) on the moon in years to come.（2015安徽）‎ ‎5.Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ______(leave)my bank in the cafe.（2015安徽）‎ ‎6.I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but _____(hold) back thankfully by the shop window.（2015湖南）‎ ‎7.As you go through this book, you ________ (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.(2015湖南)‎ ‎8.He must have sensed that I ________(look)at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?"(2015湖南)‎ 答案：1.hadn’t seen 2.wouldn’t have written 3.asked4.will be built5. had left6.was held 7.will find 8. looking 谓语动词解题策略:‎ 括号内给出动词的原形，做题时首先找出句子的主干, 确定主句，如果缺谓语，就要根据上下文语境和意思确定动词的_______、________、________、_______。‎ ‎2.Practice a humorous story in pairs to help you strengthen your comprehension.‎ M: I don’t know why John (1) ________ (come) for the dinner.‎ W: You’d better call him or we have nobody to pay for the dinner.‎ M: Right, he (2) ________ (pay) for the dinner if he (3) ________ (be) here.‎ W: I will be very happy if he (4) ________ (come).‎ M: Ok, wait a while. I (5) ________ (call) him.‎ W: What did he say? ‎ M: He said he was in hospital.‎ W: Hospital? What (6) ________ (happen)?‎ M: He said he (7) ________ (beat) by someone this morning.‎ W: How could it be possible? I (8) _______(hear) he had been learning martial arts. ‎ M: Please listen to what I (9) ________ (go) to say.‎ W: OK.‎ M: He told me he (10) ________ (hold) a wire pole.‎ W: Why did he do that?‎ M: He said he was taking little pebbles out from his shoes. Then, a passerby ‎ ‎ (11) ________ (beat) him with a stick.‎ W: Why?‎ M: The passerby thought he (12) ________ (get) an electronic shock. ‎ ‎1.didn’t come ‎ ‎3. Observe and complete the following sentences. (Non-finite verbs) ‎ ‎1.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave.(2015湖南)‎ ‎2.The park was full of people,_______(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.(2015北京)‎ ‎3.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_______ (use) the sun and the stars.(2015重庆)‎ ‎4.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______(combine) the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".(2015福建)‎ ‎5.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother _______(take) good care of at home.(2015陕西)‎ ‎6._________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽)‎ ‎7.Much time_________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015江苏)‎ ‎8.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ (leave) in the wrong hands.（2015湖南）‎ 答案：1.wondering 2.enjoying 3.using 4.combining 5.taken6.Ignoring7. Spent 8.left 非谓语动词解题策略:‎ 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。‎ 若是非谓语动词就要确定用_______、_______、_______(注意各种形式)‎ ‎4.Observe the sentences below and fill in the blanks. (Word formation) ‎ ‎1. Last week I wrote a letter to the chief ________ (edit) of China Daily.‎ ‎2. What is your ____________ (impress) of the Bird’s Nest? Is it wonderful?‎ ‎3. As far as I am concerned, my ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook. ‎ ‎4.She was _____________（surprise）helpful. ‎ ‎5. But a smiling face here and an ________ (encourage) nod there soon put me at ease.‎ ‎6.Curious and__________ (excite), we walked around the station and looked everywhere, searching for any information in English.‎ ‎7.At first, I was afraid that my English was so poor and _________ (limit) that I couldn’t follow them or make myself understood.‎ 答案：1.editor 2.impression 3.suggestion 4.surorisingly 5.encouraging 6.excited 7.limited ‎ 动词词类转换情况:‎ 所给动词如果既不充当谓语，也不充当非谓语，读懂语境，判断横线所需_____和_______，然后用适当形式填空。‎ Tip:解题四步走：‎ ‎1.通读全文,理解大意2.分析句子,确定词性 ‎3.根据语义, 确定词形4.重读检查, 前后连贯 Tip:解题四步口诀：‎ 一步来把全文看,把握主逻辑线；‎ 二步开始做答案，容易做的先做完；‎ 难题放在第三步，上下文里找答案；‎ 四步复读很关键，保证全文意连贯。‎ Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them (1)_______(sit) side by side at the piano. They played jazz music (2)_____________(celebrate) their new home. ‎ ‎ The next morning, however, their happiness disappeared. Someone(3) ____(leave) a note under their door during the night. One of their neighbor had written to complain about the sound of the piano. Dario’s mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it. But he said that he couldn’t imagine any of (4)_____ (they) had done that. Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing (5)_________(sincere).“What if we invited them to come here for a party instead?” Dario asked. They both loved the idea . Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts for their guests. ‎ Finally, the day of the party arrived. Some guests brought (6)________(present). Others brought flowers. Some even brought desserts to share. One woman, Mrs. Gilbert, presented Dario’s mother with a book of piano music by Chopin. “I heard you (7)________(play) the other night,” she said. “The sounds woke me out of bed. So I wrote a short note. I hope you don’t think I disliked the playing.”……‎ ‎ (Adapted from the cloze test of 2015 NMET-北京)‎ 答案：‎ ‎1.sat 2.to celebrate3.had left4.them 5. Sincerely 6.presents 7.playing Tip:考点设计要求请参照2015全国卷题型考点设置。‎ ‎ One year ago, I had a special English lesson _____(hold) at the railway station. It was quite different from the regular English classes we were familiar_____ , for we had no _______(textbook), no blackboard and no_______(fix) seats.‎ ‎ _________(gather) at the entrance of the station, we were told to collect as many English words and sentences as possible. Curious and excited, we_______(walk) around the station and looked everywhere, searching ________ any information in English. Whenever an English word came into sight, the class would burst into______ (cheer) as if we had discovered a new world. With the Chinese _______(translate) and vivid pictures, we could figure out______ (it) meaning easily. ‎ 答案：1.held2. with3. Fixed4. textbooks 5. Gathering 6. walked 7. for8. Cheers9. Translation10. its 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 一般现在时often, always, usually, sometimes, on Sunday, every …, at weekends, once in a while, three times a day…‎ 一般过去时yesterday, last…, the day before yesterday, …ago, in 2000, in the past, the other day, just now, once upon a time,… ‎ 一般将来时tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in 2020, in a few years, in future, in the future, soon, next…, another day, …‎ 现在进行时(right) now, at this moment, at present, for the time being, this year, always, …‎ 过去进行时at 10 last night, then, this morning, at that time/ moment, this time yesterday, last year, always, …‎ 将来进行时at 10 tomorrow, then, this time tomorrow, next year, …‎ 现在完成时for, since, so far, in/over/during the past/ last few years, lately, recently, just, up to now, up till now, already, yet, ever, never, twice, three times, before, …‎ 过去完成时by+过去时间，by then, by the end of + 过去时间，by the time you did sth,…..‎ 将来完成时by +将来时间, by then, by the end of + 将来时间, by the time you do sth, …‎ 现在完成进行时all the time, all this morning, for, since, in the past few years, …‎ 时态定义：‎ 一般现在时表示：‎ ‎1. 经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。He seldom asks me for advice.‎ There are regular flights between the two cities. ‎ ‎2. 主语现在的特征、性格和状态。China is a developing country which belongs to the third world.‎ ‎3. 客观真理。All the living things on the earth depend on the sun.‎ ‎4. 一般现在时表示按安排或计划要做的动作（有具体的时间状语）。限于come, go, leave, begin, start, end, open, close, return, arrive, take off, stop, depart等。‎ ‎1)The next train _________(leave) at 3 o’clock this afternoon. ‎ ‎2)The film _________(start) at seven o’clock and _________(end) at nine o’clock this evening. ‎ ‎3)The plane _________(take) off at 8:00a.m.. It is 7:10a.m. now. We must hurry up.‎ ‎1).leaves2)starts,ends3)takes 写作句型：1)随着…而来的是… 倒装句Along with…, there come(s) …‎ Along with the physical changes, there come some psychological changes.‎ ‎2)make sure (that) 后面的宾语从句中用一般现在时态。‎ Make sure that all the windows ____________ (close) before you leave the room.(are closed)‎ 现在进行时的用法：‎ 表现在正在进行（说话的瞬间）的动作。Look! It is raining cats and dogs now.‎ ‎2. 表当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。‎ I am writing a novel these days.‎ ‎3. 表示说话人对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶，常与always, constantly 等连用。‎ The children are always making trouble.‎ ‎4. 表示按计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, sleep, stay, do, leave, wear, work等表移动、方向的动词。‎ His money is running out.‎ ‎1)省略句：时间、条件、让步状语从句中如果是现在进行时态，引导词后可省略主语和be动词，直接用v-ing的形式。‎ We must look around when _________(cross) the road. (we are )crossing Take care while ________(ride) a bicycle. (you are) riding ‎2)倒装句：现在进行时态的句子，可以把doing表语提到句首，用全部倒装。Doing+ be+主语。_____________________________________(参加会议的有700学生) from Peking University. ‎ ‎______________________________(一幅画挂在墙上) by Qi Baishi.‎ Attending the meeting are 700 students/Hanging on the wall is a painting 现在完成时态的用法：‎ ‎1. 到现在为止已经完成的动作。I have seen the film already.‎ ‎2.过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响。I have had lunch. I am not hungry.‎ ‎3. 过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常和表示包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。He has lived here since 10 years ago.‎ ‎4. 表反复或习惯性的动作，常与…times 连用。He has been to London three times.‎ ‎1)----_____you______(have)lunchyet? -- Yes. I _______(have) lunch at home. ‎ Have,had;had到现在为止是否已经吃饭了，强调结果，用现在完成时。回答时表具体在哪里吃的，表过去的动作，用一般过去时。‎ ‎2) 在“最高级+名词” 之后跟定语从句，从句用现在完成时。‎ It is the most instructive lecture that I ________________ (ever, attend) .‎ This is the first time that I _____________ (visit) your country.‎ It / This is the first/second/ last… time that 从句中用现在完成时。 It / This was the first/second/last…time that从句中用过去完成时。‎ ‎3) The book, which became the best-seller, was written by Arthur’s wife, Joan, whom he ________ has been married_to__________ (marry) for 52 years.‎ marry 是终止性动词，不可与延续性状语for, since 等连用，需把终止性动词变成可延续的动词形式be married to 。其它词有：die---be dead come---be here; leave—be away;begin—be on;join---be in; become—be;borrow—keep; buy---have ; get in touch with---be in touch;fall in love with---be in love with ‎ 现在完成进行时的用法：‎ ‎1. 表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，甚至会延续到将来（强调延续）。‎ She is very tired. She has been typing letters all day.‎ ‎2. 到现在为止的一段时间里一再反复发生的动作。‎ All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.‎ 一般过去时的用法：‎ ‎1.表过去发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用。‎ The Great Wall came into being in 221 BC.‎ ‎2.表过去一段时间里经常或反复发生的行为。used to do和 would do也表这意思。‎ When in Shanghai, I often went to school by bus.‎ ‎3. 表过去先后发生的一连串的动作。前若干动作后用逗号隔开，最后两个之间用and连接。‎ He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled with satisfaction.‎ ‎4. 在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。‎ He said he would call us as soon as he arrived home.‎ 过去进行时的用法： ‎ ‎1. 过去每一时刻正在进行的动作，除有上下文暗示外，一般和时间状语连用。‎ The first time I saw her , she was standing in his study.‎ ‎2. 过去某一时间段正在进行的动作。‎ He was writing a novel last year, but I don’t know if he has finished it.‎ ‎3. 与always或constantly连用，表示说话人过去对主语的行为表赞叹或厌恶等。‎ He was constantly leaving things here and there at that time.‎ ‎4. 表过去将要发生的动作，一般限于表移动，方向的动词。‎ He said he was coming to see you the next month.‎ ‎5. 某些表心理活动的词，用于过去进行时， 表示委婉、客气，而不表过去。‎ I was wondering if I could ask you a question?‎ ‎6. 描述一件事情发生的背景。‎ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.‎ 过去完成时 ‎1. 表在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态，表“过去的过去”。这个时间可用短语或从句表示，也可上下文加以衬托。‎ He had worked there for 10 years before he reached Canada. By the end of last year, the power plant had been completed.‎ ‎2. 用在主句是过去时的间接引语和宾语从句中，表 示已经完成的动作。‎ He told me he had made much progress ‎3. 表过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用的动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend等 ‎ We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.‎ ‎1)虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的假设，if从句用过去完成时。‎ If you _______(win) the first place in the last exam, you ______(get) the iPad as a gift from your father. But you didn’t. had won; would have got ‎2)Wish, if only, would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气用过去完成时表与过去事实相反的假设。How I wish I _____________(take) your advice last time. If only you ____________(donate) more money yesterday. I’d rather you ___________(tell) him the truth when you saw him last time.‎ Had taken/donated/told 过去将来时的用法：‎ 表示在过去的某一时刻看来将要发生的事，常常用于主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中。‎ He told me that he would take an important exam the next week.‎ The time was not far off when he would regret this decision.‎ 过去将来时的其它表示：‎ Last Friday we decided we were going to the Great Wall.‎ It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the Yangtze River.‎ He didn’t know when you were coming.‎ He was about to dive when he saw a shark.‎ She was on the point of leaving when I arrived If a man _____ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. ‎ ‎ A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should B.此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。‎ ‎ --- You’ve left the light on.‎ ‎ --- Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off. ‎ ‎ A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m going A. Will do 表临时做出的决定。‎ ‎---Look! The lights in the room are still on. You must have forgotten to turn them off. ‎ ‎ --- Sorry, I_____ to turn them off now. ‎ A. will go B. am going C. am to go D. have gone will do 通常指纯粹的将来或事先未计划好的，临时性的决定。 be going to 表事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。侧重于说话者个人意图或打算。也表某种客观迹象预示即将会发生。 be to 表按计划、安排将要发生的动作，侧重于受别人的指示或安排。表由于客观因素或不受人的控制将要发生的动作，只用be going to，不用be to It is going to rain. 客观迹象 Am I to finish the work on my own? 别人安排 ‎ I am going to try my best to helpher. 个人意图 ‎ be to do sth. 的几种用法：‎ A tall building is to be built in this area. （按计划安排）打算、将要做 Nobody is to leave the room without my permission. (按命令、指示、约定、要求等) 必须，必要，应该做 Troubles never come singly. The worst is still to come. 表后来命运注定会发生 If you are to pass the exam, you will have to study harder from now on. (用于条件句) 想，想要做 主动表被动 The book ______ (sell) well. By today 50,000 copies _______________(sell) out. sells well 强调主语的特性，主动表被动。第二个 sell强调被卖掉的动作。Have been sold ‎ ‎1. 某些“不及物动词+副词(easily, well, smoothly, quickly, badly等)” ,说明主语的特性。动词有lock, open, close, sell, bend, print, cut, wash, read, write, wear, tear, cook等。易撕 tear easily 书写流畅write smoothly易洗 wash easily好读read smoothly熟得快 cook quickly打印质量差print badly易弯曲 bend easily ‎ 2. 系动词look, sound, taste, smell, feel, prove, remain, seem等无被动语态，作定语，用doing ‎3. Sth. is +adj. + to do. ‎ ‎ I find/ think/ make/ feel sth. + adj. + to do. to do是主动表被动 The novel is interesting __________(read). to read ‎ We find the box heavy __________(carry). to carry ‎ 4. 某些与won’t, wouldn’t 连用的不及物动词如lock, open, close, move, print, shut等， 用主动表被动。The car________(开不动了). The door of the classroom ___________ (锁不上). Won’t open/wouldn’t lock ‎5.have sth. to do; There is sth. to do.; with sth. to do. 有要做 ‎ ‎ I have a letter ___to type______(type), so I can’t go with you. With a lot of problems _____to solve____ (solve), I am at a loss now.‎ ‎ 比较：He asked me if I had anything ____to be typed_______ (type). type 的逻辑主语不是I，用have sth. to be done ‎6. sb. is to blame (for sth.). 该怪…，…该负责任 It is I that __am to blame_________ (blame) for the incident.‎ ‎7. sth. is (well) worth doing. 很值得(被)… deserve doing …值得被…，…应该受到…‎ The question is well worth ___discussing______ (discuss). The naughty boy deserves ____criticizing______(criticize). ‎ ‎ 8. sth. needs / wants / requires doing/to be done. 需要被…‎ ‎ 9. Sth. is too… to do . 太…而不能… Sth. is …enough to do. 足够…去… ‎ ‎ The car is too old __to drive________(drive).‎ ‎ ‎ 典题测试 ‎1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ___(call) the Pacific, and we met no storms.‎ ‎2. I _____ (play)ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.‎ ‎3.I don’t know when he ____（come）, but when he ____(come), I will let you know. ‎ ‎4. The film, ____________(start) at seven o’clock, attracted many young people.‎ ‎5. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____(phone) to ask how I am going to spend the money.‎ ‎6. . Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ (change)so rapidly. ‎ ‎7. I_____ （phone）my sister three times today but her line was always busy. ‎ ‎8. Though we don’t know what was discussed, but we can feel the topic _____(change). ‎ ‎9. That man can’t be Green; he _____(go) to the USA. 10. We will set off at once if the rain ____________ (stop).‎ ‎11.You’d better not give up this job until you ___________ (find) a better one. ‎ ‎12.- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-- I am tired. I ____(paint) the living room all day. ‎ ‎13. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy______(consider) going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.‎ ‎13. --- Nancy is not coming tonight.--- But she _____(promise)! ‎ ‎14. My uncle _____(marry) until he was forty-five. ‎ ‎15. What a nice house! I _____(never, think) that one day I _______( live) in such a beautiful house.‎ ‎16.---Alice, here is your car key, in the drawer. ---- Thank you. I ________(not, realize) that I _____________(leave) it here.‎ ‎17. Alice _____(work) in America for 10 years, but she never regrets she has come back to China. ‎ ‎18. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)____(be) the world leading inventor for 60 years. ‎ ‎19.It was not long before they _________(occupy) the city center It was not long since they __________ (occupy) the city center. ‎ ‎20.As she was reading the newspaper, Granny ____(fall)asleep. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎21---- Please repeat what I said just now. ---- Sorry, I _____(not listen). ‎ ‎22. He __________(write)a novel last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.‎ ‎23. The little girl cried her heart out because she ____(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasn’t ever going to find it.‎ ‎24. — Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.‎ ‎ — Oh! I thought they _____(go) without me. ‎ ‎25. Twenty years ago nobody could predict he _____(become) such a famous scientist. ‎ ‎26. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune was____(make). ‎ ‎27.I want to taste the food _______(smell) delicious. The method __________(already, prove) practical.‎ 答案及难点解析：‎ ‎1.is called ‎ ‎2.play ‎ ‎3.will come, comes第一个when引导宾语从句，从句表将来用一般将来时态。第二个when引导时间状语从句，只能用一般现在时态表将来。还有条件、让步状语从句也如此。这时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，“主将从现”。‎ However much advice you give him ), he will do exactly what he wants.‎ ‎ Take an umbrella in case it rains.‎ 4. Starting 5. are phoning ‎ 6. is changing 7. have phoned 8. has been changed 9. has gone 10. has stopped 11. have found(10/11用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成)‎ 12. have been painting 13. Has been considering 14. promised15.didn’t marry15.never thought,would live ‎ 15. didn’t realize, had left 16. Worked 4. Was 5. occupied,had occupied 6. Fell 7. wasn’t listening在隐含过去进行时，表示“当时正在做某事”时，可以在后面加上when从句when you said it . 理解。‎ 8. was writing 9. had lost 10. had gone 11. would become 12. to be made过去的一个发现使得人们相信将来可以发财，是过去将来。‎ ‎27.tasting, has already proved ‎