【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词考点典题讲与练学案（11页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习形容词和副词考点典题讲与练学案（11页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 形容词和副词典题讲与练 一 形容词、副词考点讲解 主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析；考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。 ‎ 一、形容词、副词的主要功能 ‎1． 形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。如：‎ ‎ We find the boy considerate. (宾补)‎ ‎ He walked in the snow, cold and hungry. (伴随状语)‎ ‎ Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. (原因状语)‎ ‎2． 副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。如：‎ ‎ He spoke English fairly fluently. (修饰性状语)‎ ‎ Fortunately, none of them was hurt. (评注性状语)‎ ‎ His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his ‎ mind. (连接性状语)‎ He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。‎ ‎ He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时又累又饿。‎ ‎ 注意：(1) 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。如：‎ ‎(2) 有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。如：‎ ‎ Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. ‎ ‎ Personally, I don't think he will interview you. ‎ ‎(3) 还有些副词起连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。常见的有： ‎ first(ly)，second(ly), then, next, finally, last also，besides，furthermore，moreover ‎ equally, similarly ;therefore, thus, consequently ;rather, alternatively ;instead，though, yet, however ;anyhow, anyway ;meanwhile, meantime ‎ I am wrong. Similarly, you are to blame.‎ ‎ 我错了。同样地，你也该受到谴责。‎ Seize the chance. Otherwise you'll regret it. 抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。‎ They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves. 他们正玩得很开心，更精确地说，他们好像正玩得很开心。‎ He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program. ‎ It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town. 可能下雪，但我无论如何要进城。‎ He said he would come; he didn't, though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。‎ Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house. 母亲去买东西；我打扫屋子。‎ 二、形容词的位置 ‎1． 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：‎ ‎(1) 形容词短语作定语，定语后置。如：‎ ‎ a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high ‎(2) 表语形容词(alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。如：a man ‎ alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词，如：well，faint，ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill若作定语意为“bad”。‎ ‎(3) 用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，any，some和every构成的复合词，如anything，something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you. ‎ ‎(4) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。‎ ‎2． 多个形容词及限定词等修饰同一个名词的顺序： ‎ a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room ‎ 口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。‎ 三、副词的分类 ‎ 英语里的副词分为9类：时间、地点、方式、频率、程度、连接、关系、疑问和句子副词。常见的有：‎ ‎1． 时间副词 常见有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately，already, just 等。‎ ‎2． 地点副词 常见有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。‎ ‎3． 频率副词 频率副词表示动作发生的次数，常见的有ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually,‎ ‎ continually, always 等。‎ ‎4． 程度副词 程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。‎ ‎5． 连接副词 常见的连接副词有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover，thus, meanwhile, when, why, where, how 等。‎ ‎6． 句子副词 ‎ 句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。‎ 四、兼有两种形式的副词 ‎ 有些副词有两种形式，一种形式是在形一种形式是在形容词后加ly，另一种形式同该形容词，即“形、副同形”，但其意义有很大差别， 这类词主要有：‎ ‎1． 不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念或用于比喻意义。‎ high空间高度 The plane was flying high. highly高度地，非常地 I think highly of your opinion.‎ ‎ 注意短语：aim high 心怀大志，志向高远 deep空间深度 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. deeply深深地 Even father was deeply moved by the film. 注意搭配：deep into the night到深夜 wide空间宽度 He opened the door wide. widely广泛地，普遍地 English is widely used in the world. 注意短语：be wide awake 完全清醒 close 接近地，紧紧地 He is sitting close to me. closely 仔细地，严密地 Watch him closely. ‎ free免费You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely 自由地You may speak freely； say what you like.‎ most 很，非常，最 He is most kind to me. mostly 主要地 She is mostly at home on Sundays.‎ hard 努力地 Think harder. hardly 几乎不，简直不 I can hardly understand you. ‎ 五、形容词和副词比较等级的基本句型 ‎1． as＋adj./adv.原级＋as； not as/ so＋adj./adv.原级＋as ‎ 注意：当as…as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。‎ ‎ This is as good an example as the other is. ＝ This is an example as good as the other is. ‎ ‎2． adj./adv.比较级＋than You are taller than I. ‎ 注意：比较级后面跟有名词时，有时需要加适当的冠词。‎ ‎ Tom is the taller of the two brothers. I have never read a better story. ‎ ‎3． the ＋ 最高级 ＋ of/ among＋ 同类名词/ in ＋范围、地点等名词/定语从句(…have ever…) This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had. ‎ 注意：‎ ‎(1) 当没有比较的范围时，most表示非常，相当于very，此时没有比较概念。‎ ‎ Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry. ‎ ‎(2) “否定词语＋比较级”，“否定词语＋ so…as”结构表示最高级含义。‎ ‎ Nothing is so easy as this. ＝ Nothing is easier than this. ＝This is the easiest thing. ‎ ‎＝ This is the easiest thing. ‎ ‎ We couldn't feel better. ‎ ‎4． the ＋比较级…， the＋比较级…越……，越……‎ ‎ The more practice you do, the fewer mistakes you will make. ‎ ‎5． 比较级＋ and＋比较级 越来越……‎ ‎ The weather is getting warmer and warmer. ‎ 六、比较级和最高级的修饰词 ‎1． almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half, twice 等词可以用来修饰as…as结构。‎ ‎2． much, many(只能在比较级后是可数名词复数时使用)，far, by far, a lot, a great deal, rather, a bit, a little, even, still, yet，no, twice等词可以修饰more than比较级。‎ ‎3． by far, almost, nearly, much，first等词可以修饰最高级。‎ ‎ This problem is exactly as important as that one. ‎ ‎ Mike is much / a lot/ far/ a little stronger than John. ‎ ‎ He has much more money than me but I have many more books than him. ‎ ‎ My father is two inches taller than me/ taller than me by two inches. ‎ ‎ Today is even/ still/ yet colder.‎ ‎ I can't go any farther.＝I can go no farther.‎ ‎ This hat is by far the biggest.‎ ‎ The Yellow River is the second longestriver in China. ‎ ‎ 七、表达倍数的常用句型结构 ‎1． A is three/four…times the size/height/length/width…of B．或The size/height/length/width of A is three/four…times that of…如：‎ ‎ The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. ‎ ‎ 新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。 ‎ ‎2． A is three/four…times as big/high/long/wide…as B．如：‎ ‎ This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。‎ ‎3． A is three/four…times bigger/higher/longer/wider…than B．如：‎ ‎ The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. ‎ ‎ 这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。‎ 注意：用times表示倍数时，一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的数，表示两倍常用twice或double。‎ 答案：‎ ‎1. B　考查形容词比较级的用法。形容词比较级用于否定句表示隐含的最高级，表示“没有比……更……的”。2.‎ ‎ C　考查倍数的表达。很显然这里要表达的意思是：来的客人人数是他邀请的客人数的两倍，所以3. A　highly表示程度“非常，极度”。要用“倍数＋as many as”结构。第二个as及其后的内容省略。这样的错误是可以避免的。这里表示“仅仅，只有”，所以用merely。4. B　“nothing…other than wait” 只好等待。5. A　易混副词用法辨析。as…as…句型在否定句中可以替换为so…as…如本句。6. D　考查副词辨析。根据第一句句意：志愿工作在中国正越来越受到欢迎，可知D项正确。7.A　句意为：我没有责备任何人，我仅仅是说像8. D　表示眼睛睁得大、嘴张得大等时，要用wide修饰open；表示“酣睡”时，常用be sound/fast/deep asleep来表达。9.B　根据题干内容可知，这里是将Boris的智商与班级里其他同学的智商进行比较，因此应该用比较级，排除A、D两项；另外，这里是表泛指，因此用不定冠词，故B项正确。10.B11. A句意为：每个人都按时到会，甚至连那个通常什么时候都会迟到十分钟的麦克也按时到会了。选A。12.B　句意为： 人们因害怕沙尘暴，外出时都戴着口罩。13.D　考查名词前多个形容词的排列顺序。其排列顺序为：大小形状、颜色、出处、材料、用途。选D。14.A15.B　句意为：经济影响调查是由几个来自堪萨斯州大学的、特别挑选的硕士研究生进行的。especially尤其是；regularly有规律地；potentially潜在地。specially特别地，符合题意。‎