【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十一（18页word版答案含有解析）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十一（18页word版答案含有解析）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十一 ‎[一]‎ For improving understanding: As a student, I can tell people something about matters like environmental pollution, politics, health and education. For this, I can write articles related to the above topics and publish them in web, newspaper and spread them through other means of communication as well. Besides this, I can also take the help of other clubs and friends for the same. ‎ ‎ For environment protection: I can take part in programmes（项目，计划） like Afforestation and Environment Cleanliness to make our country free from pollution. I can also take the first step by keeping my surrounding clean. Besides these, I can also organize related programmes in school with the help of my friends. ‎ For poverty alleviation（减轻）: Although our country is very rich in natural resources, most of the people live their life below the poverty line. So, I can take the help of media（媒体） and warn the government and the people to make proper use of the resources. What’s more, I can myself be a successful member of the nation in future and do something for the economic development of the country. ‎ For protection of cultural heritage（遗产）: I can organize or help to organize cultural heritage protection programme. Although I cannot force people to clean the cultural heritage sites, I can at least ask them not to make those places polluted. ‎ For peaceful nation: It’s good that people, especially the students have started to show more interest in political matters these days. So, as a student I can remind the people of thinking about solving problems through talking with the government.‎ Lastly, I can be an able member of the nation in future and try my best for the development of the society and nation. ‎ ‎1. The author asks people to protect .‎ ‎ A. oil B. coal C. women and children D. old buildings ‎2. The students are interested in now.‎ ‎ A. pollution B. politics C. health D. education ‎3. Most people in the country are .‎ ‎ A. poor B. rich C. clever D. brave ‎4. To protect environment, the author will first .‎ ‎ A. write articles in the newspaper ‎ B. turn to other clubs and friends for help ‎ C. organize related programmes in school ‎ D. make the place where he lives clean ‎5. We can learn from the text that .‎ ‎ A. only students can make their country rich ‎ B. students are too weak to do anything for the nation ‎ C. everyone except students can force people to clean the cultural heritage sites ‎ D. each one can do something for the development of the society 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D. 从第四段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. B. 从第五段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. A. 从第三段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D. 从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. D. 从最后一段及全文可以看出。‎ ‎[二]‎ Your child’s teacher will be providing extra time for test prep. This school year the third and fifth grade ELA(English Language Arts) tests will be held on January 8 & 9 and the fourth grade test will be held on January 8, 9 & 10. The test prep time are open to all students, and we strongly encourage you to send your child. ‎ This year we are changing the time of our test prep time: they will take place on Thursday mornings from 8:10 to 8:50. This helps children who ride the bus and cannot stay for after school period. It also helps avoid conflicts with after school activities.‎ Danielle and Marina will be working with the recent new test takers 6 days. Third & fourth grade test prep will be held on these Thursdays: 11/15, 11/29, 12/6, 12/13, 12/20, and 1/3.‎ Besides the determined test prep that will take place on these dates, teachers are already putting test preparation into their usual course. We are finding that we can help our students to be both skilful and whole-hearted readers and test takers – after all, we all know that the best test prep is good reading & writing training.‎ What can you do at home? Again, the best and most effective test preparation for the ELA test is reading and more reading. The research is quite clear – students who do well on the tests are those who are good readers, and students cannot become better readers without reading. Much reading not only builds reading ability（能力）, it also helps build energy – important for successful test taking!‎ Finally, on Friday, December 7, we will have a morning lecture on the ELA. Please pay attention!‎ ‎1. The text is mainly about .‎ ‎ A. the teachers will provide more time for test prep ‎ B. the time for test prep will be changed ‎ C. the teachers have put test preparation into their usual course ‎ D. something about the test prep parents should know ‎2. The time for test prep is changed so that .‎ ‎ A. the pupils can go home by bus ‎ B. the pupils need not stay there after school ‎ C. the pupils can take part in after school activities ‎ D. all of the above ‎3. will be held on January 10.‎ ‎ A. The third grade tests B. The fourth grade tests ‎ C. The fifth grade tests D. The third and fourth grade test prep ‎4. Parents should at home.‎ ‎ A. prepare good meals for their children ‎ B. do more reading ‎ C. ask their children to make friends with good readers ‎ D. encourage their children to read more ‎5. December 5 is .‎ ‎ A. Monday B. Tuesday C. Wednesday D. Thursday 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D. 根据全文内容可以判断出来。‎ ‎2. D. 从第二段中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B. 从第一段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D. 从第五段中可以看出。‎ ‎5. C. 从第三段和最后一段中可以看出。‎ ‎[三]‎ Today I had a good friend contact me with the news that her hours were cut. She was very worried and was focusing on what she could cut out to make ends meet. I completely understand where she is at and how she feels, but, I thought her focus should be on how to make up the lost income（收入） instead of where to cut from. This provided me with a task …. to help her with her problem.‎ We hadn’t talked long when we got onto the subject of what she could do to increase the income. Our conversation was a great one and from it she is going to start something she loves to do and by doing so in a way you can bring in an income. ‎ I am very excited for her and feel really good, because I was able to help her and will continue to help her get set up online with a web site and some methods that she can use to give back to others and bring about an income.‎ I know she is excited, but I have to say I am so excited for her and have a great feeling knowing that I had a part to play in working on turning a bad situation into a good one.‎ One thing we often miss in our fast-paced（快节奏的） life is the advantages that we can gain when we do something for others. It is a great feeling to make a difference in someone’s life. If you aren’t making ‎ a difference in someone’s life I advise you to try to do something each day or at least once a week that makes a difference in someone’s life. You will help someone as well as do a favor for yourself.‎ ‎1. Her problem was .‎ ‎ A. her hours were cut B. where she is at ‎ C. how she feels D. how to make up the lost time ‎2. The subject of their talk was .‎ ‎ A. what she loves to do B. what she could do ‎ C. how to increase the income D. when to begin their conversation ‎3. She decided to earn money by using .‎ ‎ A. her friends B. the Internet C. the great feeling D. the bad situation ‎4. The society is developing so fast that .‎ ‎ A. we are making a difference in others’ life ‎ B. we’re doing something each day ‎ C. we can’t bring in any income ‎ D. we have no time to help others ‎5. The best title of the text can be .‎ ‎ A. The problem of a good friend ‎ B. How to bring in an income ‎ C. Living a fast-paced life is not easy ‎ D. Doing something good for others feels wonderful 参考答案：‎ ‎1. A. 从第一段第一句中可以看出，后三项为作者的看法。‎ ‎2. C. 从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B. 从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D. 从最后一段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. D. 最后一项为全文的主题，其余选项只是文中的分论点。‎ ‎[四]‎ This dictionary (A Dictionary of Nigerian English Usage) explains the variety of English in Nigeria(a country in Africa) so allowing both Nigerians and foreigners to recognize and learn the varieties of English special to Nigerian usage and gain a more full understanding of the state of Nigerian English (NE). The some 1600 vocabularies have been selected on the basis of how often each word is used in written texts and speech and for their cultural and historical importance. Many words are borrowed from the many Nigerian languages; others are English words of phrases which have gained new meanings in Nigeria. Some words and phrases which are not NE but pertain to Nigerian speech have also been included - e.g. ECOMOG, austerity measure, alhaji; along with spoken languages, slang（俚语） and vulgarisms（粗话）. The author introduces the dictionary with a free introduction providing a short passage of the features of accepted ‎ NE; the history of English in Nigeria and trade and missionary（传教的） relations; NE under the colonial(殖民地的)governing; the situation of languages in Nigeria; and notes on research techniques and method.‎ ISBN 9789783422551 | 320 pages | 203 x ‎127 mm | 2002 | Enicrownfit Publishers, Nigeria | Paperback ‎ Groups: Humanities & Social Sciences | Language & Linguistics | Language & Dictionaries | Visiting Africa ‎ About the Author : Herbert Igboanusi teaches in the Department of Linguistics and African Languages at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.‎ ‎1. The dictionary can be used by .‎ ‎ A. all people B. all except those of Nigeria ‎ C. only Nigerians D. only foreigners ‎2. The dictionary was published in .‎ ‎ A. 1997 B. ‎1989 C. 1978 D. 2002‎ ‎3. The first paragraph mainly talks about .‎ ‎ A. the variety of English in Nigeria ‎ B. the words borrowed from the many Nigerian languages ‎ C. the information important to the dictionary ‎ D. the places where the dictionary can be bought ‎4. The underlined word “pertain” has similar meaning with .‎ ‎ A. certain B. belong C. borrow D. introduce ‎5. We can infer from the passage that .‎ ‎ A. Nigeria has a long history ‎ B. Nigeria is a country with a large population ‎ C. Nigeria was controlled by another country ‎ D. Nigeria has only one university 参考答案：‎ ‎1. A. 从第一段第一句中可以看出这本词典的读者对象。‎ ‎2. D. 第二段中有出版日期：2002年。‎ ‎3. C. 对词典的介绍主要在这一段里。‎ ‎4. B. 从其前的not NE but中可以推断出词义。‎ ‎5. C. 第一段最后一句中有NE under the colonial governing为证。‎ ‎[五]‎ The period 713-756AD was when the Tang Dynasty reached its top. It was also China's golden age of poetry. Then it is no surprise the period produced China's two greatest poets, Du Fu and Li Bai .‎ Li Bai (701-762) was also called Tai Bai or Qing Lian Ju Shi as his poetic name. He is one of the most well-known and admired poets in China. ‎ A diligent reader in his youth, he was directed by both Confucianism and Taoism（儒教和道教）. He started out at 25 to travel in the country. At the age of 42, a friend suggested him to the court（朝廷）. ‎ He was greatly pleased at first and eager to serve the emperor like an ancient able politician. But the Emperor Xuanzong only had him as a palace poet to write unimportant poems while the emperor and Yang Guifei, his favorite imperial concubine（皇妃）, were treating themselves. Unwilling to serve such a meaningless function, Li Bai left the capital in less than two years. ‎ Then Li Bai went on with his aimless wandering all over the country. Unfortunately, he was charged of being a member of the rebel and sentenced to exile（流放）, though pardoned on the way. He died of illness at Dangtu in today's Anhui. ‎ Li Bai is considered as the first romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). His political aim was destroyed, so he turned to drinking to hide from his sorrows and writing, which was described as "A hundred poems per glass wine." His poetry is still very popular and recited by Chinese children today. Here are some of his poems in English. ‎ ‎1. Li Bai served in the court during .‎ ‎ A. 713-756 B. 701‎-762 C. 743-745 D. 618-907‎ ‎2. Li Bai was fond of .‎ ‎ A. writing poems B. traveling C. drinking D. A, B and C ‎3. Paragraph 3 mainly tells us .‎ ‎ A. why the Tang Dynasty reached its top ‎ B. Li Bai’s days in the court ‎ C. why Li Bai is regarded as a romantic poet ‎ D. why Li Bai’s poetry is still popular today ‎4. When he was young, Li Bai liked .‎ ‎ A. reading B. serving the emperor C. wandering aimlessly D. drinking ‎ ‎5. The underlined word “rebel” in the forth paragraph refers to .‎ ‎ A. something about travel B. something against the court ‎ C. something about poems D. something about drinking ‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C. 第三段第三句说他42岁被朋友引荐进了朝廷，从第二段的出生时间可知当时是743年，第三段最后说他在朝廷呆了不足两年。‎ ‎2. D. 第三段第二句中说他25岁就开始出游，第四段也提到这一点，第五段提到饮酒。‎ ‎3. B. 这一段主要写了李白被引荐进了朝廷，刚开始还很满意，后觉没被重用，实现不了自己的抱负，不到两年就离开了京城。‎ ‎4. A. 从第三段第一句中可以看出，李白年轻时就喜欢读书。‎ ‎5. B. 从其后的and sentenced to exile可以判断出该词的意义。‎ ‎[六]‎ When Stephen Hawking was writing A Brief History of Time, his editors ‎ told him that he would lose half of his readers for each equation（方程式）he put in the book. Despite this warning, Hawking found it necessary to include one equation. His choice was the world’s most famous equation, Albert Einstein’s E=mc2. As simple as the equation may seem, it represents a theory so important that it changed science and physics completely. In fact, Einstein’s discoveries made such a big difference that he felt he had to apologise to Newton. “Forgive me,” Einstein wrote, “you found the only way which, in your age, was just about possible for a man of highest thought and creative power.” Einstein had replaced Newton’s theories with his own and changed our understanding of the universe.‎ Before Einstein, scientists believed that light traveled through space in a straight line. But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun. As a result, it appeared to scientists on earth that the stars had moved. He worked out just how much the light would be bent; he could also work out how far the stars would appear to have moved. ‎ His discovery was completely new; it was said that only three people could understand it at the time. The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists. Many of them did not accept his scientific ideas. But Einstein went on with his research. By 1919. scientists who had been watching the stars believed in his work and he quickly became world-famous. From that time on Einstein was greatly respected as the leading scientist of the century. ‎ The First World War(1914-1918) had brought his great sadness. He had taken Swiss nationality in 1901 and therefore did not have to join the army, as Switzerland did not take sides in the war. Einstein thought that war was a terrible thing and believed that fighting and killing in wars was wrong. He did urge the United States to build an atomic bomb to defeat the Nazis, but when Einstein saw the effect of the bomb, he regretted his actions. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.‎ ‎1. Einstein’s E=mc2 was very important because .‎ ‎ A. it was put in the book A brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking.‎ ‎ B. Einstein was so famous a scientist.‎ ‎ C. it was accepted by Newton.‎ ‎ D. it changed the way scientists think about physics and the universe.‎ ‎2. The reason why Einstein apologized to Newton is that .‎ ‎ A. Einstein was more famous than Newton.‎ ‎ B. Einstein was older than Newton.‎ ‎ C. Einstein proved Newton’s theories were wrong.‎ ‎ D. Einstein’s theories were too difficult for Newton to understand.‎ ‎3. Unlike other scientists, Einstein believed .‎ ‎ A. light travelled through space in a straight line.‎ ‎ B. light travelled through space in a bent line.‎ ‎ C. light travelled through space in a straight line sometimes.‎ ‎ D. light bent when it passed the sun.‎ ‎4. Einstein was regarded as the leading scientist of the twentieth century .‎ ‎ A. in 1914 B. in ‎1918 C. in 1919 D. in 1901‎ ‎5. Einstein did not have to join the army because .‎ ‎ A. he was a world-famous scientist. B. he came from Germany ‎ C. he was asked to build an atomic bomb D. he took Swiss nationality ‎6. Einstein thought .‎ ‎ A. war was great ‎ B. an atomic bomb should be used in wars ‎ C. the Third World War should take place as soon as possible ‎ D. all wars should be put to an end.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D 从第一段第四句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 从第一段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. D 从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. C 从第三段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. D 从第四段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎6. D 从第四段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎[七]‎ A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops (笔记本电脑)．‎ Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility (清晰度)．But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught．‎ Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes "mindlessly" by taking down word for word what the professors said．‎ In the first experiment， students were given either a laptop or pen and paper．They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills．Thirty minutes after the talk， they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts．‎ The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as ‎ those who wrote by hand．However，the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts．Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts．‎ The researchers' report said，"While more notes are beneficial，if the notes are taken mindlessly，as is more likely the case on a laptop，the benefit disappears．"‎ In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory，students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture．This time，the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam．‎ These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding，but that they also lead to superior revision in the future．‎ ‎21．More and more students favor laptops for note-taking because they can _______ ．‎ A．write more notes B．digest concepts better C．get higher scores D．understand lectures better ‎22．While taking notes，laptop users tend to be _______．‎ A．skillful B．mindless C．thoughtful D．tireless ‎23．The author of the passage aims to _______ ．‎ A．examine the importance of long-term memory B．stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C．explain the process of taking notes D． promote the use of laptops ‎ ‎24．The passage is likely to appear in ______ ．‎ A．a newspaper advertisement B．a computer textbook C．a science magazine D．a finance report 参考答案： 解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。‎ ‎21．A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility（清晰度）"可知，学生越来越多地使用笔记本电脑记笔记是因为它的速度和清晰度，这说明用笔记本电脑记笔记速度快记得多。故选A。‎ ‎22．B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句"But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught"可知，研究已经发现笔记本电脑的使用者没能记住和应用教给他们的概念。由此可推知，笔记本电脑的使用者在记笔记时是不动脑子的。故选B。‎ ‎23．B 推理判断题。本文通过实验说明了用笔记本电脑记笔记的不良效果和用手记笔记的优势，两者相比突出了用手记笔记的好处。故选B 。‎ ‎24．C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，本文揭示实验研究的结果，用笔记本电脑记笔记的人记忆和应用概念的能力较差，而用手记笔记的人在考试中的表现更好。由此可推知，本文应该出现在科学杂志里。故选C。‎ ‎[八]‎ Working with a group of baboons(狒狒) in the Namibian desert，Dr．Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology，Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box．Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew ‎ how to solve the task，while others had to learn for themselves．To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were，Dr．Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake．‎ She found that personality had a major impact on learning．The braver baboons learnt， but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform，the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did．In effect，despite being made aware of what to do， they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did．‎ The same held true for anxious baboons com pared with calm ones．The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not，even though they spent more time watching．‎ This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows th8t personality plays a key role in social learning in animals，something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals 1earn to do things．The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them，but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information．‎ The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning．If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals，or they are too shy to use the information once they have it，information may not travel between all group members，preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning．‎ ‎59．What is the first paragraph mainly about?‎ A．The design of Dr．Carter's research．‎ B．The results of Dr．Carter's research．‎ C．The purpose of Dr．Carter's research． ‎ D．The significance of Dr．Carter's research．‎ ‎60．According to the research，which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?‎ A．Those that have more experience．‎ B．Those that can avoid potential risks．‎ C．Those that like to work independently．‎ D．Those that feel anxious about learning． ‎ ‎61．Which best illustrates the "mismatch" mentioned in Paragraph 4?‎ A．Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning．‎ B．Some baboons are shy but active in social activities．‎ C．Some baboons observe others but don't follow them．‎ D．Some baboons perform new tasks but don't concentrate．‎ ‎62．Dr．Carter's findings indicate that our culture might be formed through _______ ．‎ A．storing information B．learning from each other C．understanding different people D．traveling between social groups 参考答案：解读：研究表明，心脏的疾病与空气质量有关，所以应该采取措施严格控制污染，提高空气质量。‎ ‎53．A 主旨大意题。由第一段中的"But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately the air you breathe"以及文章接下来的内容可知，本文主要谈论的是心脏疾病与空气质量之间的关系。‎ ‎54．C 词义猜测题。第三段的第一句话讲到两项研究，的筹划者都强调这些风险对于健康的人来说相对较小，当然与其他危险因素相比，例如抽烟和高血压，风险也是相对较低的。因此，"modest"意为"relatively low"。‎ ‎55．D 细节理解题。根据文章最后两句的内容可知，应该制定更为严格的控制污染物的规章制度。故D项正确。‎ ‎56．A ‎ ‎ 写作意图题。文章主要告知读者一项研究结果，指出新发现的引起心脏疾病的因素：我们吸人体内的空气。因此，A项正确。‎ ‎[九]‎ Below is a selection from a popular science book．‎ If blood is red，why are veins (静脉) blue?‎ Actually，veins are not blue at all．They are more of a clear，yellowish color．Although blood looks red when it's outside the body，when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple color．At the right depth，these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin，making them look blue by comparison．‎ Which works harder，your heart or your brain?‎ That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising．Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise，and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker．But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it，because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart，and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it．‎ Why do teeth fall out，and why don't they grow back in grown-ups?‎ Baby(or "milk" ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger，stronger adult teeth later on．Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged，decayed and infected by bacteria．Once this second set of teeth has grown in，you're done．When they're gone，they're gone．This is because nature figures you're set for life and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off．‎ Do old people shrink as they age?‎ Yes and no．Many people do get shorter as they age．But，when they ‎ do，it isn't because they're shrinking all over．They simply lose height as their spine (脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity(重力)．Many( but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older．Men lose an average of 3 - 4 cm in height as they age，while women may lose 5 cm or more．If you live to be 200 years old，would you keep shrinking till you were，like 60 cm tall，like a little boy again? No，because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards - their legs，arms and backbones getting shorter．When they do get shorter，it's because the spine has shortened a little．Or，more often，become more bent and curved．‎ Why does spinning make you dizzy(眩晕的) ?‎ Because your brain gets confused between what you're seeing and what you're feeling．The brain senses that you're spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear，which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable．But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control，and your brain thinks you're moving while you're not！‎ Where do feelings and emotions come from? ‎ Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system．All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs，cats，and humans．So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear，pain and pleasure．But since human feelings also involve other， newer bits of the brain，we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet．‎ If exercise wears you out，how can，it be good for you?‎ Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them．And as far as your body is concerned，it's use it，or lose it"! It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves ‎ your body weak and easily affected by disease．‎ ‎46．What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?‎ A．Blue．‎ B．Light yellow．‎ C．Red．‎ D．Dark reddish purple．‎ ‎47．Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age? ‎ A．Because their spine is in active use．‎ B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity．‎ C．Because they keep growing backwards．‎ D．Because their spine becomes more bent．‎ ‎48．Which of the following statements about our brain is true?‎ A．In the long run，our brain probably works harder than our heart．‎ ‎ B．When our brain senses the spinning，we will feel dizzy．‎ ‎ C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans．‎ ‎ D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain．‎ ‎49．What is the main purpose of the selection?‎ A．To give advice on how to stay healthy．‎ B．To provide information about our body．‎ C．To challenge new findings in medical research ．‎ D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science．‎ 参考答案：解读：本文主要向读者介绍了一些与人体相关的知识和信息。‎ ‎46．D 细节理解题。从文章问题一下面的"when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin，it's more of a dark reddish purple color"可知，静脉中靠近皮肤表面的血液应该是绛紫色，所以答案为D。‎ ‎47．D 细节理解题。从问题四下面的"When they do get shorter，it's because ‎ the spine has shortened a little．Or，more often，become more bent and curved"可知，由于脊柱的缩短或弯曲，所以老年人看起来显得矮了，所以答案为D。‎ ‎48．A 细节理解题。从问题二下面的"But，in the long run，your brain probably tips it， because even when you're sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart， and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it"可以知道，从长远来看，脑子可能要比心脏更努力，更辛苦，所以答案为A。‎ ‎49．B 主旨大意题。从全文可知，这是一篇医学科技类的文章，主要介绍了与人体相关的一些知识，所以B项能很好地概括全文主旨大意。‎ ‎[十]‎ 二十三、( 2013年北京卷) ‎ Multitasking People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once，a new research suggests．The findings，based on performances and self-evaluations by about 275 college students，indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity，but because they' are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity．And " those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，" said David Sanbonmatsu，a psychologist at the University of Utah．‎ Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked，how good they thought they were at it，and how sensation-seeking(寻求刺激) or impulsive(冲动) they were．They then evaluated the participants' multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters．‎ Not surprisingly，the scientists said，most people thought they were better than average at multitasking，and those who thought they were better ‎ at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once．But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test．They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior，which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted．‎ ‎"People multitask not because it's going to lead to greater productivity，but because they're distractible，and they get sucked into things that are not as important，"Sanbonmatsu said．‎ Adam Gazzaley，a researcher at the University of California，San Francisco，who was not a member of the research group，sad one limitation of the study was that it couldn't find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people's recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking．‎ The findings do suggest，however，why the sensation-seekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving．"People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，"said Paul Atchley，another researcher not in the group．" This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they're dangerous．"‎ ‎67．The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask ______ ．‎ A．seek high productivity constantly B．prefer handling different things when getting bored C．are more focused when doing many things at a time ‎ D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time ‎68．When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research，they ______．‎ A．assessed the multitasking ability of the students B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students C．analyzed the effects of the participants' tricky mental tasks D．measured the changes of the students' of understanding ability ‎69．According to Sanbonmatsu，people multitask because of their _______ ．‎ A．limited power in calculation B．interests in doing things differently C．inability to concentrate on one task D．impulsive desire to try new things ‎70．From the last paragraph，we can learn that multitaskers usually ______．‎ A．drive very skillfully B．go in for difficult tasks C．fail to react quickly to potential dangers D．refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior 参考答案： 解读：研究表明，喜欢多任务化的人在同时做多件事情时表现最差。‎ ‎67．D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句内容可知，Sanbonmats的研究表明，喜欢多任务化的人在同时做多件事情时，表现最差。此外，第三段第二句的内容也是提示。‎ ‎68．A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句的内容可知，他和同事在进行研究时，评估了学生的多任务化能力。‎ ‎69．C 细节理解题。根据第一段后半部分中的"but because they are easily distracted（分心）and can't focus on one activity"可知，人们进行多任务化的原因是他们不具备。专注于一项任务的能力。此外，倒数第三段的内容也是提示。‎ ‎70．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations"可知，喜欢多任务化的人一般对危险情况不太敏感，由此可推断他们通常不能对潜在的危险作出快速的反应。‎