冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密20：完形填空之说明文

冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密20：完形填空之说明文

考点详解 ‎【命题特点】‎ ‎ 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为：‎ ‎1. 开头点题 在说明文类的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。‎ ‎2.结构清晰 ‎ 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。‎ ‎3.难度较大 ‎ 说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。‎ ‎4.遣词用字简练 ‎ 说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。‎ ‎5.条理清晰 ‎ 说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。‎ ‎【应试策略】‎ ‎1. 快速弄清文章大意 ‎ 对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。‎ ‎2. 弄清楚说明的顺序 ‎ 把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。‎ ‎3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节 ‎ 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。‎ ‎4. 注重上下文语境 ‎ 应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。‎ ‎5. 熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：‎ ‎（1）上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。‎ ‎（2）语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。‎ ‎（3）逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。‎ ‎（4）符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，才能做好此类题目。‎ 检测训练 题组一 真题在线 Cloze 1 (2016·上海)‎ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.‎ In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.‎ Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.‎ Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.‎ ‎1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike ‎ ‎2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme ‎ ‎3. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise ‎4. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above ‎ ‎5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging ‎ ‎6. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply ‎7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression ‎8. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male ‎ ‎9. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing ‎ ‎10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating ‎ ‎11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared ‎12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally ‎ ‎13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure ‎14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene ‎15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness ‎【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。‎ ‎3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正确。‎ ‎4. D 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项＂above上面的＂正确。‎ ‎5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。‎ ‎6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。‎ ‎7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。‎ ‎8. D 根据前半句＂...women will become more effective managers than men...＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。‎ ‎9. A 根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。‎ ‎12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。‎ ‎13. D ‎ ‎ deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。‎ ‎14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。‎ ‎15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。‎ Cloze 2 (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ) ‎ ‎ As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.As a matter of fact, we can see this 　1　at work in people of all 　2　.For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 　3　with their new toys.But their 　4　soon wears off and by January those 　5　toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 　6　stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someone’s 　7　interest.When parents bring home a pet,their child 　8　bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 　9　of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great 　10　but are soon looking forward to 　11　.The same is true of the young adults going to college.And then, how many 　12　, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 　13　drove for hours at a time when they first 　14　their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 　15　to do a lot of 　16　things,which they never had 　17　to do while working.But 　18　after retirement,the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 　19　.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 　20　.‎ ‎1. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power ‎2. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages ‎3. A. working B. living C. playing D. going ‎4. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow ‎5. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive ‎6. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled ‎7. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main ‎8. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly ‎9. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game ‎10. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement ‎11. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success ‎12. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees ‎13. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely ‎14. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered ‎15. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan ‎16. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct ‎17. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge ‎18. A. only B. well C. even D. soon ‎19. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit ‎20. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues ‎ 【文章大意】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理:各种形式的活动,如果人们经常做,都会产生厌倦情绪。‎ ‎1. A 其实,我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a general rule,本空填principle呼应名词rule。‎ ‎2. D 各年龄段的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知,孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成年 人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。‎ ‎3. C 在圣诞节早上,孩子们一开始很喜欢玩(playing)他们的新玩具。‎ ‎4. B 但是,不久他们对新玩具的兴趣(interest)逐渐消失了。‎ ‎11. A 但是,不久他们就盼望着毕业(graduation)。‎ ‎12. C 前句中的young adults暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知,抱怨每天开车上班花费时间长的人, ‎ ‎ 应该是成年人。‎ ‎13. B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时,他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly＂渴望地＂,符合文意。‎ ‎14. B obtain＂得到＂。这里指考取驾照。‎ ‎15. D 在退休前,人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。‎ ‎16. A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。‎ ‎17. A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了,没有时间(time)做这些事情。‎ ‎18. D 但是,退休后不久(soon),像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。‎ ‎19. C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样,非常乏味。‎ ‎20. B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境,就像一月的孩子一样,开始找新玩具(toys),寻求刺激了。‎ Cloze 3 (2015·广东) ‎ ‎ How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 　1　 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is 　2　 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 　3　. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 　4　 die.‎ ‎ Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a 　5　 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!‎ ‎ When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 　6　 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental 　7　 until after age 75.‎ ‎ People are living longer because more people 　8　 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 　9　. Now that the chances of dying 　10　 are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.‎ ‎ On the whole, our population is getting older. The 　11　 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 　12　, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in 　13　 if not in age.‎ ‎ As our society grows old, we need the 　14　 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to 　15　 active and be devoted.‎ ‎1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered ‎2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely ‎3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately ‎4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately ‎5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier ‎6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing ‎7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure ‎8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value ‎9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases ‎10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet ‎11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases ‎12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices ‎13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement ‎14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission ‎15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay ‎1. A 此处表示我们人体的设计就是最长活到120岁。design意为"设计"。‎ ‎2. D 根据上下文可知,此处表示110岁很可能是任何一个人可能会希望活的最长的年龄——如果一个人 极其健康和幸运的话,extremely "极度,极其"。‎ ‎8. A 根据下文中的"Before modern medicine changed... 　9　"中的"changed"和"died of"可知,现代医学改 变了这一状况,由此可知现在更多人活过童年,因此用survive。‎ ‎9. D 通过上文的"modern medicine"可知此处选diseases。‎ ‎10. B 由上文中的"childhood"可知这里应选young,空后的"the chances of living long are much higher"也是 提示。‎ ‎11. A 通过下文的"such changes"可知本题的答案。‎ ‎12. B 根据后面的"not disaster"可知这里用chances,也就是一些人看到的是机会而不是灾难。‎ ‎13. A in mind和后文的in age相对应。‎ ‎14. C 此处指的是我们需要老年人的贡献(contributions)。故选C。‎ ‎15. D stay active意思为"保持积极"。‎ Cloze 4 (2015·安徽) ‎ ‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 　1　 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 　2　 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ ‎ How did we 　3　 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 　4　 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 　5　 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 　6　.‎ ‎ Another cause is our 　7　of disposable(一次性的)products. As 　8　 people, we are always looking for 　9　 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 　10　 thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ ‎ Our appetite for new products also 　11　 to the problem. We are 　12　 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 　13　 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 　14　 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ ‎ All around the world, we can see the 　15　 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 　16　 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 　17　, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 　18　, this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.‎ ‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 　19　 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 　20　. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎1. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem ‎2. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products ‎3. A. face B. become C. observe D. change ‎4. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw ‎5. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎6. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful ‎7. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division ‎8. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy ‎9. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends ‎10. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve ‎11. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes ‎12. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for ‎13. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger ‎14. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away ‎15. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences ‎16. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure ‎17. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands ‎18. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎19. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of ‎20. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising ‎1.D 根据第一段末句中的＂because people ... than ever before＂可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的 问题(problem)。‎ ‎7.A 由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。prevention＂预防＂； division＂分开，分隔＂。‎ ‎8.D 为什么要节约时间?是因为人们比较忙。busy＂忙碌的＂，符合语境。‎ ‎9.A 忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法，故选ways。‎ ‎10.C 公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产(produce)一次性产品。 donate＂捐赠＂；preserve＂保护＂。‎ ‎11.D 由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to＂适应＂；return to＂返 回＂；respond to＂对……作出反应＂；contribute to＂是……的原因之一＂。‎ ‎12.B 根据前句＂我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题＂，以及后句中的＂we will be happier with the 　 　latest products＂推理可知此处应选B，be addicted to＂对……上瘾＂。‎ ‎13.A 根据空后的＂we will be happier with the latest products＂可知此处表示＂越新越好＂。‎ ‎14. D make room for new ones意为＂为新东西腾出空间＂，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢?当然是通过throw away＂扔掉＂。‎ ‎15.D 根据后句＂Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger＂可知此处指的是＂这种抛弃型的生活方式造 　 　成的后果＂。 advantage＂优点＂；purpose＂目的＂；function＂功能＂；consequence＂结果，后果＂。‎ ‎20.A 根据前句中的＂to repair our possessions 　19　 throwing them away＂以及后句中的＂Repairing our ‎ ‎ possessions and changing our spending habits...＂ 可知选A。‎ 题组二 名校模拟 Cloze 1‎ ‎ On June 8th, much of the world observes United Nations World Oceans Day. The idea is to remind people how 　1　the world’s oceans are to all life on Earth, to celebrate their beauty, and to bring attention to the 　2　human activity has on the oceans. This year, the 　3　is “Our Oceans, Our Future”, with 　4　emphasis on finding solutions to plastic pollution, and 　5　marine(海洋) litter for a healthier ocean and a better future.‎ ‎ The world’s oceans produce over half of our 　6　for breath, help regulate our climate, absorb carbon dioxide, and support the greatest 　7　of life on our planet. Nearly half of all species on Earth 　8　on the oceans for survival, and for many of the rest, including for people, the oceans 　9　the quality of life.‎ ‎ The oceans are 　10　vital to the world’s economy, because they are key to transportation and recreation. And 　11　over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored, it is nearly a certainty that their 　12　may hold the cure to many a disease, the resolution to many problem.‎ ‎ And yet, as much as 40 per cent of the world’s oceans are heavily 　13　by human activities that result in pollution, over-fishing, and loss of coastal habitats. Of particular 　14　is plastic litter. Some of it comes from 　15　that use our rivers, lakes and seas, and 　16　makes its way into the ocean. But 　17　washes off land into the ocean each year.‎ ‎ We must remember the health and safety of our oceans is our 　18　responsibility, one that we cannot afford to ignore. 　19　through good administration can we safeguard the health of our oceans, and 　20　that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.‎ ‎1. A. serious B. important C. apparent D. awesome ‎2. A. influence B. result C. affection D. drawback ‎3. A. title B. movement C. campaign D. theme ‎4. A. vital B. possible C. special D. fundamental ‎5. A. reusing B. preventing C. collecting D. gathering ‎6. A. water B. food C. air D. oxygen ‎7. A. abundance B. freedom C. independence D. protection ‎8. A. base B. depend C. live D. attach ‎9. A. increase B. decrease C. improve D. develop ‎10. A. also B. even C. still D. often ‎11. A. when B. while C. since D. although ‎12. A. areas B. widths C. amounts D. depths ‎13. A. destroyed B. exploited C. affected D. explored ‎14. A. activity B. concern C. reason D. cause ‎15. A. ships B. vehicles C. cars D. travelers ‎16. A. naturally B. controversially C. evidently D. eventually ‎17. A. much B. many C. some D. little ‎18. A. individual B. national C. common D. alternative ‎19. A. Then B. And C. So D. Only ‎20. A. promise B. insure C. foresee D. subscribe ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了今年世界海洋日的主题，特别强调了塑料污染，呼吁大家行动起来共同保护我们的海洋。‎ ‎3. D 根据本空后的“Our Oceans, Our Future”可知，今年海洋日的主题（theme）是“我们的海洋，我们的 未来”。‎ ‎4. C 根据本空后的“emphasis on finding solutions to plastic pollution”可知，今年的海洋日特别（special） 强调了海洋塑料污染的解决办法。‎ ‎5. B 根据本空后的“marine litter for a healthier ocean and a better future.”可知，此处是说阻止（preventing） 海洋垃圾。‎ ‎11. C 由句意可知，“over 95 percent of the underwater kingdom remains unexplored”是“it is nearly a certainty that...”的原因（since）。‎ ‎12. D 上文说有百分之九十五的海洋还未开发，因此此处是说海洋的深处（depths）。‎ ‎13. C 根据本空后的“by human activities that result in pollution, over-fishing, and loss of coastal habitats.”可 知，海洋被人类活动所影响（affected）。‎ ‎14. B 根据本空后的“is plastic litter”可知，特别令人关注的是（Of particular concern is）塑料垃圾。‎ ‎15. A 根据本空后的“that use our rivers, lakes and seas”可知，一些塑料垃圾来自在江河胡泊上行驶的船 （ships）。‎ ‎16. D 根据本空后的“makes its way into the ocean”可知，这些垃圾最终（eventually）流入海洋。‎ ‎17. A 根据本空后的“washes off land into the ocean each year.”可知，每年都有大量的（much  ）土地流入 海洋。‎ ‎18. C 根据本空前的“We must remember the health and safety of our oceans is our”可知，保护海洋的健康和 安全是我们共同的（common）责任。‎ ‎19. D 根据本空后的“through good administration can we safeguard the health of our oceans”可知，此处用 Only引起倒装。‎ ‎20. B 根据本空后的“that the oceans continue to meet the needs of future generations.”可知，只有这样才能确 保（insure）海洋继续满足我们子孙后代的需要。 ‎ Cloze 2‎ ‎ In terms of the original data in every way, the Chinese New Year — Spring Festival is the largest human event on the planet. In the seven 　1　of the Lunar New Year, Chinese are expected to 　2　more than $100 billion on eating and shopping — almost twice as much as Americans spend ‎ on Thanksgiving. 　3　, Chinese predictably buy railway tickets online 　4　a rate of more than 1 000 per second.‎ ‎ But it’s 　5　millions of Chinese people go home for the Spring Festival during "chunyun". All these 　6　take place at this time.‎ ‎ Transport networks have set 　7　highs for "chunyun" numbers almost every year for the past decade, the council(国务院)said.‎ ‎ Authorities expect travelers to make 356 million trips by 　8　during this year’s "chunyun" period. Taking the strain for the transportation is 　9　China’s high-speed railway network, now 　10　to 20 000 kilometers — the world’s longest. China’s total rail network 　11　more than 121 000 kilometers, the second largest in the world after the United States.‎ ‎ The "chunyun" 　12　isn’t just a wonder of logistics(组织工作); it also shows how modern China is 　13　.‎ Trains are packed with thousands of snoozing(打盹) 　14　, reflecting education reforms that have greatly 　15　the number of university places over the past decade.‎ ‎ 　16　dressed office girls in high heels can be seen picking their way through 　17　on their way home, which is a product of the mass migration of rural people to China’s coastal cities in search of 　18　jobs in service industries and factories.‎ ‎ Many of China’s new middle classes will opt to drive private cars and traffic jam is now a(n) 　19　feature of the holiday period.‎ ‎ Many others, however, will choose to 　20　the confusion altogether and take a vacation abroad — increasingly an option for the new generation in China.‎ ‎1. A. days B. weeks C. months D. years ‎2. A. cost B. spend C. take D. pay ‎3. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However ‎4. A. for B. on C. to D. at ‎5. A. why B. where C. when D. how ‎6. A. privileges B. journeys C. organizations D. wonders ‎7. A. fair B. good C. nice D. new ‎8. A. air B. sea C. rail D. road ‎9. A. differently B. mainly C. clearly D. frequently ‎10. A. increased B. resisted C. promoted D. opposed ‎11. A. controls B. reaches C. aims D. shoots ‎12. A. environment B. requirement C. phenomenon D. circumstance ‎13. A. finding B. expecting C. obtaining D. changing ‎14. A. leaders B. workers C. students D. colleagues ‎15. A. declined B. expanded C. failed D. started ‎16. A. Gratefully B. Impatiently C. Practically D. Beautifully ‎17. A. playgrounds B. streets C. fields D. stations ‎18. A. better-paid B. well-done C. helpless D. fearless ‎19. A. regular B. strange C. important D. necessary ‎20. A. develop B. escape C. leave D. carry ‎ 【语篇解读】具有中国元素的说明文符合高考完形填空的选材趋势。中国的春运创世界之奇迹,也是中国人津津乐道的话题。‎ ‎4. D 考查介词。此处考查固定短语at a rate of...,意为"以……的速度"。‎ ‎5. C 考查连词。根据下文的"for the Spring Festival during ‘chunyun’"即可分析,此处指的是时间,故用连接 词when引导表语从句。‎ ‎6. D 考查名词。由第五段中的"just a wonder of logistics(组织工作)"可知,此处应填入wonders与之呼应。 privilege"特殊利益",journey"旅行",organization"组织",wonder"奇迹"。‎ ‎7. D 考查形容词。由下文的"almost every year for the past decade, the council(国务院) said"可知,此处强调 每年不断地在创新高。此处存在短语set new highs for。‎ ‎8. C 考查名词。由下文语境和关键的信息句"Taking the strain for the transportation...China’s high-speed railway network"(承担春运压力的是中国高铁网络)可知,此处应用by rail"乘火车出行"。‎ ‎9. B 考查副词。结合上一句可分析,春运的主要(mainly)交通工具还是中国高铁。differently"不同地",clearly"清晰 地",frequently "频繁地"。‎ ‎10. A 考查动词。由下文的"the world’s longest"可知此处强调"如今中国高铁已增长至2万公里",故用 increased。resist"抵制",promote"提升",oppose"反对"。‎ ‎14. C 考查名词。由下文的"the number of university places"可知,此处表示火车上挤满了成千上万打盹的学 生,故用students。‎ ‎15. B 考查动词。结合上一句可推断此处表示"中国教育改革极大地增加了大学入学名额",故用expand"扩 展,增加"。‎ ‎16. D 考查副词。由关键信息词"dressed office girls in high heels"可知此处指姑娘们打扮漂亮时髦,故用 beautifully。gratefully"感激地",impatiently"不耐烦地",practically"实际上地",均不符合语境。‎ ‎17. C 考查名词。由下文的"the mass migration of rural people to China’s coastal cities"可知,此处表示在回乡 村老家的路上小心走过田地,故用fields。‎ ‎18. A 考查形容词。 由语境"to China’s coastal cities in search of...jobs"并结合常识可知他们应该是为找到 薪酬更为优厚的工作而大规模迁移到中国沿海城市,故用形容词better-paid,表示"薪酬更为优厚的"。‎ ‎19. A 考查形容词。结合语境和常识可知此处表示"交通堵塞也已成为现今节假日期间的常见现象",故用 regular。‎ ‎20. B 考查动词。根据语境可知此处表示还有许多人会选择完全避开这种混乱,去国外度假,故escape(避开) 符合语境。‎ Cloze 3‎ ‎ US scientists say they have bred a genetically modified (GM) mosquito that can resist malaria(疟疾) infection. If the lab technique 　1　in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 　2　malaria to humans, they say. The scientists put a new "resistance" 　3　into the mosquito’s own DNA, using a gene editing method called Crispr.‎ ‎ And when the GM mosquitoes mated — their later generation inherited the 　4　resistance, PNAS journal reports. In 　5　, if these mosquitoes bite people, they should not be able to 　6　on the parasite(寄生虫) that causes malaria.‎ ‎ About 3.2bn people — almost half of the world’s population — are at 　7　of malaria. Bed nets can help 　8　the insects biting and drugs can be given to anyone who 　9　the infection, but the disease 　10　kills around 580 000 people a year.‎ ‎ Scientists have been searching for new ways to 　11　malaria. The University of California team believe their GM mosquitoes could play a key role — 　12　resistant offspring to replace malaria-carrying mosquitoes. They took a type of mosquito found in India on which to 　13　.‎ ‎ Dr. Anthony James and his team showed that they could give the 　14　new DNA code to make it a 　15　host for the malaria parasite. The DNA was inherited by almost 100% of the mosquito offspring and across three 　16　.‎ ‎ Mosquito larvae(幼虫) can be genetically modified to carry 　17　new genes, such as resistance to the Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. The researchers say the findings offer 　18　that the same method could also work in other mosquito 　19　.‎ ‎ 　20　it would not be a sole solution to the malaria problem, it would be a useful additional weapon, they say. 1. A. counts B. matters C. applies D. works ‎2. A. spreading B. sending C. making D. turning ‎3. A. medicine B. method C. gene D. equipment ‎4. A. great B. same C. powerful D. healthy ‎5. A. practice B. particular C. general D. theory ‎6. A. carry B. take C. pass D. depend ‎7. A. top B. risk C. mercy D. rate ‎8. A. stop B. improve C. deny D. get ‎9. A. matches B. catches C. resists D. misses ‎10. A. fairly B. quite C. still D. just ‎11. A. get B. find C. shelter D. fight ‎12. A. breeding B. feeding C. educating D. assisting ‎13. A. base B. count C. experiment D. blame ‎14. A. person B. fellow C. plant D. insect ‎15. A. strong B. poor C. friendly D. good ‎16. A. methods B. countries C. varieties D. generations ‎17. A. useful B. doubtful C. thoughtful D. wonderful ‎18. A. belief B. opinion C. hope D. fact ‎19. A. species B. members C. drugs D. surroundings ‎20. A. Because B. Once C. Before D. Although ‎ 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。美国科学家声称他们已经培育出一种能抵抗感染的转基因蚊子,如果这项实验室技术起作用的话,它可以提供新的方法阻止蚊子把疟疾传染给人类。‎ ‎4. B 考查形容词辨析。由语境中的关键词inherited可知应用same。此处表示转基因蚊子交配后,他们的 后代继承相同的基因。great"伟大的";same"相同的,同一的";powerful"强大的";healthy"健康的"。‎ ‎5. D 考查语境选词。由上文中的"If the lab technique 1(works) in the field, it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2(spreading) malaria to humans"可知,这只是理论上的设想,故选D,in theory"在理论上"。in practice"实际上"; in particular"特别,尤其";in general "总的说来"。‎ ‎6. C 考查动词短语辨析。由第一段第二句中的"it could offer a new way of stopping the biting insects from 2 (spreading)malaria to humans"可知,科学家的主要目的是阻止蚊子传播导致疟疾的寄生虫。故 选C,pass on"传给"。‎ ‎7. B 考查语境选词。由下文中的"kills around 580 000 people a year"可知,此处表示大约32亿人,约世界人 口的一半有患疟疾的危险。故选B,at risk of"有……的危险"。‎ ‎8. A 考查生活常识。根据常识可知蚊帐的用途是帮助阻止蚊子咬人。故选A。improve"改善",deny"拒绝 ",get"得到,获得",均不符合题意。‎ ‎12. A 考查动词辨析。由空格前的"GM mosquitoes could play a key role"以及空格后的宾语"resistant offspring"可知,此处表示培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代。句意:加利福尼亚大学的工作组相信他们的 转基因蚊子可以发挥关键作用——培育具有抵抗作用的蚊子后代来取代携带疟疾(病毒)的蚊子。‎ ‎13. C 考查语境选词。由上下文可知这种做法是在实验阶段,因此用experiment。句意:他们选择了一种在 印度发现的蚊子进行实验。base"以……为据点";count"数数";experiment"做试验,进行实验";blame" 责怪"。‎ ‎14. D 考查生活常识。蚊子是一种昆虫,所以用insect。fellow"家伙,同类";plant"植物";insect"昆虫"。‎ ‎15. B 考查形容词辨析。此处表示Anthony博士和他的队友表明他们可以给这种蚊子新的DNA码以使其 成为疟疾寄生虫弱性携带者,故答案为poor。‎ ‎16. D 考查语境选词。这种基因几乎100%由蚊子后代继承而且在三代内遗传。method"方法";country"国 家";variety"不同种类,多种式样";generation"代,一代"。故选D。‎ ‎17. A 考查形容词辨析。科学家们培育转基因蚊子的目的是造福人类,因此这种新的基因是有用的(useful) 基因。doubtful"怀疑的";thoughtful "体贴的";wonderful"绝妙的,精彩的"。‎ ‎18. C 考查名词辨析。研究者称这些调研结果为将同样的方法用于其他种类的蚊子提供了希望,故选C。 belief"信念",opinion"观点",fact"事实"。‎ ‎19. A 考查名词辨析。此处指和印度蚊子相对应的其他种类(species)的蚊子。species"种,物种",member"成 员",drug"药",surroundings"环境"。‎ Cloze 4‎ ‎ If you’re the smartest person in your circle, you’re in the wrong circle — you’ve outgrown it. It’s time to move to the next 　1　. This saying encourages people to 　2　more by hanging out with those who are more hard-working and 　3　than they are.‎ ‎ I heard this saying 　4　to me from my daughter’s friend this past week. Ally, Wes and I have been running for upcoming 　5　. I’m going to do another 5K and Ally and Wes are going to do the 12-mile obstacle course. 　6　, their training is more intense than mine, but when I was in 　7　with them last week, Wes suddenly said, "You should 　8　with us!"‎ ‎ "You mean ‘do what you’re doing’?" I asked, with a surprised 　9　on my face.‎ ‎ "Exactly," he answered. "You can do it! You 　10　need someone to push you."‎ ‎ Although I 　11　to admit it, he was right. I needed to 　12　outside my comfort zone. I always let them run ahead of me, content to run at my own comfortable pace. But that was the 　13　— I’d grown too comfortable with my training.‎ ‎ I hadn’t been pushing myself. Ever since I had the surgery in April, I was a little 　14　about running again. I was afraid to even try 　15　that night when Wes pushed me into it — and outside my comfort zone. He was right! I was able to run — only about 5 minutes at a time before I had to walk again — but it was a(n) 　16　. And that was all I needed to get back at it — no longer afraid to train harder.‎ ‎ Recently I have 　17　my "training circle" to include Ally and Wes, and he wasn’t afraid to push me.‎ ‎ So, how are the circles in your life? Are you being 　18　in every area of your life, or are you very comfortable these days, not being 　19　at all, still living inside your comfort zone? If you’re the most 　20　one, then it’s time to get into a new circle or at least add to your existing ones.‎ ‎1. A. pattern B. level C. item D. standard ‎2. A. appreciate B. pay C. achieve D. solve ‎3. A. honest B. experienced C. potential D. mature ‎4. A. directly B. immediately C. suddenly D. gradually ‎5. A. sports B. exams C. races D. performances ‎6. A. Hopefully B. Thankfully C. Fortunately D. Obviously ‎7. A. company B. love C. touch D. relation ‎8. A. play B. exercise C. train D. go ‎9. A. appearance B. view C. manner D. look ‎10. A. still B. just C. even D. never ‎11. A. expected B. agreed C. hated D. failed ‎12. A. spread B. shift C. immigrate D. step ‎13. A. opinion B. sight C. comment D. problem ‎14. A. particular B. nervous C. confused D. excited ‎15. A. since B. if C. after D. until ‎16. A. stop B. start C. end D. distance ‎17. A. entered B. traced C. drawn D. enlarged ‎18. A. shocked B. challenged C. stricken D. frightened ‎19. A. shaken B. stretched C. punished D. stimulated ‎20. A. confident B. special C. suitable D. independent ‎ 【语篇解读】如果你在一个圈子里首屈一指的话,那么你就该改变一下,走出安乐窝了。‎ ‎1. B 考查名词。根据文章第一句话可知,此处指的是改变圈子,也就是移动到下一个层级(level)的时候了。‎ ‎7. A 本题容易误选C。be in touch with意为"和……保持联系",但该短语不符合下文所表达的内容。下文 的语境暗示出in company with(和某人一起)符合题意。‎ ‎8. C 考查动词。参见上题解析。‎ ‎9. D 考查名词。对于Wes这样的提议,作者应该是觉得不可思议,因而脸上流露出一副吃惊的表情(look)。‎ ‎10. B 考查副词。根据语境可知,此处指你能做到。你只是(just)需要有人敦促你。‎ ‎11. C 考查动词。根据语境可知,此处指作者心中明白Wes说的是对的,就是不愿意(hated)承认。‎ ‎12. D 考查动词。此处指作者需要走出(step)自己的安乐窝。‎ ‎13. D 考查名词。此处呼应首段首句,指作者以自己觉得舒服的速度来训练,那就是问题(problem)所在。‎ ‎14. B 考查形容词。此处是倒叙,指作者四月份动了手术之后,对再次跑步感到有点紧张(nervous)。下文中 的afraid亦是提示。‎ ‎18. B 考查动词。根据语境可知,此处指的是你在生活中的任何一个领域都挑战自我吗?challen ge"挑战"符 合语境。‎ ‎19. B 考查动词。这些天你是否依然非常舒服地生活在你的安乐窝里,没有全力以赴?stretch使全力以赴, 使发挥出全部本领,符合语境。‎ ‎20. C 考查形容词。如果你是圈子中最适合的(suitable),那么是时候进到一个新的圈子里了。此处表示当 你在这个圈子里最舒适的时候,那么你应该跳出这个安乐窝了。‎ ‎ ‎