冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密04介词（短语）和动词短语

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密04介词（短语）和动词短语

考点详解 ‎【命题趋势】‎ ‎ 1. 高考对介词（短语）及动词短语中介词和副词的考查会呈现复杂化、综合化。‎ ‎ 2. 语法填空对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。‎ ‎ 3. 语法填空对动词短语的考查可能会给出动词，设空处让考生填出与之搭配的介词或副词。‎ ‎【名师指导】‎ ‎ 介词（短语）和动词短语解题技巧：‎ ‎1. 分析具体语境，注意介词含义 ‎ 常常设置语境考查介词，要仔细分析，正确理解，弄清命题意图，填出正确答案。‎ ‎2. 积累介词用法，注意一词多义 ‎ 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，其搭配灵活，意义丰富，为高考命题提供了广阔的空间。一个介词有多种不同的用法，一个意思又可以用不同的介词表达。在平时学习时，要注意整理、积累，逐一学会每个介词的主要用法，弄清易混介词用法的异同，根据语境灵活选用介词。‎ ‎3. 体会英语本义，注意固定搭配 ‎ 复习时，要系统复习同一介词与不同动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的短语意义。英语中一些介词的搭配是固定的，选择时要从英语本义上考虑，不能看其汉语表面意思。‎ ‎4. 分类归纳短语，构建知识网络 ‎ 动词短语题主要考查考生对英语中动词词组的识记和运用能力。在备考过程中要注意对动词词组进行归纳、比较。做题时，一方面要揣测命题人的意图，分析句子结构，正确理解句子的意思；另一方面要掌握动词词组的不同意思，并且能区别相似词组的意思，从而填出答案。‎ 考向1 介词 一、 表示“时间”的介词 ‎1. at, on, in　　‎ ‎(1) at表示“在某一时刻，某一时点”。如：‎ ‎ ☞I get up at 6:00 every day. 我每天6点起床。‎ 注：at daybreak在黎明 at noon在中午 ‎ at night在夜间 at Christmas在圣诞节期间 ‎ at the age of five在五岁时 ‎(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如：‎ ‎ ☞I heard a shot on (the morning of )  March 18. 三月十八日(早晨) 我听到一声枪响。‎ ‎ ☞We don’t have classes on Sunday. 星期天我们不上课。‎ ‎(3) in表示“在某世纪、年、季度、月、周”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。如：‎ ‎ in the 20th century在20世纪 in 1999在1999年 ‎ in winter在冬季 in September在九月 ‎ in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上 ‎【巧学妙记】‎ ‎ at用在时刻前，亦与正午、午夜连，黎明、终止和开端，at与之紧接着相伴。 ‎ ‎ 周月季年长时间，in须放在其前面， 泛指一晌和傍晚，也要放在in后边。 ‎ ‎ on指特定某一天，日期、星期和节日前 某天上下和夜晚，依然要在on后站。 ‎ ‎ 今明昨天前后天，上下这那每之前，at、in、on都不用，此乃习惯记心间。‎ ‎ 注：“上下这那每之前”是指“last/next/this/that/every”之前。‎ ‎2. for, during, through ‎(1) for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用。如：‎ ‎ ☞She has been ill for several days. 她已经病了几天了。‎ ‎(2) during表示“在……期间”。如：‎ ‎ ☞I went to France for two weeks during the summer. 夏天我去了法国两个星期。‎ ‎(3) through表示“一直……，自始至终”。如：‎ ‎ ☞They worked hard through the winter. 整个冬天他们都在努力工作。‎ ‎3. from, since ‎(1) from表示“时间的起点”，可译作“从……”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。如：‎ ‎ ☞You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. 周一至周五你什么时间来都行。‎ ‎(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”。如：‎ ‎ ☞We have known each other since ten years ago. 我们十年前就认识了。‎ 注意：‎ ‎ for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点。如:‎ ‎ for two hours（持续）两小时 since last week从上周直到现在 ‎4. before, by, till, until ‎(1) before指“在……之前”，与after相对。如：‎ ‎ ☞Please come before ten o’clock. 请10点以前来。‎ ‎(2) by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”。如：‎ ‎ ☞We had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.‎ ‎  到上学期末为止，我们已经学了1000多个单词了。‎ ‎ ☞We will have learned 2000 English words by the end of this term. ‎ ‎ 到本学期结束前，我们将学了两千英语单词了。‎ 注：by后接过去时间，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间，常与将来完成时连用。‎ ‎(3) till (until)  “直到……为止”。 在肯定句中，till/until必须与延续动词连用；在否定句中，till/until常与非 ‎ 延续性动词连用。如 ‎ ☞I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock. 直到12点我才睡。‎ ‎ ☞You must wait for him till tomorrow. 你必须一直等到他明天。‎ ‎① September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill.‎ ‎ 【答案】by ‎ ‎ ‎② He called the two young men to him ________ dawn, when others were sound asleep.‎ ‎ 【答案】before ‎ 【解析】语境说其他人还在酣睡，因此填介词before,表示“在拂晓前”。‎ ‎5. after, in, within ‎(1) in和after都可表示“在……之后”，但用法不同：‎ a. 用in时要具备两个条件：用于将来时；后接时间段 ‎ ☞I’ll arrive in an hour. 我一小时后到达。‎ b. after既可用于将来时，也可用于过去时 ‎ ☞He got a cancer and died after a year. 他患了癌症，一年后去世了。‎ ‎ ☞The meeting will end after 3:00pm. 会议将在下午三点后结束。‎ ‎(2) within“在……时间之内”。强调事情发生的全过程不超出某一时间，没有时态的限制。如：‎ ‎ ☞I can finish it within an hour. 我不需一小时就可把它做完。‎ ‎(2014·北京)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _______ half an hour. ‎ ‎【答案】in ‎【解析】表示某段时间后将发生的某事。‎ 二、 表示“地点、方位”的介词 ‎1. at, on, to, in ‎ at表示在小地方; 在……附近，旁边 ‎ in 表示 在大地方; 在……围之内 ‎ on 表示毗邻，接壤 ‎ ‎ to 表示在„„范围外，不强调是否接壤 ‎ ‎ ☞He arrived at the station at ten. ‎ ‎ ☞He is sitting at the desk. ‎ ‎ ☞He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. ‎ ‎ ☞Jiangsu lies in the east of China.‎ ‎ ☞Russia live on the north of China. ‎ ‎ ☞Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province. ‎ ‎2. above, over, on ‎ ‎ above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； ‎ ‎ over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触； ‎ ‎ on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 ‎ ‎ ☞The bird is flying above my head. ‎ ‎ ☞There is a bridge over the river. ‎ ‎ ☞He put his watch on the desk. ‎ ‎3. along, through, across ‎(1) across 和 through 都可表示“横过”或“穿过”，前者主要表示从某物的表面“横过”，涉及“面”的概念；而后者则表示从某个空间“穿过”，涉及“体”的概念。如：‎ ‎ ☞He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地走过马路。‎ ‎ ☞He walked through the forest alone. 他独自一人走过森林。‎ 有时 across 表示“横过”也可在“体”内进行，但此时它仍与through 有差别：前者表示从某个“体”的一端到另一端，而后者表示穿过两端。如：‎ ‎ ☞He walked across the hall. 他从大厅的一端走到另一端。‎ ‎ ☞He walked through the hall. 他穿过大厅。‎ ‎(2)along 表示“沿着”，通常用于狭长的东西。如：‎ ‎ ☞I saw him running along the road. 我看见他沿着这条路跑。‎ The Great Wall winds its way ____high mountains, ___ deep valleys and ___ great deserts.‎ ‎ A. on, across, through B. over, through, through ‎ C. over, through, across D. on, in, across ‎【答案】C ‎4. between, among ‎ between一般指“两者之间”‎ ‎ among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之中，或笼统的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中间”。如： ‎ ‎ ☞Between the door and the windows there is a map. 门和窗户的中间有一张地图。‎ ‎ ☞They hid themselves among the trees. 他们躲在树林中。‎ You have to stop eating ______ meals if you want to lose weight.‎ ‎ A. among B. within ‎ ‎ C. between D. from ‎【答案】C 三、其他介词 ‎1. 表示“工具或手段”的介词 by, with, on ‎（1）by用某种方式,多用于交通。‎ ‎ by bus乘公共汽车,‎ ‎ by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。‎ 注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用by时不用冠词,用in时要用冠词。请比较:‎ ‎ ☞I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。‎ ‎（2）with表示“用某种工具”。如:‎ ‎ ☞He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。‎ 注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。‎ ‎（3）on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组。‎ ‎ ☞They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。‎ ‎ ☞She learns English on the radio/on tv. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。‎ ‎（2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ）For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.‎ ‎【答案】by ‎ ‎【解析】by car意思是“乘坐汽车”，表示交通方式。‎ ‎2. 表示关于的介词 of, about, on ‎(1) of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如: ‎ ‎ ☞He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。‎ ‎(2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如:‎ ‎ ☞Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?‎ ‎(3)on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如:‎ ‎ ☞It’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。‎ ‎3. 表原因或理由的介词for, at, from, of, with, by, because of ‎(1)for表示原因,常与sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame等词连用。如:‎ ‎ ☞I am sorry for what i said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。‎ ‎(2)at指情感变化的原因,意为“因听到或看到而……”。如:‎ ‎ ☞He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。‎ ‎(3)from指“外在的原因”,如受伤、车祸等。如:‎ ‎ ☞He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。‎ ‎(4) of指“内在的原因”,如病、饿等。如:‎ ‎ ☞The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。‎ ‎(5) with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如:‎ ‎ ☞Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息,欣喜若狂。‎ ‎(6)by表示外部的,尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。‎ ‎ ☞Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。‎ ‎ ☞She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。‎ ‎(7)because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如:‎ ‎ ☞He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.‎ Nick, it’s good for you to read some books 　　　 China before you start your trip there.‎ ‎ A.in B. for C. of D. on ‎【答案】D 考向2 介词短语 常见的介词搭配：‎ ‎1. “介词＋ 名词”型 ‎ ‎(1) in 构成的短语 ‎ ‎ in advance 在前头，事先，预先 in case 如果，万一 ‎ ‎ in charge主管，掌管，看管 in common共有，共同，公有 ‎ ‎ in demand有需要的 in doubt 感到疑惑的，难以确定的 ‎ ‎ in effect实际上，生效 in fact事实上 ‎ ‎ in order按序，井然有序，情况良好； 恰当 in progress进行中 ‎ ‎ in return作为回报 in vain徒劳 ‎ ‎ in turn依次，替换地；相应地，转而 ‎(2) on构成的短语 ‎ ‎ on guard 在值勤 on leave在休假 ‎ ‎ on holiday在度假 on strike罢工 ‎ ‎ on sale出售 on loan借贷 ‎ ‎ on the move在移动，搬迁；离开 on the march在行军 ‎ ‎ on the go正在活动，正在奔走 on the air正在广播 ‎ ‎(3) beyond构成的短语 ‎ ‎ beyond one's power是某人力所不及的 beyond praise夸不胜夸 ‎ ‎ beyond one's reach够不着 beyond description难以形容 ‎ ‎ beyond words无法用语言形容 beyond doubt无疑 ‎ ‎ beyond one's understanding 无法理解 ‎ ‎(4) under构成的短语 ‎ under development 在发展中 under observation在观察中 ‎ ‎ under test在测试中 under construction在建设中 ‎ ‎ under examination在检查(调查)中 under consideration在考虑中 ‎ ‎ under repair在修理中 ‎ ‎(5) at 构成的短语 ‎ at length 详细地，长时间 at sea茫然 ‎ ‎ at will任意地 at work在上班 ‎ ‎ at lunch在吃午饭 at rest在休息 ‎ ‎ at table在吃饭 at school上学 ‎ ‎ at church做礼拜 at peace处于和平状态 ‎ ‎(6) out of 构成的短语 ‎ out of breath 上气不接下气 out of balance失去平衡 ‎ ‎ out of date过时 out of patience不耐烦 ‎ ‎ out of control失去控制 out of business破产 ‎ ‎ out of style过时，不时髦 out of the ordinary不寻常的 ‎ ‎ out of touch失去联系 ‎ ‎2． 复杂介词型 ‎ ‎(1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于，因为”。 ‎ ‎ because of：表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系)； ‎ ‎ on account of：常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 ‎ ‎(2) 表示“除……之外”。 ‎ ‎ with the exception of＝ except, except for“除……之外”； ‎ ‎ apart from (＝美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词，既可表示“除……之外”，相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外，(还，也)”，相当于besides； ‎ ‎ in addition to“除……之外(还，也)”，相当于besides。 ‎ ‎(3) 表示“有关，关于”。 ‎ ‎ concerning=regarding“关于，就……而论，在……方面”； ‎ ‎ with respect to“关于，就……而言”； ‎ ‎ as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 ‎ ‎(4) 表示“在……之前”。 ‎ ‎ ahead of=in advance of，可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前，更早”， 还可表示“领先，优于”； ‎ ‎ in front of 多指空间的前后关系，“在……前方”。 ‎ ‎(5) 表示“支持，赞成”。 ‎ ‎ in support of 维护，支持，支援； ‎ ‎ in favor of 可指某人“支持，赞成”，也可指事物“有利于……”‎ ‎(6) 表示“鉴于，由于；根据，按照”。 ‎ ‎ in the light of 按照，考虑到 in terms of 就……而言，谈到 ‎ ‎ according to 根据；按照 in view of 鉴于，因为 ‎ ‎(7) 表示“尽管”。 ‎ ‎ in spite of 尽管，不管 ‎ ‎ ‎1. They were lost at sea, ____ wind and weather.‎ ‎ A.at the cost of B.at the risk of ‎ C.at the sight of D.at the mercy of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查介词短语。句意：他们在大海上迷路了，任凭风和天气的摆布。at the mercy of表示“听命于……的摆布”。‎ ‎2. I don’t think it was an accident at all. Your brother did it________ .‎ ‎ A. for purpose B.in order ‎ C. on purpose D. out of order ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查介词短语。句意为：我认为这根本不是意外。你的哥哥故意为之。on purpose表示“故意地”。‎ ‎3. This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you that if you smoked here you would ‎ ‎ be fined.‎ ‎ A.in detail B.in total ‎ C.in advance D.in general ‎【答案】C 考向3 动词短语 一、动词搭配是语法填空的重点，考生平时要注意积累常见的动词短语。‎ ‎1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有： ‎ throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发 ‎ carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开 ‎ ‎2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有： ‎ answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求 ‎ plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找 send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿 ‎ ‎3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：‎ try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着 pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持 keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车） ‎ ‎4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有： ‎ come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习 get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑 take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转 ‎ ‎5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有： ‎ bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出 cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长 grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成 put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到 send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.‎ A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up ‎【答案】D ‎6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有： ‎ come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心 walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产 give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选 find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是 get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通 bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.‎ A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out ‎【答案】B ‎ 二、常见同根动词短语辨析 ‎ ‎1.bring ‎ bring in引进，挣得 bring about引起，导致 ‎ bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出 bring out使展现，推出（书等） ‎ bring down降低，使倒下 bring back把……带回来，使忆起 bring forth结果，生产，产生 bring forward提出，提前 ‎ bring off圆满完成（困难之事） ‎ ‎2．break ‎ break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解 break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止 break through逾越，突破，冲破 break away（from）挣脱，脱离 break out爆发 break in破门而入 break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰 break off折断，中断 ‎ ‎3．come come about发生 come out结果出来，出版，开花 ‎ come across偶遇，被理解 come true变为现实 ‎ come up走上前，被提出，走近 come along一起来 ‎ come up with产生，发现（解决办法等） ‎ ‎4．give ‎ give up放弃 give in屈服，呈交 ‎ give out 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表 give off发出 give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠 ‎5．go ‎ go against违背，与……不符，对……不利 go without勉强维持，凑合 go in for爱好，参加，从事 go by过去，依据，按照 go on继续，发生 go over复习，仔细审查，走近 go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读，经历 go away走开，外出度假，消失 go for去取来或接来，争取得到 ‎ ‎6．keep keep away（from）使远离 keep back 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲 keep off 避开 keep on继续 keep out 挡在外边，请勿靠近 keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续 keep up with跟上 keep down抑制（以防其增长） ‎ ‎7．look look ahead向前看 look about环顾 ‎ look back回忆，回顾 look out当心，找出 ‎ look up向上看，查阅，看望 look down upon看不起 ‎ look through翻阅 look into调查，向内看 ‎ look after照看，负责处理 look on旁观 look forward to盼望 look round寻找，边走边看，观光 ‎8．put put back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟 put down平定，镇压，记下 put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄 put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前 put off延期 put on穿戴，上映 put out扑灭，生产 put up举起，张贴 ‎9．take ‎ take in吸收 take for 误认为 ‎ take out 拿出 take down 放下 ‎ take up从事，拿起，占据 take off 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功 take by攻占 take after像 ‎ take along 随身携带 take away带走，拿走，使离去 take back 收回，退回（所购商品） take charge 负责，掌管 take on呈现，雇佣 take out拿出，带……出去 ‎ take over 接管，接任 ‎ The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will ________the business?‎ A. take in B. take up C. take on D. take over ‎【答案】D ‎10．turn ‎ turn back折回，掉转头 turn away转身，走开，打发走 turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造 turn down 拒绝，调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来，移交 turn in上交（作业等），拐入 turn into变成，翻译 turn on打开，取决于 turn to求助于，翻到 turn up调大，出现 ‎ Tom had to______ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.‎ ‎ A. turn in B. turn down ‎ C. turn over D. turn to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn in 上交； turn down拒绝； turn over 移交； turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。‎ 难点剖析 ‎ ‎ ‎1.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别 常见形容词 搭配 意义 absent ‎(be) absent from 缺席 ‎(be) absent in 不在这里而在……‎ afraid ‎(be) afraid of 担心……‎ ‎(be) afraid for 为……而担心 angry ‎(be) angry with sb.‎ 对某人生气 ‎(be) angry at/about sth.‎ 因某事而生气 anxious ‎(be)anxious for sth 急于想得到 ‎(be)anxious about sth./sb.‎ 对某事/某人担心 different ‎(be) different from 与……不同 ‎(be) different to 不关心 familiar ‎(be) familiar with 精通，熟悉 ‎(be) familiar to 为……熟知（悉）‎ good ‎(be) good at 擅长于 ‎(be) good for 对……有益 ‎(be) good to 对……友好/态度好 popular ‎(be) popular with sb.‎ 受……欢迎 ‎(be) popular for 因……而流行 strict ‎(be) strict with sb.‎ 对某人要求严格 ‎(be) strict in sth.‎ 对某事要求严格 ‎2. 容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组 类 型 举 例 差一冠词，大相径庭 in front of（在……前面)——in the front of（在……前部） ‎ in charge of（负责）——in the charge of（由……负责）‎ out of question（毫无疑问）——out of the question（不可能） ‎ at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）——at the table（在桌子旁边）‎ 有无介词，意义不同 know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人 ‎ shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击 search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人 ‎ believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格 benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处 画蛇添足，误加介词 serve the people为人民服务（容易在serve后加for） ‎ enter the room进入房间（容易在enter后加into）‎ follow me跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind） ‎ marry sb.与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）‎ go abroad出国（容易在go后面加to） ‎ live upstairs住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）‎ 母语思维，误用介词 be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by） ‎ leave for some place动身去某地（不用to）‎ set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for） ‎ in the direction朝着……方向（不用to）‎ do a favor for sb.帮某人一个忙（不用to） ‎ different from和……不同（不用with）‎ with the help of在……的帮助下（不用under） ‎ steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）‎ read sth. to sb.给（为）……读（念）……（不用for）‎ 检测训练 题组一 真题在线 ‎1.（2017·北京）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.‎ ‎ A. at B. in C. on D. by ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。‎ ‎2.（2017·江苏）Determining where we are ____________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our ‎ ‎ survival.‎ ‎ A. in contrast to B. in defense of ‎ C. in face of D. in relation to ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词短语。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。‎ ‎3.（2017·北京）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be ___________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.‎ ‎ A. among B. against C. behind D. below ‎【答案】A ‎4.（2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work.‎ ‎【答案】 from ‎【解析】考查介词，to and from来回，故填from。‎ ‎5.（2017·天津）We offer an excellent education to our students. ___________, we expect students to work hard.‎ ‎ A. On average B. At best ‎ ‎ C. In return D. After all ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A. 平均起来，一般说来；B. 最多，充其量；C. 作为回报；D. 毕竟，终究。根据句意故选C。‎ ‎6.（2017·天津·完形填空）… My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 25 a movement ‎ ‎ founded 30 years ago to end hunger.‎ ‎ A. in search of B. in need of ‎ ‎ C. in place of D. in support of ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】根据上文raise $50,000可知，此处表示＂为了支持三十年前为了结束饥饿而创办的一项活动＂。A. 为了寻找；B. 需要；C. 代替；D. 为了支持。故选D。‎ ‎7.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat ‎ ‎ content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） a method of ‎ ‎ fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side (effects) (effect) such as overweight and heart disease ‎ ‎ — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎【答案】as ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示＂作为，以……身份＂，故填as。‎ ‎8.（2017·新课标I卷·短文改错）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.‎ ‎9.（2017·新课标II卷·短文改错）They have also bought for some gardening tools. beside, they often get some ‎ ‎ useful information from the internet.‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎ 第一处：将for去掉：考查动词，bought是及物动词，后无需跟介词，故将for去掉。‎ 第二处：beside改为besides：考查连接词，beside是介词，＂在……旁边＂，而这里需要一个连接词，故将beside改为besides。‎ ‎10.（2016·天津卷·单项填空）The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was ‎ ‎ published.‎ ‎ A. out of control B. out of date ‎ ‎ C. out of sight D. out of reach ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】句意：这本字典过时了：自从它被出版，很多单词被增加到这种语言中。A.失去控制；B.过时的；C.看不见的；D.够不着的。故选B。‎ ‎11.（2016·浙江卷·单项填空）The study suggests that the cultures we grow up _______ influence the basic ‎ ‎ processes by which we see world around us.‎ ‎ A. on B. in C. at D. about ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。The cultures后面是定语从句，省略了that，定语从句中cultures作宾语，那么还缺少一个介词，和cultures搭配用介词in，故选B。‎ ‎12.（2016·全国新课标卷II·语法填空）Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we ‎ ‎ are later in the day. ‎ ‎【答案】on ‎【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。形容词短语be focused on意为＂集中于……＂。‎ ‎13.（2016·浙江）That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help.______, he’s reliable.‎ ‎ A. Or else B. In short ‎ ‎ C. By the way D. For one thing ‎【答案】B ‎14.（2015·重庆）Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃____ the average.‎ ‎ A. below B. on C. at D. above ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】句意：去年是有纪录以来最热的一年，全球平均气温上升0.68度。with 的宾语global temperature ，宾语补足above the average。‎ ‎15.（2017·天津卷）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids.‎ ‎ A. settled down B. keep off ‎ ‎ C. get up D. cut in ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. 安顿下来；B. 远离；C.起床；D. 插嘴。根据句意，故选A。‎ ‎16.（2017·天津卷·完形填空）I was filled with the fear that I would 28 the same difficulties that beat me ‎ ‎ before.‎ ‎ A. get over B. run into ‎ ‎ C. look for D. put aside ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】根据上文fear和下文the same difficulties that beat me before可知，我充满了恐惧，害怕遇到 以前打败我的同样的困难。A. 克服，战胜；B. 遇到；C. 寻找；D. 把……放到一边。故选B。‎ 题组二 名校模拟 Ⅰ. 单项填空 ‎1. The heavy snow added _______ the traffic burden of the city at rush hours.‎ ‎ A.to B. up C. up to D. on ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查介词。句意为：大雪加重了（add to）上下班高峰时期的交通压力。‎ ‎2．Many old residential areas(居民区) were torn down ______ new modern communities.‎ ‎ A.in response to B.in reaction to ‎ C.in agreement with D.in favor of ‎【答案】D ‎ 3．I am _____exercise, but it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.‎ ‎ A.in search of B.in favour of ‎ ‎ C.in response to D.in relation to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为：我赞成锻炼，但是在睡觉前锻炼可不是个好主意。in search of意为“寻找”；in favour of意为“赞成”；in response to意为“作为……回答”；in relation to意为“关于”。 ‎ ‎4．Although this product is environmental protection, few people show interest in it because of its high ‎ ‎ price.‎ ‎ A. in terms of B. in favor of ‎ ‎ C. on account of D. in response to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词短语。虽然这个产品有利于环保，但是因为价格高很少人感兴趣。in terms of，就……而论；in favor of，同意，有利；on account of，因为；in response to，回复。故B选项正确。 ‎ ‎5．It’s good habit to keep everything_______ in your study.‎ ‎ A.in the way B.in place C.in hand D.in case ‎【答案】B ‎6．_______the hard work in the past few months, the crops wouldn’t grow so well now.‎ ‎ A. Apart from B. But for ‎ ‎ C. Due to D. Regardless of ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词短语。句意:要不是过去几个月的辛勤劳作,现在庄稼不可能长得这么好。根据语境可知,应用But for。apart from"除了";due to"因为";regardless of"不考虑"。‎ ‎7．As we all know, stories of love and adventure were popular _____the Middle Ages.‎ ‎ A. via B. throughout C.to D. under ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词。via通过；throughout贯穿，遍及；to向；under在……下面。众所周知，爱和冒险的故事在整个中世纪都是很普遍的。故选B。‎ ‎8．Lucy was born ______ January 30th, 1998, when her sister got married ______ a fashion designer.‎ ‎ A.in; to B. on; to C.at; with D. around; with ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查介词。在具体的某一日应用介词on；get married to sb.是固定短语，表示“与某人结婚”，故选B项。‎ ‎9．Shortly after he got back from abroad, he fell ill _____ a cold and had to lie in bed for almost a whole week.‎ ‎ A.at B.in C. with D. on ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查介词。句意：他刚从国外回来不久就因为感冒病倒了不得不躺在床上一周。这里with表示“因为”，at在……地方；in在……里面；on在……上面。故选C。‎ ‎10．J.K. Rowling spent many hours ______ a single cup of coffee in a warm cafeteria in Edinburgh because she had ‎ ‎ no money to pay for the heating at home.‎ ‎ A. during B. over C. in D. beyond ‎【答案】B ‎11．—Julia failed to _______ her mid-term exam.‎ ‎ —What a pity! No wonder she is in low spirits.‎ ‎ A. get over B. get through ‎ ‎ C. get across D. get round ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意：——Julia未能通过期中考试。——真可惜！难怪她情绪低落。get over表示“克服”；get through表示“通过”；get across表示“使被理解”；get round表示“传开”。‎ ‎12．As he was getting the horse ready to , he found that the road was blocked.‎ ‎ A. set up B. set off ‎ ‎ C. set about D. set aside ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意为：当他上马准备出发的时候，他发现路被堵住了。set off表示“出发、启程”。‎ ‎13．As we are companions in difficult situations, I will not 　　　　, unconcerned about your troubles.‎ ‎ A. look on B. wait on ‎ ‎ C. hang on D. catch on ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:既然我们是患难之交, 对你的困难我就不会袖手旁观。 look on"袖手旁观";wait on"伺候,招待";hang on"坚持";catch on"理解,流行起来"。‎ ‎14．Thanks to his strong constitution, Jack was able to 　　　　his recent serious illness.‎ ‎ A. run through B. cut through ‎ C. pull through D. put through ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词短语。句意:多亏了他强健的体质,杰克才得以从最近这场重病中康复。pull through"(大病、手术等后)康复,痊愈",符合语境。 run through"浏览,跑着穿过";cut through"穿透,抄近路穿过";put through"接通,完成"。‎ ‎15．The most impressive and pleasant memory in my childhood was that all my family members 　　　　in the ‎ ‎ tent when we went hiking.‎ ‎ A. turned up B. put up C. woke up D. set up ‎【答案】B Ⅱ. 单句改错 ‎1. I lent to her some money in order that she could go for a holiday.‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】去掉to ‎ ‎【解析】句意：我借给她一些钱，以便她能去度假。动词lend后可接双宾语，所以to多余。‎ ‎2. Joe wasted a lot time before he got down to work. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】在time 前加of ‎ ‎【解析】句意：乔在开始工作前浪费了不少时间。a lot of为固定用法，意为＂许多＂，后接可数名词复数形式或不可数名词。注意：a lot为副词短语，表程度。‎ ‎3. The biggest problem was in that almost all communication systems were destroyed. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】去掉in ‎ ‎【解析】句意：最大的难题是，几乎所有的通讯系统都被破坏了。根据语境及句子结构可知，句中用that引导表语从句。‎ ‎4. Only a few months ago, this area suffered by the worst drought in a century. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】by → from ‎ ‎【解析】句意：仅在几个月前，这个地区遭受了一次本世纪以来最为严重的旱灾。suffer from为固定用法，意为＂忍受，遭受＂。‎ ‎5. It was very kind for them to invite me to visit their country. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】for → of ‎ ‎6. Appreciate and honor what you have instead focusing on what you do not. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】在instead后加of ‎ ‎【解析】句意：感激并且尊重你所拥有的，而不是将注意力放在你没有的东西上。instead of 为复合介词，意为＂而不是＂。‎ ‎7. The boy wanted to join in the army but was turned down because he was under age. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】去掉 in ‎ ‎【解析】句意：这个男孩想参军，但因为年纪小被拒绝了。join表示＂参加，加入(某个组织)＂时， 后面不加介词in；表示＂参加(某项活动)＂时，才加 in。‎ ‎8. I just couldn’t laugh to his jokes the way I used to. ‎ ‎ _________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】第一个to → at ‎ ‎【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那样因他讲的笑话而发笑。laugh at为固定搭配，意为＂嘲笑，因……而发笑＂。‎ Ⅲ. 语法填空 ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ ‎ One of the purposes of children's slang(俚语) 　1　(be) to stop adults from being able to understand what they’re saying. Obviously, the strategy works. Recent research shows that 　2　majority of adults can’t translate the meaning of common slang.‎ ‎ In a survey of 4,5000 people last month, 　3　was found that 85 percent of adults didn’t understand the translations of emoji(表情符号)and text. The researchers warned that a lack of 　4　(aware) of what children are communicating online can leave them unprotected, with phrases that express eating disorders and unhappiness not ‎　5　(understand).‎ ‎ For young people growing up with technology, this new language comes 　6　(natural), but it’s leaving some adults unsure about 　7　is being said by their children online. It’s important for adults to speak to young people about how they use social media and chat online.‎ ‎ Caroline Bunting, general manager at Internet matters, said “While it is unrealistic to expect parents ‎ 　8　(know) every piece of Internet slang their children will ever see, online safety starts 　9　a conversation. It’s vital for parents to talk to their kids about their digital ‎ worlds, including all 　10　(sort) of things they might experience online and the types of problems to be aware of.”‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现大多数的成年人不明白儿童俚语表达的意义。‎ ‎6．naturally【解析】考查副词。修饰动词comes用副词。‎ ‎7．what【解析】考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。‎ ‎8．to know【解析】考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do表示“希望某人做某事”。‎ ‎9．with【解析】考查介词。start with表示“从……开始”。‎ ‎10．sorts【解析】考查名词。all sorts of表示“各种各样的”。‎